Hello不夠用？世界各國打招呼方式學(xué)起來

　　當(dāng)對方是一個西班牙女孩、比利時的長者或是德國漢堡市的本土，你知道如何同他們打招呼嗎?在不同文化間的寒暄相互沖擊時什么會發(fā)生呢?與人交往時如若多了跨文化的種種復(fù)雜，我們便進(jìn)入了禮儀“雷區(qū)”，危機(jī)重重。接下來我們一起簡單瀏覽下我們應(yīng)當(dāng)注意到的幾個文化準(zhǔn)則吧!

　　第一站：西班牙

　　In Spain men and women greet others with two kisses, delivered from left to right, often taking hold of a shoulder while doing so. Shaking hands isn’t something the Spanish are keen on – “you might be contagious!”

　　在西班牙無論男士還是女士，他們均以兩個吻互相問候(先親吻左臉，而后親右臉)，且行親吻禮時通常會扶住對方的肩膀。握手在西班牙卻并不盛行——因?yàn)槟憧赡軒Ц腥拘圆《?

　　The weather and fútbol are considered small talk staples, but I found the most common intro when unexpectedly encountering an acquaintance in the street was, ¿a dónde vas? - where are you going? An achingly simple, slightly interrogatory opener that launches one into moderately more purposeful small talk.

　　天氣與足球被認(rèn)為是西班牙的典型的閑談話題，不過我發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人們在大街上與熟人不期而遇時，西班牙人最常用的介紹語卻是¿a dónde vas?(你去哪呀?)這個異常簡明又略帶質(zhì)詢語氣的開場白使人們展開目的性較之稍強(qiáng)的閑聊。

　　第二站：意大利

　　“Ciao” reigns supreme in Italy. Regardless whether you meet someone during the day, night, or whether you’re saying hello or goodbye (one-word-fluency!). [/cn]

　　第三站：保加利亞

　　[en]If you’re a creature of habit, stick to holidays in Bulgaria - they also kiss from left to right, although they have the odd custom of using different languages for simple exchanges; the Italian ciao to say goodbye and the French merci for thank you, for example.

　　如果你屬于循規(guī)蹈矩之人，一定要去保加利亞度假，因?yàn)樗麄円矎淖笾劣倚杏H吻禮。不過他們有個奇怪的習(xí)俗——在簡單的交流中使用不同語種，像是道別時說意大利語ciao，致謝時用法語merci。

　　第四站：德國

　　Greetings often depend on where exactly you are in Germany. In the north you’ll be greeted with amoin moin while in the south you may be on the receiving end of a servus. A hallo or a guten Tag will get you started everywhere, however.

　　在德國，人們之間的問候通常取決于你具體所處的方位。你若在德國北部，那么就會用amoin moin與人問候;如若你在德國南部，那就可能會聽到servus這樣的問候。然而無論你在德國哪兒，都能以hallo或guten Tag問候他人。

　　Young people often greet one another with a hug, but in large groups a simple nod of the head and a hallo zusammen (hello together)suffices. Interestingly, greetings remain stubbornly conventional within traditional companies with employees greeting one another formally with a firm shake of the hand and addressing one another by title and surname; guten Tag Herr Wowereit.

　　德國的年輕人經(jīng)常擁抱對方聊表問候，但是在人數(shù)眾多的場合中，簡單地點(diǎn)頭示意，并說上一句hallo zusammen(大家好)就足夠了。有趣的是，傳統(tǒng)德國公司員工間的問候方式仍沿襲傳統(tǒng)，相當(dāng)正式。他們會有力地握握手，并以職位和姓氏互相稱呼，例如 guten Tag Herr Wowereit。

　　第五站：奧地利

　　In Austria one greets with a servus, and they’re very attentive to titles (so pay attention, Doctor Doe). Women often say hello with two kisses, one on each cheek and always starting on the right and then moving to the left (they border Italy, after all). Men will normally shake hands.

　　奧地利人用servus互相打招呼，他們尤為注重職稱，所以稱呼Doctor Doe的時候注意他的職位。女士通常以兩個吻問好，每個臉頰上各落一個吻，而且通常從右臉頰親至左臉頰(畢竟奧地利毗鄰意大利。)男士則通常握手問好。

　　第六站：法國

　　In France people greet with a bonjour or the more informal salut. And if you thought the formalities of kissing were somewhat novel, be prepared for the bise, planting up to four kisses on the cheeks of the French. The number is dependent upon region, so you’ll need to brush up on some local knowledge before mingling with the haute société. Pay strict attention to the formal vous form for older people and strangers.

　　法國人以bonjour ，或是更加隨意的salut問好。如果你認(rèn)為親吻展現(xiàn)的正式有點(diǎn)新奇，那準(zhǔn)備好于法國凜冽的北風(fēng)中，在法國人的臉頰上印上4個吻吧。親吻的個數(shù)由地區(qū)而定，因此在與法國上層社會的人打交道前，你得重拾一些對當(dāng)?shù)氐牧私狻Ｏ蜷L者和陌生人打招呼時，要特別注意使用正式的vous來稱呼對方。

　　第七站：巴西

　　Incidentally, Brazilians haven’t agreed on the number of kisses either, but numbers vary less dramatically between one and three. Further to the well-known tudo bem?, greetings include the joyously concise oi and e ai. Romanians, like their Bulgarian neighbors, sometimes add a touch of continental flair to their informal greetings with a salut! salut! or a servus for hello.

　　巧的是，巴西人間問候的親吻數(shù)亦是不定的，不過變化的小些，從1個至3個不等。除去眾所周知的 tudo bem?(你好嗎?)，巴西人打招呼的方式包括愉悅且簡短的oi和e ai。同他們的鄰居保加利亞人一樣，羅馬尼亞人有時會在他們非正式的問候中添上一些大陸的風(fēng)格，像是salut!salut!或是servus。

　　第八站：日本

　　If all of the above greetings are too touchy-feely for you, you’ll find respite in Japan where the standard gesture is a reverential bow. No physical contact required. If a handshake does occur, make sure to still lower your gaze as a sign of respect to the other person. Small talk can be about anything, but make sure to save it until after work.

　　如果以上這些問候方式對你來說太親昵，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)日本人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的問候姿態(tài)是充滿敬意的鞠躬。不需要任何肢體接觸。如果確實(shí)要握手了，確保仍要壓低目光，以示你對對方的尊重。閑談可以圍繞任何事情展開，可要保證等到下班后才能閑談。

　　第九站：瑞典

　　In Sweden one greets with a hej or a longer heeeeej if you’re particularly pleased to see whoever has just entered audible territory. And then you speak about the weather and Eurovision.

　　瑞典的人們以hej問好，如果你特別樂意看見那人，那么會用更長的heeeej問好。隨后你們討論的話題是天氣和歐洲電視。

　　And so it would seem that even faced with the normalizing powers of globalization, there is no such thing as a simple hello. The dissolution of distinct gradations of formality where certain behaviors are prudent is a common trend, but knowing each country’s etiquette is the first step to navigating this little gauntlet of intercultural communication.

　　這么看來，即使是面對全球化正常化的力量，也沒有一個簡單的打招呼方式。一些行為做起來要慎重，而此正式的明顯差異漸漸消失是一個大趨勢，不過知曉每個國家的禮儀是你應(yīng)對跨文化交流這一小小挑戰(zhàn)的第一步。