美語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練班100

A: 歡迎大家來(lái)到這期的美語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練班! 我是楊琳!

B: 我是Mike! 楊琳，來(lái)告訴大家今天都要學(xué)什么!

A: Sure! 今天，我們要一起看看辦公室八卦有多可怕，看看麥當(dāng)勞怎么幫助孩子提高讀寫(xiě)能力，還要告訴你怎么說(shuō)最后一博!

B: Yeah...I always try to stay away from office gossip. I feel like the more you know, the more likely you are to become a subject of gossip yourself...

A: 對(duì)啊! 我覺(jué)得，對(duì)于辦公室八卦，最好的方法就是敬而遠(yuǎn)之!

B: Yeah, as if you don't gossip...

A: 哎喲，都說(shuō)了，節(jié)目上不能八卦!(both laugh) 好了好了現(xiàn)在，咱們趕快先來(lái)進(jìn)入第一個(gè)單元，learn a word!

Learn A Word 1679 neighborhood

今天我們要學(xué)的詞是 neighborhood, neighborhood is spelled n-e-i-g-h-b-o-r-h-o-o-d, neighborhood. neighborhood 居民區(qū)，小區(qū)。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字顯示，Almost 20% of people who recently moved regarded living in a Neighborhood close to where they work as a criteria in finding a new home. 最近搬家的人里，將近20%的人都把離上班地方近做為選擇住宅區(qū)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。最近，一個(gè)房產(chǎn)銷(xiāo)售網(wǎng)站的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，A neighborhood in Texas is the most diverse neighborhood in America, equally divided between Asian, black, Hispanic and white residents. 德克薩斯州的一個(gè)居民區(qū)是全美最多元化的社區(qū)，亞裔，黑人，西班牙裔和白人居民人數(shù)基本相對(duì)。好的，今天我們學(xué)習(xí)的詞是 neighborhood, neighborhood, neighborhood....

A: Yeah, a good neighborhood is really important. You should be able to feel safe where you live.

B: Exactly. I love the neighborhood where I grew up. It's a small town, but everyone was so open and friendly! You don't get the same sense of community when you're living in the big city.

A: 是啊! 在大城市里，鄰里之間都不來(lái)往。我到現(xiàn)在也不知道我對(duì)面住的是什么人! 都在那里住了三年了....大城市真沒(méi)人情味啊! 咱們回到正題，來(lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)今天的美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，last-ditch effort!

Words and Idioms 821 LAST-DITCH EFFORT

美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)第 821講

我昨天晚上特別倒霉，不小心一屁股坐在了自己的眼鏡上，把鼻梁架坐斷了。我先是用萬(wàn)能膠粘，不管用，又用膠紙粘，也不管用。我老公說(shuō)可以試試，看能不能焊上，如果還是不管用的話，那我只好去配一副新的了。所以說(shuō)，我現(xiàn)在只有 last-ditch-effort：

M: Last-ditch effort. Ditch is spelled d-i-t-c-h. Last-ditch-effort. Last-ditch effort.

Ditch 在中文里是壕溝的意思。Last-ditch effort 這個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的中文意思是指多次嘗試失敗后所作的最后努力。現(xiàn)在你一定明白了，我老公幫我修眼鏡架是最后的努力，如果再不行，我只好放棄了。

下面這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員也有類(lèi)似經(jīng)歷。讓我們一起聽(tīng)聽(tīng)體育評(píng)論員的解釋。

M: "The Olympic gymnast had scored well on her floor exercises, but not enough to earn a medal. She knows she has one final opportunity, so she's making a LAST-DITCH EFFORT. If she doesn't succeed this time, she'll likely to be too old to try again at the Games in four years."

評(píng)論員說(shuō)，這名奧林匹克體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員的自由體操的得分不低，但是沒(méi)有達(dá)到拿獎(jiǎng)牌的水平。她心里明白，她只有最后一次機(jī)會(huì)了，所以她要做最后的努力。如果這次不成功，四年后的下屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)，她的年紀(jì)就太大了。

雖說(shuō)大多數(shù)體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員年紀(jì)都很輕，但是最近我見(jiàn)到一位35歲的體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員，她的表現(xiàn)居然超過(guò)了比她年紀(jì)小一半的選手，簡(jiǎn)直是不可思議。

我們辦公室有個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)送信的小伙子，最近一直在追求我的一個(gè)同事，他先是留紙條，然后又給女孩子買(mǎi)咖啡，但是那個(gè)女孩子根本不動(dòng)心。小伙子決定，最后再努把力，As a last-ditch effort, 他在女孩子生日當(dāng)天送去了99朵玫瑰，終于贏得了芳心。好的，讓我們?cè)賮?lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)上面那段話。

M: "The Olympic gymnast had scored well on her floor exercises, but not enough to earn a medal. She knows she has one final opportunity, so she's making a LAST-DITCH EFFORT. If she doesn't succeed this time, she'll likely to be too old to try again at the Games in four years."

