情態(tài)動詞考查熱點透視(3)

動詞時態(tài)考點追蹤

近幾年高考試題側(cè)重對動詞各種用法的考查，其中又以考查動詞時態(tài)為重中之重。為了幫助同學(xué)們備考，以近幾年高考題為例，對高考常考的時態(tài)的概念及考點進行分析歸納。

一、對一般現(xiàn)在時的考查

1)考查其基本概念：一般現(xiàn)在時表示一個習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等連用。但近幾年，對一般現(xiàn)在時的考查常用過去時態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)對同學(xué)們進行干擾。如：

1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which ________ the Pacific, and we met no storm. (2005年遼寧卷)

A. was called B. is called

C. had been called

D. has been called

(劃線的為答案，以下同)

2. Although he has lived with us for years, he ___ us much impression. (2004年上海春季卷)

A. hadn’t left

B. didn’t leave

C. doesn’t leave

D. hasn’t left

2)考查一般現(xiàn)在時的替代用法：在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，在以if, unless, once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和以no matter, however, even if 等詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，如果主句中的動詞用一般將來時，從句中的動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。如：

3. — What would you do if it _____ tomorrow?

— We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. (2005年全國卷)

A. rain B. rains

C. will rain D. is raining

二、對一般過去時的考查

一般過去時表示在過去某時某刻發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，它常與表過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般過去時也經(jīng)常用在沒有說明過去的時間狀語的句子中，這是高考的命題方向。如：

4. More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year. (2005年上海卷)

A. sent

B. were sent

C. had sent

D. had been sent

三、對現(xiàn)在進行時的考查

現(xiàn)在進行時由“be+現(xiàn)在分詞”，被動結(jié)構(gòu)為“am\is\are+being+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：

5. — What’s the terrible noise?

— The neighbours ____ for a party. (2004年北京卷)

A. have prepared

B. are preparing

C. prepare

D. will prepare

注①表示感覺、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動詞have, hear, see, like, contain, belong to, have on, understand, know 等一般不用進行時。

②進行時與always, often, forever, constantly等連用，表示一種感情(如贊揚、厭煩等)。

③現(xiàn)在進行時與一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別是：前者表示動作的暫時性而后者表示動作的長期性。

四、對過去進行時的考查

1)把過去進行時放在when, while, as 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中考查。如果主句謂語和從句謂語都發(fā)生在過去，動作時間長的用過去進行時，表達談話背景;動作時間短的用一般過去時，表達新的信息。

6. —You were out when I dropped in at your house.

—Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport. (2004年福建卷)

A. was waiting

B. had waited

C. am waiting

D. have waited

2)把過去進行時放在某特定的語境中考查。

7. —Has Sam finished his homework today?

—I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. (2004年全國卷)

A. did B. has done

C. was doing D. had done

3)考查過去進行時與一般過去時的比較。

8. Shirely ________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.

A. has written B. wrote

C. had written

D. was writing

五、對現(xiàn)在完成時的考查

1)現(xiàn)在完成時不僅表示動作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，而且強調(diào)動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或表示經(jīng)驗。

9. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.(2005年湖北卷)

A. were deciding

B. have decided

C. decided

D. will decide

10. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005年重慶卷)

A. has been caused

B. had been caused

C. will be caused

D. will have been caused

2)現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)至今并有可能繼續(xù)下去，常與for或since 等短語連用。如：

11. —The window is dirty.

— I know. It ________ for weeks. (2004年全國卷)

A. hasn’t cleaned

B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned

D. hasn’t been cleaned

注：由終止性動詞leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等構(gòu)成的完成時不能與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。但這些終止性動詞的否定式可以與for或since短語連用。如：I haven’t met him for two years.

3)考查現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去式的區(qū)別：一般過去時著重說明動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、方式等，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，且句中一般有表示過去的時間狀語;而現(xiàn)在完成時只說明現(xiàn)在的情況，對現(xiàn)在有影響。如：

12. —Where _________ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.

— I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone.

