搞定這些特殊符號(hào)，雅思閱讀你就贏了一半

　　搞定這些特殊符號(hào)，雅思閱讀你就贏了一半!眾所周知，雅思閱讀多數(shù)題目考查，原文段落中一些重要的細(xì)節(jié)，比如舉例或者段落的分論點(diǎn)。

　　許多考生為此困擾不已，覺(jué)得定位困難，找不到出題的句子，越來(lái)越多的考生發(fā)現(xiàn)題目中曾經(jīng)的“原詞”定位大法不再適用，更多題目會(huì)替換掉這些題目中的”定位詞”，讓定位出題句變得頭痛。

　　在經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的觀察后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣的現(xiàn)象除了一貫的“不審清題目”、“不讀懂題目的idea”、和“盲目亂撞”。

　　考生們往往忽視了，原文的重要“信號(hào)”，—特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，這些符號(hào)包括常見(jiàn)的破折號(hào)、引號(hào)，和相對(duì)少一些的冒號(hào)、括號(hào)和問(wèn)號(hào)(設(shè)問(wèn))。

　　然而，這些符號(hào)恰恰有很好的提示性，出現(xiàn)的句子往往出題，下面以破折號(hào)和引號(hào)為例，展示下他們的強(qiáng)大。

　　01.Developed most probably as a defense against forest fires, the bark of the cork oak has a particular cellular structure — with about 40 million cells per cubic centimeter — that technology has never succeeded in replicating.

　　這句話(huà)破折號(hào)起到句中停頓作用，補(bǔ)充解釋"a particular cellular structure"，去掉這個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分，此句要說(shuō)明的是軟木作為木材有抵御森林火災(zāi)的天然優(yōu)勢(shì)，而人類(lèi)技術(shù)從未能企及。

　　對(duì)應(yīng)地，后面的判斷題目scientists have developed a synthetic cork with the same cellular structure as natural cork.(Question 2) 題目說(shuō)“科學(xué)家已經(jīng)研發(fā)出合成軟木，跟天然橡木有相同的纖維質(zhì)地(也就是防火的特點(diǎn))”，顯然題目與原文矛盾，判定為false。

　　02.If the bark is stripped on a day when it's too cold — in when the air is damp— the tree will be damaged.

　　此句說(shuō)“如果在寒冷或潮濕的日子里剝樹(shù)皮，樹(shù)會(huì)遭損傷”，通過(guò)"if"可以看出是講“條件”，對(duì)應(yīng)到后面一判斷題：Cork bark should be stripped in dry atmospheric conditions.(Question 4)

　　此題就在講剖樹(shù)皮的條件，顯然干燥與“潮濕”(damp)矛盾，判定false. 這里有個(gè)小插曲，有的童鞋不認(rèn)識(shí)damp一詞，恐怕只好通過(guò)語(yǔ)境猜詞義，前面說(shuō)cold，搭配一起是“寒冷干燥”還是“陰冷潮濕”，這里就得想想出題的是英國(guó)人，恐怕他們字典里很難找“寒冷干燥”吧，于是這是潮濕的意思。

　　The Montreal study

　　Participants, who were recruited for the study through advertisements, had their brain activity monitored while listening to their favorite music. It was noted that the music stimulated the brain's neurons to release a substance called 27 _______ in two of the parts of the brain which are associated with feeling 28________.

　　Researchers also observed that the neurons in the area of the brain called the 29_______ were particularly active just before the participants' favourite moments in the music - the period known as the 30_______. Activity in this part of the brain is associated with the expectation of 'reward' stimuli such as 31_______.

　　這組考題可謂把標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)用到極致，從空格考點(diǎn)來(lái)看，五道題目有三題明顯考術(shù)語(yǔ)(往往有引號(hào))，而最后一空前“reward”作為術(shù)語(yǔ)可以容易定位到。

　　如此，在利用標(biāo)題定位段落后，找到一兩段話(huà)中的術(shù)語(yǔ)，題目就迎刃而解。具體來(lái)看，空格27考一種物質(zhì)(化學(xué)物質(zhì)名稱(chēng)，早在劍橋4里就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)類(lèi)似考察)substance往往就指hemical。 空格29考的是大腦區(qū)域的名稱(chēng)，空格4考的是“時(shí)間段或階段'名稱(chēng)，空格31考察舉例名稱(chēng)，但給出有引號(hào)的術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)定位。

　　原文

　　The first thing they discovered is that music triggers the production of dopamine — a chemical with a key role in setting people's moods— by the neurons(nerve cells) in both the dorsal and ventral regions of the brain.

　　此處對(duì)應(yīng)的是空格27 主要的提示信號(hào)仍是破折號(hào)，起到補(bǔ)充解釋'dopamine'的作用，于是此處答案即使'dopamine'。

　　What is rather more significant is the finding that the dopamine neurons in the caudate — a region of the brain involved in learning stimulus— response associations, and in anticipating food and other 'reward' stimulus — were at their most active around 15 seconds before the participants' favorite moments in the music.

　　此句中破折號(hào)再次起到信號(hào)作用解釋'caudate' 是大腦中的一個(gè)區(qū)域，于是空格29答案便是這個(gè)詞，而另一處破折號(hào)前出現(xiàn)空格31的定位詞'reward' stimulus，于是它對(duì)應(yīng)的舉例就是空格5'food'。

　　The researchers call this 'anticipatory phase' and argue that the purpose of this activity is to help us predict the arrival of our favorite part.

　　緊接著一句中提到的這一術(shù)語(yǔ)正是空格30 的答案，如果詞匯量充分，也很容易理解'anticipate'本來(lái)就與'predict' 和'before'對(duì)應(yīng)到，'phase'指時(shí)期或階段，可以對(duì)應(yīng)'period'。

　　總結(jié)：此類(lèi)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的運(yùn)用在幾乎所有文章里都有體現(xiàn)，建議考生們不要忽視。除了題目中關(guān)鍵詞的把握，其實(shí)了解出題句常見(jiàn)位置和提示信號(hào)也是必要的答題技巧。