高考英語語法專項練習之名詞性從句
[深化認知]
一、各種名詞性從句的定義
1.主語從句：在復合句中充當主語的從句叫主語從句。
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很顯然，整個計劃注定要失敗。
2.賓語從句：在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句叫賓語從句，位于及物動詞、介詞或形容詞后。
Could you please show me how you read the new panel?
你能否給我展示一下你如何辨認這個新的操作盤嗎?
3.同位語從句：跟在一個抽象名詞之后，對該名詞的具體內容作進一步解釋說明。
Everyone was inspired to hear the account by an elderly gentleman that he passed the College Entrance Examination in his seventies.
大家聽到那位老先生在他70多歲時通過了大學入學考試的表述都受到了鼓舞。
4.表語從句：在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句叫表語從句，放在系動詞之后。
(2014·江蘇高考單選)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, mum.I am what you have made me.
——真亂啊!你總是這么懶!
——我不應該受到責備，媽媽。是你讓我成為這樣的。
二、that引導的名詞性從句
1.that引導主語從句
(1)that引導主語從句位于句首時，本身無意義，但是不可省略。
That you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure.
你不知道規(guī)則不能成為你失敗的借口。
(2)that從句作主語時，常用it作形式主語，常見的句型有：
?、買t+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。
As I searched the name Linda on the Internet, it became evident that there're two with the same name who look completely different.
當我在網上搜索Linda這個名字的時候，很顯然有兩個看著完全不同但姓名相同的人。
?、贗t+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that從句。
It is a pity that you have missed the wonderful lecture.
你錯過了這么精彩的演講真遺憾。
③It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that從句。
It is announced in today's newspaper that the president will pay a visit to China next week.
今天報紙上宣稱總統(tǒng)下周要對中國進行訪問。
2.that引導賓語從句
(1)常見的可以接that(that 可以省略)從句作賓語的動詞有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider等。在可以接復合賓語的動詞之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式賓語。
(2013·北京高考單選)Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
專家認為可以通過只有必要時才購物這一方法減少食物的浪費。
I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們有必要花更多時間練習英語口語。
(2)that從句一般不能充當介詞賓語，偶爾可作except, in的賓語。
Tom is a nice boy, except that he is sometimes late for school.
湯姆是個很棒的男孩，除了有時上學遲到。
3.that引導表語從句和同位語從句
(1)that引導表語從句時，一般不能省略。
My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.(表語從句)
我的決定是我們所有人明天早上6點出發(fā)。
(2)that引導同位語從句時，應在某些抽象名詞如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等后，對前面的名詞起補充說明的作用，that只起引導作用，在從句中不充當任何成分，但一般不能省略。
He has made a promise to his boss that he'll return in three days as long as he can get to the destination in time.
他向他老板承諾只要他能及時到達目的地就會三天后回來。
三、whether/if(是否)引導的名詞性從句
1.whether和if在賓語從句中經?？梢曰Q，但下列情況常用whether，不用if。
(1)與or或or not連用時只能用whether。
I didn't know whether he would attend the concert or not.
我并不知道他是否參加音樂會。
(2)從句作介詞賓語時只能用whether。
I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.
我擔心他是否能熬過這次疾病危機。
2.在引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時一般用whether不用if。
The question is whether the meeting will be held.
問題是是否要舉行會議。
The question is whether it is worth trying.
問題是值不值得試一試。
He asked her the question whether they can be friends.
他問她一個問題：他們能否成為朋友。
四、who, why, how, where, when等引導的名詞性從句
It never occurred to me how tough it was to begin a new life in a strange city.
我從來也沒有想過在一個陌生的城市開始新生活是多么困難。
When opportunity knocks, please answer the door.Don't keep asking who it is.
當機會來敲門時，請開門，不要總是問那是誰。
I don't know why it was that our headmaster was absent from such an important meeting.
我不知道到底為什么我們的校長缺席如此重要的會議。
Some students even have no idea of why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.
有些學生甚至不知道他們?yōu)槭裁磳W習，所以他們浪費了很多時間來玩。
五、what, whever引導的名詞性從句
1.what引導名詞性從句時，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。
(2014·浙江高考單選)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.