你喜歡園藝嗎?種種花草，甚至可以種點(diǎn)蔬菜，自產(chǎn)自銷(xiāo)。我朋友 Jenny 經(jīng)常說(shuō)，千萬(wàn)別跟我提種花，我這個(gè)人什么也種不活。其實(shí)啊，象她這種人并不少見(jiàn)。讓我們聽(tīng)聽(tīng)下面這個(gè)例句。

M: "I'd never had much luck in my garden. Everything I'd ever planted failed to grow. I was about to give up. But I thought I'd try one more time by choosing a different location. My LAST-DITCH EFFORT made all the difference. Now I've got more tomatoes than I know what to do with!"

這個(gè)人說(shuō)，我在花園里的運(yùn)氣永遠(yuǎn)特別差，種什么都活不了，最后我決定，換個(gè)地方，再試最后一次，結(jié)果居然成功了。如今，我種的西紅柿，多得吃都吃不完。

有時(shí)候，園藝確實(shí)需要技巧。在英語(yǔ)里，我們?nèi)绻f(shuō)什么人特別擅長(zhǎng)園藝，就可以說(shuō) He or she has a green thumb。Green thumb 沒(méi)錯(cuò)，就是綠色的手指。如果哪天別人夸你 have a green thumb, 就是說(shuō)你會(huì)種花種菜。好，我們?cè)俾?tīng)一下上面的例句。

M: "I'd never had much luck in my garden. Everything I'd ever planted failed to grow. I was about to give up. But I thought I'd try one more time by choosing a different location. My LAST-DITCH EFFORT made all the difference. Now I've got more tomatoes than I know what to do with!"

Last-ditch effort 這個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)來(lái)自軍事，大家都知道，在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上打仗要挖戰(zhàn)壕，因此，Last-ditch effort 最后一道戰(zhàn)壕，也就意味著最后一道防線。

好的，這次美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)就到此結(jié)束了。有聽(tīng)眾寫(xiě)信給我，說(shuō)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)太難了，想打退堂鼓，我希望這些聽(tīng)眾不要放棄，make a last-ditch effort, 一定能成功!

M: Until next time.

下次節(jié)目再見(jiàn)。

M: This has been Words and Idioms.

A: Ok, I'm going to make a last-ditch effort to give you some fashion advise, Mike...You can't wear a green shirt with a yellow tie!

B:Ugh....it's only because I didn't have enough time to get ready this morning! My alarm clock didn't wake me up and I had only 5 minutes to get ready for work!

A: Okok...你可得注意形象，咱倆可代表節(jié)目呢，你老這么拉塌怎么行? 今天早晨我跟小貝還在討論你奇怪的著裝....

B: What? You guys were gossiping about me? You two little.....

A: 我們是準(zhǔn)備善意地幫助你! 不過(guò)啊，辦公室的閑話確實(shí)很可怕，今天的business etiquette里就要談到這個(gè)話題，咱們一塊來(lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)看!

禮節(jié)美語(yǔ)BE-221 Office Gossip I

Sally 早上遇到同事 Lisa, 馬上湊上前去，很神秘地說(shuō)：

Sally: Did you hear the news about Tom and his wife?

Lisa: No....what happened?

S: Well, Jane told me that Tom has been having an affair! I heard his wife caught him at a hotel with another woman!

L: Really? That's a shocker! I always thought Tom was a loyal, devoted family man.

S: Hey Mary, did you hear about Tom?

Mary: No, what happened? Is he okay?

S: Well, keep this under your hat, but it seems Tom has been having an affair! Everyone's talking about it!

Sally 告訴 Lisa，她聽(tīng)說(shuō) Tom 搞婚外情，被他太太在旅館里捉奸。Lisa聽(tīng)后很吃驚，說(shuō) That's a shocker! 意思是這件事太出人意料了，因?yàn)樗恢庇X(jué)得Tom是個(gè)很忠實(shí)的居家男人 family man. 這時(shí)另外一位同事 Mary也加入討論。Sally 又把這個(gè)小道消息告訴 Mary, 還讓她 keep this under your hat 意思是保密。

Mary: You know, to be perfectly honest, I'm not really keen on office gossip. For one thing, how do we even know the rumor is true? Did you hear it straight from the horse's mouth?

