六、介 詞
【中考鏈接】
China launched(發(fā)射)Shenzhou V successfully _________ the morning of Oct. 15, 2003.
A.from
B.on
C.a(chǎn)t
D.in
[答案]B
【解析】
此題考查介詞習(xí)慣用法。學(xué)生會(huì)根據(jù)in the morning是固定搭配,表示在上午,錯(cuò)誤地選D。但本題中of Oct. 15, 2003是來(lái)修飾morning的。當(dāng)表達(dá)具體某一天的上午時(shí)應(yīng)該用介詞on,故選擇B。
【中考考點(diǎn)】
考查介詞習(xí)慣用法。
【易錯(cuò)提醒】
學(xué)生可能會(huì)受短語(yǔ)in the morning是固定搭配的影響而錯(cuò)選D。
【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】
1.幾組易混淆的介詞
1)in, after(在……之后)
in +一段時(shí)間(用于一般將來(lái)時(shí))(表示從現(xiàn)在起往后推算一段時(shí)間)
after +一段時(shí)間(用于一般過(guò)去時(shí))(表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)間往后推算一段時(shí)間)
after +一點(diǎn)時(shí)間(常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí))
The baby stopped crying after half an hour.(半小時(shí)后,嬰兒停止哭。)
The baby will stop crying in half an hour.(嬰兒將在半小時(shí)后停止哭。)
They will visit their teacher after Friday.(他們將在星期五后,訪問(wèn)他們的老師。)
2)for, since
for +一段時(shí)間
since +過(guò)去的一點(diǎn)時(shí)間
這兩者均用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
3)be made of, be made in, be made by somebody
be made of(用……制成)
be made in(由某地制造)
be made by somebody(由某人制作)
4)in,on,at 表時(shí)間
in表示“在某月(季節(jié)、年等)”
固定詞組:in the morning, in a week, in a minute, in time, in the end用于指具體的某一天或?qū)V改骋惶焐衔?、下午或晚上等?
表示某一天或日期用 on,如:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16。
at用于具體時(shí)刻前和某些固定詞組中。
用于具體時(shí)刻前,如:at seven (eight…)
固定詞組:at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time。
注意:在表示時(shí)間里,下列情況下一般不用介詞。詞組里有:next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow前不用介詞。如:不能說(shuō)in tomorrow,只能說(shuō)tomorrow(在明天)。
5)except, besides
except +賓格/doing something “除……之外”(不包括本身,表示從總體中排除一部分。)
Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)=Only Lin Tao isn't at school today.(今天除林濤每人都在學(xué)校。)
besides表示“除了一部分還有另一部分”。
The cowboy movie also interested me besides a carton.(除我對(duì)卡通電影感興趣,我也對(duì)牛仔電影感興趣。)
6)by, in
“用”交通工具 by plane, by bus, by train
“用”語(yǔ)言 in English (say sth. in English, talk sth. in English…)
通過(guò)媒介 on /over the telephone, on/over the radio, on TV
“用”工具手段 with a pen, with one's hands
7)between, among
between“在……和……(兩者)之間” between… and… ; among“在……之間(三者或三者以上)”
8)in, to, on
與表示方向的名詞合用時(shí),in表示在區(qū)域范圍內(nèi),to表示在區(qū)域范圍之外,而on表示與另一區(qū)域接界。如:
The town lies in the east of Japan.(這個(gè)城填在日本東部。)
The town lies to the south of the village.(這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)在村莊南面。)
Mexico lies on the south of America.(墨西哥在美國(guó)南面。)
9)across, through, cross
across和through都是介詞。表示“穿過(guò)”,但兩者有區(qū)別。across與on有關(guān),表示動(dòng)作在物體的表面進(jìn)行,從一邊到另一邊。through與in有關(guān),表示動(dòng)作從物體中間穿過(guò)。如:
walk across the street(過(guò)馬路)
through the pipe(穿過(guò)管道)
run through the forest(穿過(guò)森林)
cross是動(dòng)詞,如:
cross the road(穿過(guò)馬路)
10)before, in front of, in the front of
before表示順序,意為“在……之前”。in front of表示位置,意為“在某一事物前面”。in the front of表示“在……前部”。如:
Pride goes before a fall.(驕者必?cái)?。?
