隨著雅思考試整體難度的增加,雅思閱讀各題型的難度較之前都有一定的提高。例如判斷題中的比較關系,大多數(shù)熟悉真題的考生會很快想到,比較關系的考點對應原文常見的幾種情況,即題目有比較級,原文無比較,或者原文有比較,但是比較內(nèi)容不相關。這種出題規(guī)則下,答案必然是NOTGIVEN。直接題干和原文比較關系發(fā)生錯誤和矛盾關系,必然是FALSE,若是比較關系的同義替換,則是TRUE。
題目或原文中有直接比較關系詞是常見形式,考生相對容易分析。而在一些較難的題目中,出現(xiàn)了隱含的比較關系。這種隱含的比較關系可以體現(xiàn)在題目中,或是原文,考生需要謹慎定位,仔細比較,在這些看似不復雜的規(guī)則下,比較關系考點對應原文會轉(zhuǎn)化成否定關系,稍不仔細,考生很容易將這種關系,理解為NOTGIVRN。針對比較關系和否定關系之間的轉(zhuǎn)化,我們可根據(jù)以下題目來重點分析。
1.For the earliest tribes,the concept of sufficiency was more importantthan the concept of quantity. (C6P51Q32)
對應原文的句子是It is impossible to learn the sequence of events that led to ourdeveloping the concept of number. Even the earliest of tribes had a system ofnumeration that,if not advanced,was sufficient for the tasks that they had toperform. Our ancestors had little use for actual numbers;instead theirconsiderations would have been more of the kind Is this enough? rather than Howmany?題目是比較充足性的概念和數(shù)量的概念,前者比后者更重要。原文相關位置并沒有直接給出比較級,但是出現(xiàn)了little,instead,ratherthan的表達,sufficiency在原文替換詞是enough,quantity在原文的替換詞是howmany,顯然,最后一句說明了充足性的概念是更多被考慮的問題,而不是有多少。因此這個題的結(jié)論是TRUE。
2.In the follow-up class,the teaching activities are similar to those usedin conventional classes.(C7P29Q33)
原文內(nèi)容'There is a follow-up class at which the students are stimulated torecall the material presented. Once again the approach is indirect. The studentsdo not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary,but focus onusing the language to communicate. Such methods are not unusual in languageteaching'題目中的關系詞是similar,原文雖然沒有出現(xiàn)直接比較,對應的第二句,三句介紹了follow-up class的具體活動,不是去死記硬背單詞,而是通過交流來達到語言應用的目的。這些方法在傳統(tǒng)課堂不是不尋常的,notunusual恰恰就體現(xiàn)了一種比較,因此正好符合了題目中的similar關系。因此,該題的結(jié)論為TRUE.
3.Computers are better than humans at detecting faults inglass.(C8P44Q13)
原文對應:Inspection technology allows more than 100 millions measurements asecond to be made across the ribbon, locating flaws the unaided eye would beunable to see.題目定位詞選擇computer和humans,原文信息中,定位詞做了一定程度的替換,computer對應inspectiontechnology,而humans替換為eye, 所以原文句子的意思是計算機技術能檢測到瑕疵,而無助的眼睛是看不到的,所以unable tosee就表達了一種人類能力有限,計算機更擅長于檢測玻璃的瑕疵。所以該題的結(jié)論為TRUE。
4.Extinct megafauna should receive more attention than the extinction ofthe dinosaurs.(OG .P256Q32 'Australia's lost giant')
原文信息:Given how much ink has been spilled on the extinction of thedinosaurs,it's a wonder that even more hasn't been devoted to magafauna.這是一道來自官方指南的判斷題,通過原文判斷出作者的態(tài)度信息,題目是直接比較關系出現(xiàn),megafauna的滅絕應該受到更多的關注。原文表達重點是it's awonder that even more hasn't been devoted…,所以原文通過否定,體現(xiàn)了作者鮮明的態(tài)度,因此結(jié)論應該是TRUE。
通過上述例題可以看出,在解答比較關系考點的題目時,考生要準確把握對應原文中的核心詞,切莫在原文盲目尋找直接比較關系詞,這一類的題目對考生把握文章內(nèi)容和句間邏輯提出了更高的要求,多總結(jié)各種否定關系的表達句式,慎定位,重分析,準確理解才能提高判斷題的正確率。