中考語法句型七、疑問句句型

七、疑問句句型

1.how long

①how long表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，主要用來對(duì)for或since引起的一段時(shí)間（如three days，four weeks等）提問。how long引起的疑問句表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”時(shí)，句子通常用完成時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如：

— How long have you been in Beijing？你在北京呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？

— For more than six years.六年多了。

— How long did he stay here？他在這兒呆了多久？

— About two weeks.大約兩個(gè)星期。

— How long does it take to get to London from here？從這里到倫敦要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？

— At least ten hours.至少10個(gè)小時(shí)。

②how long表示“多長(zhǎng)”，主要用來對(duì)物體的長(zhǎng)度進(jìn)行提問。如：

— How long is the river？這條河有多長(zhǎng)？

— About 500km.大約500千米。

2.how soon

how soon意為“多久以后”，用來對(duì)in引起的表示“在……以后”（如：in an hour一小時(shí)以后，in two weeks兩周以后等）的時(shí)間提問。how soon引起的疑問句，句子通常用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。如：

— How soon will he be back？他要多久才回來？

— In an hour.一小時(shí)以后。

— How soon can we know the results？我們多久以后能知道結(jié)果？

— I don't know.我不知道。

3.how often

how often意為“多久一次”，主要用來對(duì)表示頻度的單詞或短語（如：often，usually，sometimes，always，seldom，never，once a week，three times a month等）提問。how often引起的特殊疑問句，句子通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如：

— How often does he come here？他（每隔）多久來這里一次？

— Once a month.每月一次。

— How often do you visit your mother？你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看你媽媽一次？

— Once a week.一周一次。

— How often does your mother exercise？你母親多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間鍛煉一次？

— Never.從來不。

4.how far

how far意為“多遠(yuǎn)”，用來對(duì)表示距離的單詞或短語提問。如：

— How far is your home from school？你家離學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)？

— My house is three miles from school.我家離學(xué)校三英里。

— How far is it from here to the zoo？從這里到動(dòng)物園有多遠(yuǎn)？

— It's 6 kilometres.六公里。

5.how many

how many意為“多少”，用來提問數(shù)量，其后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

How many books are there on the desk？課桌上有多少本書？

How many students are there in your school？你們學(xué)校有多少學(xué)生？

How many people are there in your family？你家有幾口人？

6.how much

how much有三種用法：

①how much表示“多少”，用來提問數(shù)量，其后跟不可數(shù)名詞。如：

How much milk is there in the glass？玻璃杯里有多少牛奶？

How much money do you have？你有多少錢？

How much water is there in the river？那條河里有多少水？

②how much表示“多重”，用來提問物體的重量。

— How much does the pig weigh？這頭豬多重？

— Eighty kilos.八十公斤。

③how much表示“多少錢”，用來提問價(jià)格或價(jià)錢。

— How much is the eraser？這塊橡皮擦多少錢？

— Two yuan.兩元。

7.how old

how old意為“多大年齡；幾歲了”，用來提問人或動(dòng)物等的年齡。

How old is your father？你父親多大歲數(shù)了？

How old is your little brother？你小弟弟幾歲了？

How old is the panda？那只熊貓幾歲了？

8.疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式

特殊疑問詞可以與動(dòng)詞不定式連用構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句子中作賓語、主語、表語等。常見的“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”有：what to do意為“該做什么”；how to do it（them）意為“怎樣做”；which to choose意為“該選擇哪一個(gè)”；where to go意為“該去哪里”等。

Where to hold the meeting is a question.在哪兒舉行會(huì)議是個(gè)問題。（作主語）

I don't know what to write about.我不知道該寫什么內(nèi)容。（作賓語）

Bill wrote two books on how to do sports.比爾寫了兩本關(guān)于如何做運(yùn)動(dòng)的書。（作介詞賓語）

The problem is when to start.問題是何時(shí)動(dòng)身。（作表語）

He hasn't decided where to go yet.他還沒決定該去哪兒。（作賓語）

注意：

what與不定式連用時(shí)，to do后不能再有it或them作賓語；how與不定式連用時(shí)，to do后通常有it或them作賓補(bǔ)。

9.why not ...？

why not+動(dòng)詞原形，意為“為什么不干某事？”這是用來提出建議的常用句型，相當(dāng)于why don't you do sth.，而且可以與why don't you do句型進(jìn)行相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：

Why not have a picnic this afternoon？

=Why don't you have a picnic this afternoon？今天下午為什么不去野餐呢？

Why not go out for a walk？

=Why don't you go out for a walk？何不出去散散步呢？

Why not go home now？

=Why don't you go home now？為什么現(xiàn)在不回家呢？

Why not come earlier？為何不早點(diǎn)來呢？

Why not come and join us？為什么不來和我們一起呢？

Why not tell your mother about it？為什么不把這事告訴你媽媽呢？

【中考速遞】

1.[福建中考考題] — _____ has Hong Kong been back to our motherland？

— For 20 years.How time flies！

A.How soon B.How long C.How often

2.[重慶中考考題] — _____ will you finish writing the review of the Indian movie Dangal ？

— In two days.

A.How far B.How often C.How soon D.How long

3.[山東青島中考考題] — _____ do you go to a movie？

— Twice a week.

A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How far

4.[山東濰坊中考考題] — _____ is it from your home to your school？

— It is about 10 minutes' ride.

A.How long B.How soon C.How far D.How often

5.[江蘇揚(yáng)州中考考題] — I went from a school desk to a ship in my teens.

— _____ days would you be at sea？Homesick？

A.How long B.How many C.How much D.How soon

6.[上海中考考題] — Do you know _____ a 5-day trip to Hong Kong costs？

— I guess it's about ￥4，000.

A.how fast B.how long C.how soon D.how much

7.[湖北襄陽中考考題] — _____ are the students in your class？

— Most of them are only fourteen.

A.How long B.How old C.How many D.How often

8.[黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考考題] It is raining outside.Why not _____ an umbrella？

A.to take B.take C.taking

【答案點(diǎn)撥】

1.答案：B 句意：“香港回歸祖國(guó)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？”“二十年了。時(shí)間過得好快啊！”由答語for 20 years可知問句為“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”用how long，故選B。

2.答案：C 句意：“還要多久你能完成這部印度電影《摔跤吧！爸爸》的影評(píng)？”“兩天以后。”由時(shí)間狀語in two days可知用how soon提問，故選C。

3.答案：C 句意：“你多久看一次電影？”“一周兩次。”由答語twice a week可知問句問的是頻率用how often，故選C。

4.答案：C 句意：“從你家到學(xué)校多遠(yuǎn)？”“大約10分鐘的車程。”由答語可知問句是問距離用how far，故選C。

5.答案：B 句意：“在青少年時(shí)期，我離開學(xué)校就到船上去了。”“你在船上待多少天？想家嗎？”由空格后的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式可知用how many提問數(shù)量，故選B。

6.答案：D 句意：“你知道香港5日游花多少錢嗎？”“我猜大約4000元。”由答語中的about ￥4，000可知上句應(yīng)是詢問價(jià)格用how much，故選D。

7.答案：B 句意：“你班上的學(xué)生多大年齡？”“他們多數(shù)僅僅14歲。”由答語可知問句詢問的是年齡，故選B。

8.答案：B 句意：外面正在下雨。為什么不帶上把雨傘呢？why not后接動(dòng)詞原形，故選B。