2018年公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)閱讀理解模擬題（8）

　　Directions:

　　Read the following three texts. Answer thequestions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.

　　When Amber Post started graduate school inphysics at Princeton, her goal was the same as her male colleagues' : ateaching post at a major university. Now with her Ph.D. just a year away, Postis thinking instead about working for a policymaking agency in Washington.Although Princeton, with Shirley Tilghman as the president, is welcoming tofemale scientists, Post senses that her re- ception in the larger academicworld might be chillier. At famous universities, the percentage of women earningdoctor's degrees in science and engineering is considerably higher than thepercent- age of women professors--whi.ch means that a lot of talented women Ph.D. s like Post leave cam- pus for jobs in government or industry instead ofclimbing the teaching ladder.

　　Stopping this female brain drain has been achallenge for years. At a recent academic confer- ence, Harvard presidentLawrence Summers suggested that women aren't succeeding because they lackability in math and science by nature. His comments drew immediate criticism.Indeed, scien- tists have uncovered some differences in male and female brains,but it's unclear how these differ- ences affect talent.

　　Summers proposed two other possible problemsfor women:the conflict between work and life, and absolute prejudice againstwomen( which he seemed to dismiss). Many women scientists blame these twoproblems for the lack of women professors. Junior teachers need to spend their20s and 30s on research and publication. Those are the same years when women havechildren. Time is an enemy for women in other professions, especially law andmedicine. But while women doctors and lawyers benefit from lots of successfulrole models, academic science continues to belong to men chiefly. "Theatmosphere isn't compelling or welcoming, "Post says. "Too many of myfemale friends drop out of graduate programs simply because the environment isdisappointing, not because they can't handle the math. "

　　Even against this background, there has beensome progress. More universities are pushing hard with stepped-up recruitmentefforts and trying hard to assist staff members with young families. Butultimately, the best remedy against prejudice would be more women on top,like Princeton's Tilghman.

　　46. Amber Post is thinking about a job ingovernment because __

　　A.it isthe usual goal of the Ph.D. students at Princeton

　　B she is doubtful about her future inthe academic world

　　C.it isdifficult to get a teaching post at major universities

　　D.shefears that she may not graduate with a Ph. D. degree

　　47. According to the text, the gap inpercentage between women Ph.D. s and women professors indicates that

　　A.universities lack competitiveness in the recruitment market

　　B.a lotof women professors have chosen to leave universities

　　C.few womenPh. D. s are qualified for the competitive campus

　　D.universitiesare faced with the problem of female brain drain

　　48. According to the writer, Summers'comments on women's ability seem to be based on

　　A. hisown attitude towards women scientists 　　B.hisrecent study on women's weaknesses

　　C. the latest findings about human brains　　D.the conventional opinion about talents

　　49. We can infer that the most seriousproblem of women teachers is

　　A. theirconflict with male colleagues　　B. thetrouble in balancing work and life

　　C.theircooperation with male colleagues 　　D.thedifficulty in their career advancement

　　50. The best solution to the female braindrain in universities is to

　　A. create more academic posts for women　　B. offerhelp to women with young children

　　C.dismissthose with prejudice against women　　D. promote more women to leadershippositions

　　參考譯文

　　凱倫和肯·穆林這對(duì)年輕夫婦居住在克利夫蘭，兩人都上班，家里有50本烹飪書(shū)和2個(gè)設(shè)備齊全的廚房。但是他們很少做飯;取而代之的是，他們通常會(huì)在下班回家的路上去超市，挑選兩份肉糜糕和一罐速食土豆。“我的工作，”卡倫說(shuō)道，“就是把沙拉從袋子里倒出來(lái)。”