S: Not exactly. Jane said that Phyllis told her that they overheard a conversation between Katy and her friend Samantha about Tom's affair.

M: Well, that doesn't sound like a very accurate source. I really think you should take this rumor with a grain of salt.

Mary說(shuō)，自己對(duì)辦公室里的這些八卦不感興趣。I'm not keen on office gossip. 她問(wèn)Sally, Did you hear it straight from the horse's mouth? Mary在這里用到了一個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)， straight from the horse's mouth. 意思是從當(dāng)事人本人，或是可靠消息來(lái)源那里得到的消息。Sally承認(rèn)，是輾轉(zhuǎn)好幾撥人，聽(tīng)到的小道消息。Mary說(shuō)，you should take this rumor with a grain of salt. 意思是那就不能全信了。，To take something with a grain of salt 意思是帶著懷疑的態(tài)度，有所保留。 Lisa 聽(tīng)后說(shuō)：

L: But Mary, everyone gossips in the office. It's part of office culture.

M: That may be true, but sometimes gossip can be counterproductive and even dangerous. Did you ever play the "telephone game" when you were a kid?

L: Um....no. What's the "telephone game?"

M: Everyone sits in a circle and you start with a sentence of information. For example, "John hates chocolate cookies." Then each person whispers that sentence to the next person in turn.

Lisa 覺(jué)得，辦公室里大家都喜歡傳八卦，It's part of office culture. 是辦公室文化的一個(gè)部分。Mary 卻覺(jué)得，gossip can be counterproductive. 這樣做只會(huì)有消極效應(yīng)。Mary 問(wèn) Lisa 小時(shí)候玩沒(méi)玩過(guò) "telephone game"電話游戲，大家做成一圈，一個(gè)挨一個(gè)地把一句話用耳語(yǔ)的方式傳給自己旁邊的人，看傳到最后會(huì)變成什么樣子。

A: Sally告訴Lisa，同事Tom有婚外情，Lisa覺(jué)得That's a shocker! 太讓人吃驚了，Tom看著不像是會(huì)干這種事情的人。Sally說(shuō)，要keep this under your hat, 保密。Lisa本來(lái)就很反感在辦公室八卦別人的閑事兒，她說(shuō)gossip can be counterproductive, 只會(huì)有消極反應(yīng)。

B: I agree. Office gossip is a perfect example of the telephone game. The news gets more and more distorted with each telling, especially when it comes to other people's personal lives.

A: I agree that you have to respect other's privacy. But sometimes you have to gossip! Its a form of socializing, If you don't do it, you lose the chance to bond with your co-workers.

B: What?? I think this may be one of those basic differences between men and women. Let's see what Lisa has to say about this!

禮節(jié)美語(yǔ)BE-222 Office Gossip II

Sally 跟同事Lisa和Mary議論辦公室里關(guān)于Tom的傳聞，說(shuō)Tom 大搞婚外情，被老婆發(fā)現(xiàn)。Mary覺(jué)得，在辦公室里議論這些不好，而且并不知道消息是否屬實(shí)。Mary 問(wèn)Lisa小時(shí)候玩沒(méi)玩過(guò)一個(gè)叫“打電話的游戲”，玩的人坐成一圈，把一句話從第一個(gè)人用耳語(yǔ)的方式一直傳下去，看傳到最后一個(gè)人會(huì)是什么樣子。Lisa 說(shuō)，

L: Oh, yes! I've played that game! By the time you come to the end of the circle the original sentence has been completely mangled.

M: Right! "John hates chocolate cookies" gets transformed into something like, "James likes monkey pudding."

S: Ok, I get your point. What you mean is that when information gets passed around, often times it becomes corrupted and incorrect, right?

M: Exactly. Also, I think there is a difference between office gossip and commenting on someone's private life.

Lisa 記得，小時(shí)候確實(shí)玩過(guò)這個(gè)游戲。一圈人，等傳到最后一個(gè)人，最開(kāi)始那句話，已經(jīng)徹底走樣了。她在這里用到的一個(gè)動(dòng)詞mangle is spelled m-a-n-g-l-e, mangle, 意思是被肢解，破壞得不像樣子。換句話說(shuō)，一件事一傳十，十傳百，是很難保證準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤的。Mary 還說(shuō)，她覺(jué)得，大家議論辦公室里發(fā)生的事情，跟討論別人的私生活也是有差別的。

Mary: If the boss was hard on you today and you tell your colleagues about it, well....maybe that's just part of office life. But Tom's private life is no concern of ours.

