有聲英文閱讀-夢(mèng)游，是真有其事還是虛構(gòu)出來(lái)的？

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Sleepwalking - Fact or Fancy?

There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers. Persons have been said to climb on roofs, solve mathematical problems, compose music, walk through windows, and commit murder in their sleep.
In Revere, Massachusetts, a hundred policemen searched for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep and woke up five hours later on a strange sofa in a strange living room, with no idea how he had got there.
At the University of Iowa, a student was reported to have the habit of getting up in the middle of the night and walking three-quarters of a mile to the Iowa River. He would take a swim and then go back to his room to bed.
An expert on sleep in America claims that he has never seen a sleepwalker. He is said to know more about sleep than any other living man, and during the last thirty-five years has lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep. Says he, "of course, I know that there are sleepwalkers because I have read about them in the newspapers. But none of my sleepers ever walked, and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment. I doubt that I'd get many takers."
Sleepwalking, nevertheless, is a scientific reality. It is one of those strange phenomena that sometimes border on the fantastic. What is certain about sleepwalking is that it is a symptom of emotional disturbance, and that the only way to cure it is to remove the worries and anxieties that cause it. Doctors say that sleepwalking is much more common than is generally supposed. Many sleepwalkers do not seek help and so are never put on record, which means that an accurate count can never be made.
The question is: Is the sleepwalker actually awake or asleep? Scientists have decided that he is about half-and-half. Dr. Zelda Teplitz, who made a ten-year study of the subject, says, "The sleepwalker is awake in the muscular area, partially asleep in the sensory area." In other words, a person can walk in his sleep, move around, and do other things, but he does not think about what he is doing.
What are the chances of a sleepwalker committing a murder or doing something else extraordinary in his sleep? Dr. Teplitz says, "Most people have such great inhibitions against murder or violence that they would awaken if someone didn't wake them up." In general, authorities on sleepwalking agree with her. They think that people will not do anything in their sleep that is against their own moral standard. As for the publicized cases, Dr. Teplitz points out, "Sleepwalking itself is dramatic… sleepwalkers can always find an audience. I think that some of their tall tales get exaggerated in the telling." In her own records of case histories, there is not one sleepwalker who ever got beyond his own front door.
To protect themselves, some sleepwalkers have been known to tie themselves in bed, lock their doors, hide the keys, bolt the window, and take all sorts of measures to wake themselves if they should get out of bed. Curiously enough, they have an unusual way of avoiding their own traps when they sleepwalk, so none of their tricks seem to work very well. Some sleepwalkers talk in their sleep loudly enough to wake someone else in the family who can then shake them back to their senses.
Children who walk in their sleep usually outgrow the habit. In many adults, too, the condition is more or less temporary. If it happens often, however, the sleepwalker should seek help. Although sleepwalking itself is nothing to become alarmed about, the problems that cause the sleepwalking may be very serious.