“每次你吃糖的時候要喝點綠茶。”這是我媽媽過去常常告訴我的事情。
2.“疑問詞+ever”可引導名詞性從句，在從句中要充當一定的成分。whoever與whatever表泛指，意為“無論誰”，“無論什么”;whichever表示在特定范圍內選擇，意為“無論……的哪一個/哪一些”。
Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
任何一個想要住旅店的人都必須自己付錢。
We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
我們承諾無論誰參加晚會，都有一次機會與這位電影明星合影。
[名師指津] (1)“疑問詞+ever”還可以引導讓步狀語從句;(2)“no matter+疑問詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句。
Whatever/No matter what you say, I will not believe you.
無論你說什么，我都不相信。
六、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
1.同位語從句是對前面名詞的內容作進一步的解釋、說明，引導詞that只起引導作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他們贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了整個學校。(同位語從句，進一步解釋the news的內容)
2.定語從句是對前面名詞進行修飾、限制，引導詞在句中作一定的句子成分。
The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
你昨天告訴我的消息真的很令人失望。(定語從句，它指的是“你昨天告訴我的那個消息”)
[典題在線]
?、?單句語法填空
1.(2015·江蘇高考單選)Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
2.(2015·北京高考單選)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
3.(2015·安徽高考單選)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not what ships are built for.
4.(2015·北京高考單選)I truly believe that beauty comes from within.
5.(2015·湖南高考單選)You have to know where you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
6.(2015·重慶高考單選)We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
7.(2014·四川高考單選)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's where I was born.”
8.(2014·重慶高考單選)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea why he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
9.(2013·陜西高考單選)It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
10.(2012·江蘇高考單選)The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.
?、?單句改錯
1.His promise which he would give away half of the year's income to the disabled turned out a lie.which→that_
2.Intelligence, perseverance and confidence are that it takes to make a good scientist.that→what_
3.We are thinking about whom can be admitted into our club. The number of members is limited.whom→who
4.At the evening party the host said who was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward.who→whoever
5.(2016·寧夏質檢)Whether we will do is to leave a note to tell mum we will be back late.Whether→What
6.It's true what honesty is more important than money!what→that
7.There is no doubt whether teachers play an important role in children's growth.whether→that
8.(2016·貴陽模擬)It is true successful reading requires correct ways of reading.true后加that
對點集訓即時鞏固·提升知能Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.(2016·河南六校聯(lián)考)What she would like to discuss with me was that while everybody said she was a lazy person, she did not think so.
2.(2016·開封模擬)When you are reading, make a note of what you think is of great importance.
3.The police went to the suspect's house and searched for whatever they could find to prove him guilty.
4.(2016·寧波調研)—Boys seem to do better in science subjects like math and physics.
—That's where I don't agree.There are many examples to show girls can do as well as boys.
5.As the spokeswoman said, whether we should take action against them depends on what they will do.
6.(2016·哈爾濱模擬)—Something should be done to improve the worsening air quality.
—Yes.Whoever pollutes the air shall pay a high price.
7.The question was frequently referred to at the conference whether it is a good idea to build nuclear power plants in developed cities.
8.Many experts hold the view that teachers' development is where the key to better education lies.
9.(2016·濟南質檢)I won't change my belief that success comes to those who act.
10.After a day's exhausting climb we finally arrived at what we had been told was the “Golden Garden”.
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1.She was chosen made us very happy.She→That_she
2.The question is that we can get in touch with her.that→whether
3.She will give no matter who needs help a warm support. no_matter_who→whoever
4.He asked how much did I pay for a violin.did_I_pay→I_paid
5.Where caused the accident is still a complete mystery.Where→What
6.(2016·北京海淀區(qū)聯(lián)考)There is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.There→It
7.(2016·天津診斷)They are said that they found an unusual plant in the forest.They_are→It_is
8.Choosing the right dictionary depends on that you want to use it for. that→what
9.There are as many as five student clubs in our school. You can join whatever interests you most.whatever→whichever
10.(2016·鄭州診斷)If we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.If→Whether
?、?語法填空
(2016·鄭州高中畢業(yè)班質量預測)I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing 1.that happened in my restaurant today.
This afternoon a poorlydressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 2.who he was.We wondered 3.why he was so hungry.We were surprised that he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We doubted 4.whether/if the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 5.whether/if we would mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see 6.that he took out of an envelope — a million pound banknote.
I asked Mr.Clements 7.whether/if it was genuine.Mr.Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year.He thought 8.what the gentleman showed us couldn't be a fake.
9.Why a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldn't describe 10.how excited I was.
