用一個句子作定語,這個句子就叫定語從句。定語從句通常緊靠在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。定語從句相當于一個形容詞,用來修飾名詞、代詞或句子。
1.非限制性定語從句用which不用that
當關系代詞引導非限制性定語從句,且先行詞指物時,通常要用which而不用that引導定語從句。如:
Football,which is a very interesting game ,is played all over the world.足球是很有趣的運動項目,世界各國人民都踢足球。
He has to work on Sundays,which he doesn't like .他得在星期天工作,他是不喜歡這樣的。
The London team,which played so well last season ,has done badly this season.倫敦隊上一個季度打得很好,這個季度卻打得很差。
2.關系代詞前有介詞時用which而不用that
當關系代詞前有介詞時,關系代詞須用which,如把介詞移至句末,可用that (或省略)。如:
There's only one problem about which they disagree .只有一個問題他們不同意。
This is the book (that)she was looking for just now .這就是她剛才在找的那本書。
3.先行詞是that時用which引導
如果先行詞是that,關系代詞應用which而不能再用that引導定語從句。如:
I have that which you gave me .你給我的那個我有了。
4.先行詞與關系詞中間被隔開時用which引導
如先行詞和定語從句之間被其他較長的成分分隔,常用which引導定語從句。如:
Larry told her the story of the young airman which I narrated at the beginning of this book .拉里告訴她我在這本書的開始講的年輕飛行員的故事。(先行詞為story)
5.先行詞被those修飾時用which引導
在“those+復數(shù)形式的名詞”結構中,其后的關系代詞多用which。如:
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best .一家商店應該有暢銷貨物的存貨。
6.多個定語從句中的后一個用which引導
一個句子中如果有兩個定語從句,第一個定語從句用了關系代詞that,第二個從句中的關系代詞宜用which。如:
This is the book that you bought which you have lost .這就是你買后丟了的那本書。