A. did you put; have put

B. have you put; put

C. had you put; was putting

D. were you putting; put

六、對現(xiàn)在完成進行時的考查

現(xiàn)在完成進行時是由“have / has been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示從過去某一時刻發(fā)生的動作，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還可能繼續(xù)下去。它與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別如下：

1)現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是完成的動作，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時是持續(xù)了一段時間的動作，這個動作剛停止或仍在繼續(xù)。如：

I have written an article. (已完成)

I have been writing an article. (還在寫)

2)有些延續(xù)性動詞，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時差別不大。如：

I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.

另外注意的是：表短暫動作的動詞(finish, marry, get up, come, go等)一般不能用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。

13. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. (2004年北京卷)

A. had considered

B. has been considering

C. considered

D. is going to consider

七、對過去完成時態(tài)的考查

過去完成時，經(jīng)常以“過去”為背景，要想表達比這一背景更早的動作，常用此時態(tài)。如：

14. — George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?

—No, I ___. Did they have a big wedding? (2004年湖北卷)

A. was not invited

B. have not been invited

C. hadn’t been invited

D. didn’t invite

過去完成時的常見考點有：

1)把過去完成時放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中考查。如：

15. When the old man ___ to walk back to his house, the sun ___ itself behind the mountain.(2005年湖北卷)

A. started; had already hidden

B. had started; had already hidden

C. had started; was hiding

D. was starting; hid

2) 把過去完成時放在by + 時間點或by the time + 從句的句子里考查。如：

16. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ___ in Beijing. (2003年上海春)

A. would be completed

B. was being completed

C. hasn’t been completed

D. had been completed

3)把過去完成時放在scarcely (hardly)…when…和no sooner…than結(jié)構(gòu)中考查。

17. He____ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.

A. has no sooner got

B. no sooner got

C. will no sooner get

D. had no sooner got

4)把過去完成時放在主句是過去式的賓語從句中考查。如：

18. —Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.

—Oh! I thought they ___ without me. (2005年江西卷)

A. went B. are going

C. have gone D. had gone

5)表愿望的動詞think, hope, want, mean 等動詞用過去完成時，表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的打算或意圖。如：

19. Tom ____ of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made him change his mind.

A. has thought B. thought

C. had thought

D. had been thought

6)把過去完成時放在某些固定句式中考查。如：“It was + 時間段 + since引導(dǎo)的從句”和“It was the first time + 從句”等.

20. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I____ a good drink.

A. had enjoyed

B. was enjoying

C. enjoyed

D. had been enjoyed

八、對將來時態(tài)的考查

一般將來時的謂語動詞形式有be going to+動詞原形;will / shall+ 動詞原形; be to + 動詞原形所在的句中一般有時間狀語;但be about to do不可與段時間狀語連用。

常見考點如下：

1)把將來時放在祈使句中考查。由于祈使句具有假設(shè)條件意義，后一分句在這一條件下要產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，所以要用將來時。如：

21. Let’s keep to the point or we ____ any decisions. (2004年全國卷)

A. will never reach

B. have never reached

C. never reach

D. never reached

2)某些移動性動詞或趨向動詞如leave, start, go ,arrive, come, stay，finish等用進行時可表示將來意義。如：

22. —Are you still busy?

—Yes, I ____ my work, and it won’t take long. (2005年浙江卷)

A. just finish

B. am just finishing

C. have just finished

D. am just going to finish

3)考查“be going to+動詞原形”與“will + 動詞原形”的區(qū)別：前者表示已經(jīng)決定或安排要做的事，而后者表示“臨時決定去做某事”。如：

23. — Did you tell Julia about the result?

—Oh, no, I forgot. I ______ her now. (2005年全國卷)

A. will be calling

B. will call

C. am going to call

D. am to call

4)考查“be going to+動詞原形”可表示有某跡象表明必然或很可能發(fā)生的事情。如：

24. Look at these clouds.

______.

A. It’ll rain

B. It’s going to rain

C. It’ll be raining

D. It is to rain

5)考查將來進行時的用法，表示將來一段具體時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作。

25. At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic. (2003年北京卷)

A. we’re going to fly

B. we’ll be flying

C. we’ll fly

D. we’re to fly

6)考查將來完成時的用法，指將來某一時刻已完成的動作，用于將來完成時的時間狀語如下：

by the time+從句;by the end of + 將來時間的名詞;by+將來時間名詞等。

26. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt ______ for London to attend a meeting. (2005年天津卷)

A. will leave B. leaves

C. will have left D. left