小升初英語基本語法與練習六 簡單句
知識要點
根據(jù)句子的結構，英語的句子可分為簡單句、并列句和復合句。簡單句的基本形式是由一個主語加一個謂語構成。其它各種句子形式都是由此句型發(fā)展而來。
1)簡單句的五種基本句型
1. 主語+謂語(不及物動詞) [S + V] 如：The children are playing happily.
2. 主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語 [S+V+O] 如：The Greens enjoy living in China.
3. 主語+謂語+表語 [S+V+P]
該句型謂語動詞為連系動詞。常見的系動詞有：be(是); get(變得), become(成為), turn(變得), look(看起來), feel(感到), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗起來), sound(聽起來), seem(似乎) 等The apple pie tastes really delicious.
4. 主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語 [S+V+InO+DO]
這種句型中的及物動詞后跟雙賓語，既指人的間接賓語和指物的直接賓語。也可以把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，但要加介詞for或to。如：
?、?My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me.
② I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him.
5. 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語 [S+V+O+OC] We must keep our school clean.
練習：
用五個英語的基本句型各造3個英語句子
1.[S + V]
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2. [S+V+O]
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3.[S+V+P ________________________________________________________________
4.[S+V+InO+DO] ________________________________________________________________
5.[S+V+O+OC]
________________________________________________________________
2)一般疑問句
一般疑問句對全句提出疑問，用yes或no回答。其結構為：be動詞(is, am, was, were)或情態(tài)動詞(can, will, shall)或助動詞(do, does, did)+主語+其他?通常譯為"...嗎?"如：Are you a student? Can you sing an English song? Did they watch TV last night?
練習：
I. 將下列句子改為一般疑問句。1-4句作肯定回答，5-8句作否定回答。
1. My sister is older than Mary.
____________________________________________________________
2. They like collecting leaves.
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3. Mr Green was here yesterday.
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4. We took lots of pictures last week.
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5. Jim does well in English.
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6. She can sing and dance.
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7. There are some sheep on the hill.
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II.根據(jù)所給答語，選擇相應的問句。
( )1.Yes, I do. A. Is it time to have a lesson?
( )2. No, you can't. B. Do you often go to the supermarket ?
( )3. No, she isn't. C. Are their friends from different countries?
( )4. Yes, they are. D. Is Nancy a Japanese girl?
( )5. No, it's time to have a rest. E. Can I play the piano now?
( )6. No, he didn't. F. Did Sam run faster than Tom three years ago?
III. 根據(jù)實際情況回答問題。
1. Are you a student?
________________________________________
2. Is your mum a nurse?
________________________________________
3. Do you like English?
________________________________________
4. Are there any Japanese students in your school?
________________________________________
5. Would you like some apples?
________________________________________
知識要點
3)特殊疑問句
特殊疑問句由特殊疑問詞引導，針對句子中的某一個具體部分提問，要求作具體回答。特殊疑問句的結構一般是：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句語序?我們所用的"對劃線部分提問"的題目就是將陳述句轉變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧洹?/p>
練習：
對下列句中畫線部分內容提問。
1. Her uncle is John.
________________________________________________.
2. Her uncle's name is John.
________________________________________________.
3. They go to school at about 7:00 every morning.
_______________________________________________.
4. My father is a driver.
_______________________________________________.
5. They are going to fly kites in the park.
_______________________________________________.
6. It's about four kilometers away from here.
_______________________________________________.
7. My father is cleaning the car.
_______________________________________________.
8. The woman in the car is my aunt.
_______________________________________________.