There is a tree in front of the room.(房間前有一棵樹(shù)。)
Tom sat in the front of the theatre.(湯姆坐在劇場(chǎng)前面的座位。)
2.常用介詞詞組:
after school(放學(xué)后)
agree with(同意某人的意見(jiàn))
arrive in/at(到達(dá)某地)
be angry with(生某人的氣)
be bad for(有害于)
be born in/on/with(出生于)
be busy with/doing sth.(忙于做某事)
be careful with(小心)
at once(立刻;馬上)
at present(現(xiàn)在,目前)
at the moment(此刻,目前)
at the same time(同時(shí))
at work(在工作)
at/on weekends(在周末)
be covered with(被……覆蓋)
be different from(與……不同)
be familar with(對(duì)……熟悉)(主語(yǔ)是人)
be familar to(對(duì)……熟悉)(主語(yǔ)是物)
be famous for(以……而著名)
be fond of(愛(ài)好)
be full of(充滿)
be good/poor at(擅長(zhǎng)于/不擅長(zhǎng)于)
be interested in(對(duì)……感興趣)
be late for(遲到)
be made of(由……制成)
be made up of(由……組成)
be on(上演,上映)
be pleased with(對(duì)……滿意)
be proud of(為……而感到自豪)
be located in/on/at(位于)
be ready for/ prepare for(為……作準(zhǔn)備)
be used to sth/doing…(習(xí)慣于)
be worried about(為……而擔(dān)心)
because of(由于)
belong to(屬于)
break into(闖入;破門而入)
by air mail(寄航空郵件)
by bus(乘公共汽車)
by oneself(親自)
by telephone(打電話)
by the way(順便說(shuō);順便問(wèn)一下)
get back(返回)
get in(進(jìn)入;收集)
get in the way(擋道)
get off(下車)
get on(上車)
get rid of(擺脫)
get tired of(對(duì)……感到厭倦)
get to(到達(dá))
get up(起床)
give out(分發(fā))
give up(放棄)
throw away(扔掉)
tie up(捆綁)
to one's surprise(使某人驚奇的是)
try on(試穿)
turn down((把音量)調(diào)低)
turn into(變成)
turn off(關(guān)掉(電燈/電視/收音機(jī)))
turn on(開(kāi),旋開(kāi))
turn over(翻(車);翻(頁(yè))翻身)
up and down(上上下下)
wake up/wake sb. up(醒來(lái);叫 醒)
with great care(非常小心)
with one voice(異口 同聲)
with one's own eyes(親眼(目睹))
with pleasure(愉快地)
with the help of…(在……幫助下)
make friends with(與……交朋友)
make fun of(拿……開(kāi)玩笑)
of one's own(屬于某人自己的)
on foot(步行;走路)
on holiday(在休假)
in English(用英語(yǔ))
in fact(事實(shí)上;實(shí)際上)
in front of(在前面)
in hospital(住院)
in line(成一排;成一直線)
in no time(立刻)
in one's fifties(在某人五十多歲時(shí))
in one's opinion(根據(jù)某人的看法)
in order to/so as to(為了)
in return(作為回報(bào))
in surprise(驚奇地)
in the end(最后;終于)
in the future(在將來(lái))
in the middle of…(在……中間)
in the years to come(在即將來(lái)臨的幾年里)
in this way(這樣)
in time(及時(shí))
in trouble(處于困境)
instead of(代替;而不是)
【解題技巧】
學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)瀏覽四個(gè)選項(xiàng),斷定考核點(diǎn)。嘗試用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)及排除法結(jié)合的方法找到正確的答案。做出選擇前要理解句意,理清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。一定要背出固定搭配。
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