L: But people have been gossiping since the dawn of time! It's sort of a way for people to bond.

M: Yes, I understand that. But I worry about spreading personal attacks or revealing secrets about someone's private life.

L: You might be right. For one thing, the person we're talking about isn't here to defend himself, and that's not really fair. And like you mentioned, we don't even know if the story is true.

Mary說(shuō)，如果是老板對(duì)你過(guò)于嚴(yán)厲，if the boss was too hard on you. 你回來(lái)跟同事抱怨，這可能是辦公室生活很正常的內(nèi)容，但 Tom 的私生活 is no concern of ours. 完全不是我們應(yīng)該關(guān)心的范疇。Lisa覺(jué)得很有道理，而且，被議論的對(duì)象現(xiàn)在不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，所以無(wú)法為自己做出辯解，而且大家也并不知道傳聞是否屬實(shí)。 Sally 說(shuō)，

S: Those are good points. Tom is actually a really nice guy. I've worked with him for five years and he's always been a good friend.

L: For us, if Tom is a good co-worker that's all that really matters.

S: All right....I'm not going to discuss this rumor any further. Let's leave it alone.

L: Good idea.

M: I think we all hope Tom and his wife can work out any troubles they might be having. Let's wish them the best.

Sally跟Tom共事過(guò)五年，覺(jué)得Tom是個(gè)很好的人。Lisa說(shuō)，對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，Tom只要是個(gè)好同事就足夠了，其他都不重要。Sally保證，不再去議論Tom的事，Let's leave it alone. 不要再去管這些流言蜚語(yǔ)。Mary 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，希望Tom夫婦兩人能 work out any troubles they might be having. 妥善解決兩人之間的問(wèn)題。

A: 真是一點(diǎn)都沒(méi)錯(cuò)! 辦公室傳言有時(shí)候傳得都沒(méi)譜了! 比如上次吧，我跟小貝在討論一則新聞，說(shuō)是有個(gè)孕婦人工受孕成功了，第二天就有人問(wèn)她她是不是懷孕了! 什么跟什么呀!

B: Yeah, it must be that someone passed by and overheard part of the conversation, and they started to use their imagination....

A: Exactly. This kind of gossip is really counterproductive. 也不尊重人呀!

B: So it's better not to gossip and also stay away from those that do.

A: 沒(méi)錯(cuò)! 好了，這個(gè)話題就到這兒吧! 下面咱們?cè)賮?lái)學(xué)個(gè)詞兒!

Learn A Word 1683 literacy

今天我們要學(xué)的詞是 literacy, literacy is spelled l-i-t-e-r-a-c-y, literacy. Literacy 意思是讀寫(xiě)能力。McDonalds stores in the UK will replace the toys which come with its Happy Meals with books to boost child literacy. 英國(guó)的麥當(dāng)勞將把兒童套餐里的玩具換成書(shū)籍，幫助孩子們提高讀寫(xiě)能力。印度研究機(jī)構(gòu)的數(shù)字顯示，The Muslims have the lowest literacy rates among all religious communities in the country. 跟印度其他宗教的人相比，穆斯林的識(shí)字率最低。A new state law in Texas requires high schools to teach students about financial literacy. 美國(guó)德克薩斯州的一項(xiàng)新法律要求高中向?qū)W生傳授理財(cái)方面的知識(shí)。好的，今天我們學(xué)習(xí)的詞是 literacy, literacy, literacy....

A: Financial literacy! 這個(gè)我需要，這次報(bào)稅，我深刻體會(huì)到了我的金融文盲程度....

B: Haha, I'm not surprised! (A: what?) Kidding kidding. Yeah, paying taxes in America can be a real hassle. I never really understand any of those complicated forms...

A: I hope they can simplify the process and lay it on the line...

B: I don't think we will see that in our lifetime. But you just mentioned a very good term: lay it on the line. Let's listen to today's words and idioms and check it out!

Words and Idioms 822 LAY ON THE LINE

美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)第 822講

我先生的公司有一位資歷很深的工程師，一貫遲到早退，從來(lái)沒(méi)有人敢管，直到上個(gè)月，公司換了一個(gè)新老板，跟他談了一次話。從此以后，他再?zèng)]遲到過(guò)。很顯然，老板是明明白白地告訴他，要么準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)上班，要么就收拾東西走人。聽(tīng)了這個(gè)故事，今天我們要學(xué)的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)就不難理解了：

M: Lay it on the line. Lay is spelled l-a-y, and line; l-i-n-e. Lay-it-on-the-line. Lay it on the line.

