不定代詞指的是不確定的,非特指的代詞。不定代詞包括some,any,no,both,all,either,neither等和由some,any,no與one,body,thing構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞,如:someone,anybody,nothing等。
(一)some,any,no
1.some表示,“一些”,“一點兒”等的意思,通常用在肯定句中,any用于否定句中
2.any和some用于問句中,一般情況下,問句中用any
Is there any water in the bottle?瓶子里有水嗎?
Are you going to buy any books?你打算去買書嗎?
Have you got any money?你有錢嗎?
Tips:
Some也可以用于疑問句中,表示請求、建議、命令、邀請并期望得到肯定的答復。
1.我們在請某人喝東西時,通常用some(不用any),
Would you like some coffee with sugar?你想喝點加糖的咖啡嗎?(表明說話者的禮貌和肯定語氣)
2.當我們提出請求,并希望得到肯定的答復時,通常用some(不用any)
Can I have some water?我可以喝點水嗎?
3.no表示not any或not a
I have got no money .(=haven't got any money)
There is no water in the bottle.(=not any water)
There is no swimming pool in our school.(=not a swimming pool)
4.some,any,no和one,body,thing構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing用法分別與some,any,no的用法相同
I have something interesting to tell you.我有些有趣的事要告訴你。
Oh,there's something in my eye.哦,我眼睛里有東西了。
Listen! Someone is coming.聽,有人來了。
There isn't anything in my pocket.It's empty.我口袋里什么也沒有,是空的。
She didn't say anything .她什么都沒說。
Anybody can do it.任何人都可以做這件事。
(二)both,either,neither
1.both表示“兩者都”,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。either表示“兩人或兩物中任何一個”,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。neither與both意思相反,表示“兩者都不”,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式
Bonnie has two children. Both are boys.(=two children)波尼有兩個孩子,都是男孩。
Would you like chicken salad or fruit salad?You can have either.
(=chicken salad or fruit salad)你要雞肉色拉還是水果色拉?你可以任選一個。
—Do you want to go to the park or the zoo?
— Neither. I want to go to the cinema.(=not the park or the zoo)
你要去公園還是動物園?兩個都不去。我要去看電影。
2.both/either/neither后接名詞單復數(shù)情況如下:
Tips:
both后只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),或在可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)之間加the,my,your。
both teachers 兩個老師都
both the teachers 這兩位老師都
both my English books 我的兩本英語書都
(三)every,all
1.every指“每一個”,指“整體之中的每一個”,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式
all表示“兩者以上都”,后接復數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式,如后接不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式
Every student in the class has a kite.這個班每位學生都有一個風箏。
All of them are going to the park this Sunday.這星期天,他們都準備去公園。
All the students were there.所有的學生都在那里。
2.every day 指每一天,all day是指一整天
Every day my mother gets up early.我媽每天早起。
The weather was bad yesterday.It rained all day .昨天天氣不好,下了一整天的雨。
Tips:
all后可直接加不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù),也可在all與名詞之間加the,my,your,this,that,these,those等。
all the students 所有的學生 all students 所有的學生
all money 所有的錢 all the money 所有的錢
(四)everybody和everyone每個人,everything每件事情,everywhere每處
Everybody (or everyone) needs learning.(=all people)每個人都需要學習。
Where is my key?I've looked for it everywhere. (=all the places)我的鑰匙在哪兒?我每個地方都找過了。
(五)a lot of,many,much
a lot of,many和much都有“許多、大量”的意思,a lot of后面可以接可數(shù)名詞,也可以接不可數(shù)名詞,如:a lot of books,a lot of time,a lot of water,etc.。many后接可數(shù)名詞,如:many books,many questions,many shops,etc.。 much后接不可數(shù)名詞,如:much time,much water,much milk,etc.
There is a lot of water in the bottle.瓶里有許多水。
There are a lot of people on the street.街上有許多人。
Have you got many books?你有許多書嗎?
How many people are there in your family?你家里有幾個人?
Do you drink much coffee every day?你每天喝大量咖啡嗎?
(六)(a)little,(a)few
1.a little和a few表示“少數(shù),少量”
a little后接不可數(shù)名詞,如:a little salt/sugar/honey/time
a few后接可數(shù)名詞。如:a few potatoes/days/books
Put a few cups of flour into a mixing bowl.(=some cups but not many cups)把幾杯面粉放進攪拌碗里。
Add a little sugar.(=some sugar but not much)加一點糖。
I speak a little English.(=some English but not much)我講一點英語。
Are there any shops around your home?Yes, a few .(=some shops)你家周圍有商店嗎?是的,有一些。
I have got a few friends here.I'm happy.(=some friends)我這兒有些朋友,我很高興。
2.little和few 都有“幾乎沒有”的意思。little后接不可數(shù)名詞,few后接可數(shù)名詞
There is little milk in the box.It's nearly empty.(=nearly nothing)盒子里幾乎沒有牛奶了,盒子幾乎空了。
I have got few friends.I'm lonely.(=nearly no friends)我?guī)缀鯖]有朋友,我很孤獨。
Tips:
1.我們在請某人喝東西時,通常用some(不用any)。
如:—Would you like some coffee?—Yes,please.
2.當我們提出請求,并希望得到肯定的答復時,通常用some(不用any)。
如:—Can I have some water?—Yes.
Exercises
3.11 Read and circle (請將正確的不定代詞填入空格內(nèi))
1.There's ____ sugar in your coffee.(not,no)
2.There aren't ____ pictures on the wall.(some,any)
3.Are you going to the library or the museum?____.I want to stay at home.I have to do my homework.(Both,Either,Neither)
4.Look!____ pockets are empty.(Both,Either,Neither)
5.Jill gets up at seven ____ morning.(every,all)
6.I'm not going out tomorrow.I'll be at home ____.(every day,all day)
7.There's ____ to eat.The fridge is empty.(something,anything,nothing)
8.Would you like some water?Yes,____.(a little,a few)
3.12 Read and complete (選擇方框內(nèi)的單詞完成句子)
1. something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody
—There's ____ wrong with my computer.
—I'm sorry.I can't help you.I don't know ____ about it.
—Do you know ____ who can help me?
—Maybe you can use Baidu.I'm sure you can find ____.
2. some,any,a little,a few
—Look,Mum.Can I have ____ chocolate?
—You had ____ sweets last week.
—But I didn't have____ chocolate.
—OK.