　　在第一份冷凍快餐出現(xiàn)半個(gè)世紀(jì)之后，食品產(chǎn)業(yè)正在實(shí)現(xiàn)它長(zhǎng)久追求的夢(mèng)想，讓更多像穆林夫婦這樣的人最終從在家做飯這樣毫無(wú)報(bào)酬的勞動(dòng)中解放出來(lái)，并且最有利可圖的方式就是將奶牛變成肉糜糕。在美國(guó)，廚房里的桌子漸漸不再用來(lái)切菜或削皮，而是供需要把外帶食品放進(jìn)盤(pán)子里，或是連放盤(pán)子里都嫌麻煩的人使用。據(jù)極有影響力的食品業(yè)調(diào)查員哈利·鮑爾澤說(shuō)，在過(guò)去的十年中，美國(guó)居民從柜臺(tái)買(mǎi)來(lái)的外帶食物增長(zhǎng)了24%。“過(guò)去我們認(rèn)為微波爐是烹飪?cè)O(shè)備，”哈利·鮑爾澤說(shuō)道，“但是現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)它可以熱披薩。”

　　整個(gè)美國(guó)的商業(yè)模式都改變了。超市外帶柜臺(tái)從前是放賣(mài)不出去的裹著醬汁的雞肉的地方，現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越像高端公司的自助餐廳，那里有壽司吧和小炒站。

　　一位心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為向健康飲食發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)對(duì)比是有責(zé)任的：美國(guó)人終于知道吃炸雞不好，所以他們?cè)诩页?，這樣沒(méi)人能看得到。

　　當(dāng)然，有些人不愿意在家做飯，比如芝加哥的單身漢史蒂夫·川克希勒，他是劇場(chǎng)制作人，他的冰箱里只有些橘子汁、葡萄酒和剩菜。

　　有些人一定在用那些烹飪書(shū)，對(duì)吧?“人們沒(méi)有時(shí)間做飯;我想他們都在床上閱讀烹飪書(shū)。”烹飪書(shū)作者洛克薩妮·戈?duì)柕抡f(shuō)道。

　　這不僅僅是時(shí)間的問(wèn)題。在某種程度上，像壽司這類(lèi)食品的流行加速了外帶食品的流行，在這些食品中，有一些甚至是連膽大的美國(guó)廚師都不敢在家中嘗試做的。外帶食品還滿(mǎn)足了人們的另一項(xiàng)需求，就是可以感受在家中烹飪的氣氛。

　　參考答案及解析

　　46.D【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Yet they rarely...instead，on their way home from work they usually stop at a supermarket andchoose two portions of meat loaf and a container of ready—to—serve potatoes.”可知，“但是他們很少做飯;取而代之的是，他們通常會(huì)在下班回家的路上去超市，挑選兩份肉糜卷和一罐速食土豆。”由此可知，穆林夫婦經(jīng)常在家吃外帶食物。故選D。

　　47.C【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“A half-century...the food industryis approaching its long—sought dream of relieving people like the Mullins of unpaid labor in the final，and arguably most profitable，step by which a cow getsturned into meat loaf.”可知，食品產(chǎn)業(yè)長(zhǎng)久追求的夢(mèng)想，是向人們提供快餐，使人們不用進(jìn)行沒(méi)有報(bào)酬的勞動(dòng)，比如做飯。故選C。

　　48.C【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“In-creasingly,tables in America’s kitchens are used not for cutting or peeling but for putting takeout food onto plates.For those who ever bother with plates.”可知，“在美國(guó)，廚房里的桌子漸漸不再用來(lái)切菜或削皮，而是供需要把外帶食品放進(jìn)盤(pán)子里，或是連放盤(pán)子里都嫌麻煩的人使用。”由此可知，有些人可能連盤(pán)子都不使用。故選C。

　　49.A 【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Super-market takeout counters，formerly a place where unsold chickens were coated with sauce，increasingly resemble high-end corporate cafeterias.with sushi bars andstir.frystations.”可知，“超市外帶柜臺(tái)從前是放賣(mài)不出去的裹著醬汁的雞肉的地方，現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越像高端公司的自助餐廳，那里有壽司吧和小炒站。”故選A。

　　50.C【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“And takeout fills another need as well，for the atmosphereof the home.cooked dinner.”可知，“外帶食品還滿(mǎn)足了人們的另一項(xiàng)需求，就是可以感受在家中烹飪的氣氛，”而且前文提到穆林夫婦不做飯，而是選擇把外帶食品帶回家加工然后一起吃飯。故選C。