夢(mèng)游，是真有其事還是虛構(gòu)出來(lái)的？

關(guān)于夢(mèng)游的人，有說(shuō)不完的事：據(jù)說(shuō)有些人在夢(mèng)游中爬上了屋頂、解出了一些數(shù)學(xué)題、作了曲，從窗戶走出去了，殺了人。
在美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州的里維爾市，一百名警察在搜找一個(gè)失蹤了的男孩，這個(gè)男孩在睡眠中離開了家，5個(gè)小時(shí)以后在一間陌生的客廳中的一個(gè)陌生的長(zhǎng)沙發(fā)上醒來(lái)了，他竟然一點(diǎn)也不知道他是怎么到了那兒。'
在美國(guó)艾奧瓦，州立大學(xué)，據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)說(shuō)，有個(gè)學(xué)生有個(gè)習(xí)慣，老是在半夜里起床然后步行3/4英里路走到艾奧瓦河，他習(xí)慣于游一會(huì)泳，然后才回到他的房間上床就寢。
美國(guó)有位研究睡眠問(wèn)題的專家說(shuō)，他從來(lái)也沒見過(guò)正在夢(mèng)游的人。據(jù)說(shuō)他在睡眠問(wèn)題方面的知識(shí)在世界上比任何人都懂得多，據(jù)說(shuō)最近35年他放棄了很多睡眠時(shí)間去觀察人們的睡眠狀況。他說(shuō)，"當(dāng)然，我知道有些人會(huì)夢(mèng)游，因?yàn)槲以趫?bào)紙上看到過(guò)。但是我所觀察過(guò)的睡眠中的人沒有任何人會(huì)在睡眠中起來(lái)走路，倘使我真的登廣告招聘有夢(mèng)游經(jīng)歷的人前來(lái)參加我的實(shí)驗(yàn)的話，我看我就未必能招聘到很多人來(lái)參加實(shí)驗(yàn)。"
然而，從科學(xué)的角度講，夢(mèng)游確是真有其事的。夢(mèng)游是那種有時(shí)近似于奇異怪誕的不可思議的現(xiàn)象之一。關(guān)于夢(mèng)游癥所能肯定焉的兩點(diǎn)就是夢(mèng)游是情緒紊亂的一種癥狀，要治好夢(mèng)游癥的唯一的辦法就是去年導(dǎo)致焦慮和擔(dān)憂的病因。醫(yī)生們都說(shuō)，夢(mèng)游癥要比人們通常認(rèn)為的情況更加普遍得多。許多夢(mèng)游癥患者不前來(lái)就醫(yī)，因而也就永遠(yuǎn)也不能記錄在案，這就意味著永也沒辦法作出精確的統(tǒng)計(jì)。
問(wèn)題是：正在夢(mèng)游的人是清醒的呢，還是依然在睡夢(mèng)中？科學(xué)家們斷定夢(mèng)游患者是處于半醒半睡的狀態(tài)中。澤爾達(dá)o泰普麗茲醫(yī)生對(duì)夢(mèng)游這一課題進(jìn)行了十年的仔細(xì)觀察和研究之后說(shuō)，"夢(mèng)游的人控制肌肉的那一部分大腦是清醒的，而控制感官的那一部分仍在睡夢(mèng)中。"換句話說(shuō)，一個(gè)人可以在睡夢(mèng)中走路，到處亂走，或作其他一些事情，但這個(gè)人并沒仔細(xì)考慮過(guò)他或她在干什么。
一個(gè)在睡夢(mèng)中正在夢(mèng)游的人干出殺人或某種別的令人震驚的事是可能性有多大？泰普麗茲醫(yī)生說(shuō)："大多數(shù)人都有非常強(qiáng)大的抑制去傷人或去從事暴行的能力，以致如果別人若不把他們喚醒的話，他們自己也會(huì)醒來(lái)。"一般來(lái)講，研究夢(mèng)游問(wèn)題的一些學(xué)術(shù)權(quán)威都同意她的說(shuō)法。他們認(rèn)為人們?cè)谒瘔?mèng)中不會(huì)干出任何違背他們自己的道德準(zhǔn)則的事情來(lái)。至于談到傳聞中那些夢(mèng)游的故事，泰普麗茲醫(yī)生指出："夢(mèng)游本身就是帶有戲劇色彩的事情……總會(huì)有些聽眾愿意去聽夢(mèng)游者的故事。我認(rèn)為他們的一些本來(lái)就是言過(guò)其實(shí)的故事在傳講的過(guò)程中被有枝添葉地夸大了。"在她記錄的病例檔案中，沒有任何一個(gè)在夢(mèng)游的人曾經(jīng)走出過(guò)自己家的前門。
眾所周知，有些患有夢(mèng)游癥的人，為了保護(hù)自己把自己捆綁在床上，鎖上自己的門，把鑰匙藏起來(lái)，把窗戶都栓死，若是萬(wàn)一自己起了床去夢(mèng)游，他們采取了各種各樣的措施以便把自己弄清醒過(guò)來(lái)。說(shuō)來(lái)這事也真夠怪的，在他們起來(lái)夢(mèng)游時(shí)，總能用一些不一般的手段避開自己清醒時(shí)所設(shè)下的那些防范的措施，所以他們那些防范的招數(shù)都不能很好地起作用。有些患?jí)粲伟Y的人在夢(mèng)游時(shí)會(huì)大聲說(shuō)話，以便把家庭中其他人吵醒，然后讓家人把他們搖回清醒狀態(tài)。
凡是患有夢(mèng)游癥的兒童長(zhǎng)大以后通常都能改掉夢(mèng)游的習(xí)慣。許多成年人也會(huì)改掉夢(mèng)游的習(xí)慣，夢(mèng)游的狀態(tài)多多少少都具有暫時(shí)性。可是，如果經(jīng)常發(fā)生夢(mèng)游，那夢(mèng)游患者就該去就醫(yī)。盡管夢(mèng)游這種現(xiàn)象本身根本就不值得大驚小怪的，但是導(dǎo)致夢(mèng)游的種種問(wèn)題卻很可能是非常嚴(yán)重的。