1.ago,before
(1)ago和一般過去時連用。
He died three years ago.他三年前去世了。
(2)before可以和現(xiàn)在完成時、一般過去時或過去完成時等連用。
I have met him before.我以前曾遇到過他。
She said she had met him before.她說她以前遇到過他。
It came across my mind that I had met him somewhere before.
我突然意識到我曾在什么地方見過他。
If you are to take the 10 p.m.train,you should reach the station at least ten minutes
before/earlier.如果你要搭晚上十點鐘的火車,你必須至少提前十分鐘到達火車站。
2.now,just,just now
(1)now與現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時連用,作“現(xiàn)在”解。
We have now left the station.我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)離開了車站。
(2)just與現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時連用,作“剛剛……”解。
I have just finished my homework.我剛剛做完我的作業(yè)。
(3)just now與一般過去時連用時等于a moment ago,與一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時連用時相當(dāng)于just at the moment,都是加強now的語氣。
The train started just now (=a moment ago).火車剛開。
3.sometimes,some times,sometime,some time
sometimes (=occasionally)有時,偶爾
some times (=several times)好幾次
sometime (現(xiàn)在或未來)某一個時候
some time 一些時間,一段時間
4.too much,much too
(1)too much修飾不可數(shù)名詞,也可作代詞或副詞使用。
I’ve got too much work to do.我有太多的工作要做。
Too much has been said on the matter.這件事已經(jīng)說得夠多了。
(2)much too修飾形容詞或副詞。
I’m afraid my husband is much too busy to see visitors.
恐怕我丈夫太忙了而不能去接待來賓。
5.almost,nearly
(1)在肯定句中,almost和nearly 可互換。兩者都可用在行為動詞的否定式之前。
He almost/nearly didn’t catch the bus.他差點沒趕上公共汽車。
He was almost/nearly driven mad by his troubles.他差一點被煩惱事逼瘋了。
(2)almost 可與no,nobody,nothing,nowhere,never 連用;不能和not 連用。
Almost nothing is worth listening to.幾乎沒有一句值得聽。
(3)nearly不和no,nobody,nothing,nowhere,never連用,但可與not 連用。
The money is not nearly enough for my journey.這錢遠(yuǎn)不夠我的旅行。
6.very,much
(1)very修飾形容詞、副詞;much修飾動詞
This picture is very beautiful.這幅畫很美。
He walks very fast.他走得很快。
I like it very much.我非常喜歡它。
(2)very修飾形容詞和副詞的原級;(very)much修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級。
He is very tall.他很高。
He is much taller than you.他比你高得多。
The dress is much the most expensive.這條裙子是最貴的。
(3)the very+最高級=much the+最高級。
This is the very best of all.這是所有當(dāng)中最好的。
this is much the best of all.
(4)very置于the,this,that之后,是形容詞,加強語氣,意為“正是”,“同一的”。
This is the very book I want.這正是我要的書。
At that time I was standing on this very spot.當(dāng)時我就站在這個地方。
(5)very修飾現(xiàn)在分詞;(very)much修飾過去分詞。
I heard a very surprising item of news.我聽到一則非常吃驚的消息。
I was much surprised at the news.我對此消息大吃一驚。
(6)以a 開頭的表語形容詞,不用very修飾,只用(very)much。
The twins look much alike.這對雙胞胎長得很像。
She is much afraid of that dog.她非常怕那條狗。
7.aloud,loud,loudly
(1)aloud 和read,think等動詞連用時,表示“出聲地”,但不涉及聲音的大小,和call,cry,shout等動詞連用時,表示“大聲地”;aloud不用于比較等級。
read aloud 出聲讀,call aloud 大叫,cry aloud 大哭,shout aloud 大喊
(2)loud 副詞的意思是發(fā)出音量大、傳得遠(yuǎn)的聲音。用于speak,talk,sing,read等動詞之后,在句中作狀語;loud and clear意為“表達清楚”,在句中作狀語,置于動詞之后。
read loud 大聲念,sing loud 大聲唱,speak loud 大聲說,talk loud 大聲說
(3)loud 形容詞的意思是“響亮的,大聲的”,指音量比平常大得多,暗示過分強烈和突出。
a loud voice 高聲,a loud laugh 大笑
(4)loudly置于動詞前后均可,意為“喧鬧,嘈雜”。
Open your mouth and pronounce the sound loudly.張大你的嘴,大聲發(fā)這個音。
8.already,yet,still
(1)already用于肯定句,置于句中或句末。
I’ve already paid my membership dues.我已經(jīng)交了我的會員費。
(2)yet用于否定句和疑問句中,意為“已經(jīng)”。
He hasn’t done much yet.他還沒做什么。
Have the children come home yet? 孩子們已經(jīng)回家了嗎?