Lay it on the line 這個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的意思是坦率地說(shuō)明。剛才例子里的公司老板，就是用這種法子根治了那個(gè)工程師遲到早退的壞習(xí)慣。He laid it on the line: if he came late again, he was going to be let go. 他說(shuō)得很明白，如果再發(fā)生遲到的情況，就會(huì)被炒魷魚(yú)。

下面這個(gè)例子里的教授，也不得不對(duì)一個(gè)叫 Cheryl 的學(xué)生采取同樣的手段。讓我們一起聽(tīng)聽(tīng)他是怎么說(shuō)的。

M: "I've been too easygoing with Cheryl. She continues to turn her essays in after the deadline. But now I'm going to LAY IT ON THE LINE. If she tries that again, she'll get an 'F' on her paper. Perhaps being firm and clear with her will get her to change."

這個(gè)教授說(shuō)，我對(duì) Cheryl 可能太遷就了。她還是等最后期限過(guò)了以后，才把文章交給我。現(xiàn)在我要跟她講清楚，如果再發(fā)生這種情況，我就給她不及格。也許只有我強(qiáng)硬一點(diǎn)，她才能改正。

有些人就是吃硬不吃軟。只有 Lay it on the line， 才會(huì)真正引起他們的重視。這倒讓我想起我們的市長(zhǎng)。我支持他的一個(gè)主要原因，就是因?yàn)樗麑?duì)選民的坦率。他知道，要治理經(jīng)濟(jì)需要做出一些艱難的選擇，比如說(shuō)要增加稅收。他沒(méi)有象其他政客那樣，躲避這些選擇，He laid it on the line. 他坦率地把一切告訴民眾，從而贏得了大家的信任和支持。好的，讓我們?cè)賮?lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)上面那段話。

M: "I've been too easygoing with Cheryl. She continues to turn her essays in after the deadline. But now I'm going to LAY IT ON THE LINE. If she tries that again, she'll get an 'F' on her paper. Perhaps being firm and clear with her will get her to change."

直截了當(dāng)，不繞彎子是很多教練的風(fēng)格。讓我們聽(tīng)聽(tīng)下面這個(gè)乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員對(duì)自己教練的評(píng)價(jià)。

M: "Our table tennis coach has never been subtle about criticizing our performance. When we're not playing well, she LAYS IT ON THE LINE. Not everyone on the team appreciates her complete honesty, but I think it'll help us be more competitive.

這個(gè)隊(duì)員說(shuō)，教練在批判我們表現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，從來(lái)不會(huì)拐彎抹角。我們打得不好的時(shí)候，她一定會(huì)告訴我們。隊(duì)里有些人并不喜歡她的這種坦率，可我卻認(rèn)為，這種風(fēng)格能增加我們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

乒乓球在美國(guó)并不普及，沒(méi)有多少人喜歡玩，美國(guó)很多還不錯(cuò)的乒乓球選手其實(shí)都是從中國(guó)來(lái)的。我覺(jué)得，美國(guó)要想培養(yǎng)更多本土的乒乓好手，首先要讓年輕人產(chǎn)生興趣。比如說(shuō)，可以組織乒乓球夏令營(yíng)啊?，F(xiàn)在的夏令營(yíng)種類(lèi)多得讓人眼花繚亂，既然模特夏令營(yíng)都能有市場(chǎng)，為什么不能辦個(gè)乒乓球的夏令營(yíng)呢!雖然組織者們知道，參加模特夏令營(yíng)的孩子們幾乎不會(huì)有人真正進(jìn)入模特的領(lǐng)域，但是 They rarely LAID IT ON THR LINE. 他們才不會(huì)明說(shuō)呢。好，我們?cè)俾?tīng)一下上面的例句。

M: "Our table tennis coach has never been subtle about criticizing our performance. When we're not playing well, she LAYS IT ON THE LINE. Not everyone on the team appreciates her complete honesty, but I think it'll help us be more competitive.

你肯定想知道這個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的出處。I have to LAY IT ON THE LINE with you. 說(shuō)實(shí)話，除了這個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)是從二十世紀(jì)二十年代開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)的以外，我還真沒(méi)找到它的來(lái)源。好的，這次美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)就到此結(jié)束了。

M: Until next time.

下次節(jié)目再見(jiàn)。

M: This has been Words and Idioms.

A: Mike, I have to lay it on the line with you, That shirt and tie combination is making me physically sick!

B:Give it time, I promise it will grow on you!

A: You mean like mold on a tree?! 好了同學(xué)們，這次節(jié)目時(shí)間就到這里了。

B: Tune in next time for American English Mosaic!

A: See you next time!