小升初英語(yǔ)基本語(yǔ)法與練習(xí)一 名詞

　　

　　知識(shí)要點(diǎn)

　　一、名詞的數(shù)

　　在英語(yǔ)中，名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。單數(shù)名詞表示一個(gè)可數(shù)事物。復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的可數(shù)事物。可數(shù)名詞可分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式：表示一個(gè)人或事物的名詞用單數(shù)形式，在使用時(shí)，前面一般加不定冠詞a或an，表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,一般是在詞干后附加詞尾s 或es,如：bags ,boxes.名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)具體規(guī)則如下：

　　1).規(guī)則變化

　?、僖话阍诿~后加s.如boy→boys, pen→pens等。

　?、谝詓, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的，在后面加es.如class→classes,但stomach的復(fù)數(shù)為stomachs.

　?、?quot;以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的，y變?yōu)閕，然后再加es.如baby→babies.

　?、芤詅或fe結(jié)尾的名詞把f或fe改為v, 再加es. 如knife, half, leaf, wolf等。

　　⑤以o結(jié)尾的名詞，除tomato, potato等少數(shù)在后面加es外，一般是在后面直接加s.如kilo→kilos, photo→photos, zoo→zoos, radio→radios, piano→pianos, video→videos.

　　2).不規(guī)則變化

　?、?man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth,，child-children，mouse→mice

　?、?單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同如：sheep→sheep, deer→deer, Japanese→Japanese, Chinese→Chinese等。

　?、?有些名詞形式上是單數(shù)，實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)意義，通常被稱為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：people, police等。

　?、?由-man和-woman構(gòu)成的合成詞如：policeman→policemen, Englishman→Englishmen，Englishwoman-Englishwomen但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans.另外被man 或woman 修飾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，兩個(gè)名詞都要變。例：a man doctor →two men doctors

　　a woman teacher→some women teachers 但: apple tree→apple trees

　?、?有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：clothes, trousers, glasses, chopsticks等。

　?、迶?shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 常采用數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞形式，如a two-week holiday,

　　an 8-year old girl.另一種常見(jiàn)的形式有five minutes' walk, two days' leave等。

　　3)不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)形式，要表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，可用以下兩種方法。

　?、儆胢uch, a little, a lot of /lots of some, any等修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：

　　The rich man has a lot of money.

　　②可用表單位的詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞， 如：a piece of paper, two pieces of paper,

　　a bottle of orange, a glass of milk, three bags of rice。

　　二、名詞的格

　　1)表示有生命的東西(人或動(dòng)物)的名詞所有格一般在名詞后加's .如：my father's study以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格只在名詞后加' 如： the teachers' reading room 教師閱覽室;不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格要加's.如：the women's shoes 女式鞋子。如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有，則只在后一個(gè)名詞的后面加's。如果不是共有的，則兩個(gè)名詞之后都要加's .如：Jane and Helen's room 珍妮和海倫的房間(共有)Bill's and Tom's radios 比爾的收音機(jī)和湯姆的收音機(jī)(不共有)

　　2)表示無(wú)生命的東西，一般用 of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：a map of China

　　練習(xí)：

　　I.寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　1.watch ____________ 11.strawberry _______________

　　2.child _____________ 12.thief ____________________

　　3. photo ____________ 13.girl student_______________

　　4.diary ____________ 14.man doctor_______________

　　5.day______________ 15.woman nurse_____________

　　6.foot______________ 16.pear tree_________________

　　7.book____________ 17. peach____________________

　　8.dress ____________ 18. box______________________

　　9.tooth____________ 19. baby____________________

　　10. deer___________ 20. German__________________

　　II. 翻譯下列詞組。

　　1.一些桃子 _____________________ 10.我的自行車________________

　　2.五袋大米______________________ 11.教師節(jié) ________________

　　3.八只腳 _____________________ 12.三八婦女節(jié)________________

　　4.二十顆牙齒____________________ 13. 二張紙 ________________

　　5.三瓶果汁 _____________________ 14.四個(gè)男醫(yī)生________________

　　6.四十個(gè)女警察__________________ 15.七顆梨樹(shù) ________________

　　7.十二把小刀____________________ 16.一副世界地圖______________

　　8.九個(gè)德國(guó)人____________________ 17.Helen的朋友

　　9.許多孩子 _____________________ 18.雙胞胎的媽媽______________

　　III. 按要求改寫下列句子。

　　1. There is an orange tree in the garden.(改為復(fù)數(shù)句)

　　____________________________________________________

　　2. She is a good teacher. (改為復(fù)數(shù)句)

　　____________________________________________________

　　3. I have some interesting story books. (改為單數(shù)句)

　　____________________________________________________

　　4. There are some women teachers over there. (改為單數(shù)句)

　　_____________________________________________________

　　5. -What is it? -It's a box. (改為復(fù)數(shù)句)

　　_____________________________________________________

　　IV. 單項(xiàng)選擇。

　　( )1.Mr Smith is _______father. They are twin sisters.

　　A. Mary 's and John's B. Mary's and John C. Mary and John's

　　( )2.She needs ___________________.

　　A. a glass water B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters

　　( )3.There are five______ in our school.

　　A. woman teacher B woman teachers C. women teachers

　　( )4.There are many _______ in the fridge.

　　A. food B.bread C. vegetables

　　( )5.I'm thirsty. I think I'll buy some______.

　　A. water B. eggs C. cakes

　　( ) 6.John bought ___ for himself yesterday.

　　A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoe

　　( )7. -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -I'd like____. !

　　A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken

　　( )8. There are five ___in our factory.

　　A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers

　　( )9. The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____.

　　A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk

　　C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minutes walk

　　( ) 10. _____ turn yellow in autumn.

　　A. Leaf B. Leaves C. Leave D. Leafs

　　( ) 11. Will you please show me the way to the _____ shop?

　　A. shoe B. shoes' C. shoes D. shoe's

　　( )12. _____ hard work it is!

　　A. What a B. How C. What D. How a

　　( )13. His family _____ a happy one.

　　A. be B. are C. is D. was

　　( ) 14. I met two _____ in the street yesterday morning.

　　A. German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese

　　( ) 15. My grandparents like _____ very much, so they grow some in their _____ garden every year.

　　A. vegetable, vegetable B. vegetable, vegetables

　　B. C. vegetables, vegetables D. vegetables, vegetable

　　V.用所給單詞的正確形式填空。

　　1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?

　　2. There is some________(food) in the basket.

　　3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.

　　4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.

　　5. There are five________(people ) in his family.

　　6. Let's take________(photo), OK?

　　7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.

　　8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.

　　9. Their________(dictionary) look new.

　　11. There are many________(fox) in the picture.

　　12.Different people may have different _______(idea).

　　13.Would you like some ________(tomato)?

　　14. Jim has some ____________(knife).

　　15. The girl under the tree is a friend of _______(Lucy).