(3)still“仍,還”,用于肯定句或疑問句中。
The fish is still alive.這條魚還活著。
Why are you still working? 你怎么還在工作?
9.also,too,either,as well
(1)also“也”的正式用語,置于句中,行為動詞之前,系動詞be、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后。
Problems also exist in agriculture.農(nóng)業(yè)也存在著一些問題。
I’m cold,and I’m also hungry and tired.我很冷,而且又餓又累。
(2)too“也”的普遍用詞,用于口語,置于句末,用逗號分開。
I like bananas,and I like oranges,too.我喜歡香蕉,我也喜歡柑橘。
(3)either 只用于否定句中,位于句末。
If you don’t order a dessert,I won’t either.如果你不點甜點,我也不點。
(4)as well用于口語,位于句末,其前不用逗號。
He gave me money as well.他還給我錢。
10.continually,continuously
(1)continually表示“時斷時續(xù)地”。
It has been raining continually for two days.斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地下了兩天雨。
(2)continuously意為“連續(xù)不斷地”。
It has been raining continuously for two hours.不停地下了兩小時的雨。
11.especially,specially,particularly
(1)especially“尤其”,與particularly或in particular 意義相仿,可通用。
The Great Wall had been added to,rebuilt and repaired,especially during the Ming Dynasty.長城曾得到擴建、重建和修繕,尤其是在明朝期間。
I like maple tree,especially in autumn.我喜歡楓樹,尤其是秋天的楓樹。
She likes fruit and apples in particular.她喜歡水果,尤其是蘋果。
(2)specially“專門地,特別地”,指為某一特別目的而做。
He came here specially to say sorry to her.他特意來這里向她道歉。
These books are specially written for beginners.這些書是特別為初學(xué)者寫的。
12.fairly,rather
(1)fairly“相當(dāng)”,指理想的情形,含有積極肯定的意思。
The book is fairly difficult.該書是很難(然而適當(dāng))。
She is fairly thin.她相當(dāng)苗條(好看)。
(2)rather“相當(dāng)”,指不太理想的情形,含有消極否定的意思。
The book is rather difficult.該書相當(dāng)難。(難得不適當(dāng))
She is rather thin.她太瘦了(難看)。
(3)rather程度副詞,修飾原級或比較級形容詞和副詞、動詞、分詞或單數(shù)名詞,可與too連用。
This book is rather too easy for this boy.這本書對于這個男孩來說太簡單。
This restaurant is rather more expensive than that.這家餐廳的收費比那家貴得多。
He’s driving rather fast.他車子開得相當(dāng)快。
13.far away,faraway
(1)far away 副詞性短語,意為“遙遠(yuǎn)”,可作狀語、表語和后置定語。
The house is not far away.這棟房子不遠(yuǎn)。(表語)
They all live far away from us.他們都住得離我們很遠(yuǎn)。(狀語)
The radio reminds me of my home far away.(后置定語)
收音機里的聲音讓我想起了遙遠(yuǎn)的家。
(2)faraway 形容詞,意為“遙遠(yuǎn)的”,作前置定語。
His family lives in a faraway village.他家住在一個很遠(yuǎn)的小村子里。
14.farther,further
(1)farther 強調(diào)距離、方向、時間上“較遠(yuǎn)地,更遠(yuǎn)地”的具體概念。
He ran farther than the others.他比別人跑得更遠(yuǎn)。
(2)further 強調(diào)抽象意義上的“更進一步,更深一層”。
She always considered further the consequences of her actions.
她總是更多地考慮她的行為所造成的后果。
15.fast,quickly,soon
(1)fast 強調(diào)速度之迅速。
The children are learning very fast.孩子們學(xué)得很快。
(2)quickly 著重動作之敏捷。
Please walk quickly across the road.請快步穿過大路。
(3)soon 突出時間之快捷。
Dinner will be ready soon.晚飯馬上就好了。
16.finally,at last,in the end
(1)finally“最后”,表示“等了好久才……”,強調(diào)好不容易。
They talked about it for hours.Finally,they decided not to go.
關(guān)于此事他們議論了數(shù)小時,最后決定不去了。
She finally agreed with me.她最終同意了我(的意見)。
(2)at last“終于”,強調(diào)是努力之后的結(jié)果,用于過去時,不用于否定句。
Now there was peace at last.現(xiàn)在和平終于到來了。
In spite of troubles,we climbed the top of the mountain at last.
雖然有困難,我們最后還是爬上了山頂。
(3)in the end“最后”,強調(diào)結(jié)果,和last 意思相同,但in the end可以用在將來時里。
He calmed down in the end.他的情緒終于平定下來。
All will come right in the end.到頭來,一切都會好的。
17.first,at first,first of all,firstly,the first time
(1)first“首先”“第一次”,多用來強調(diào)順序。
Let’s first go and see him.我們先去看看他吧。
(2)at first“起初”“起先”,往往含有后來發(fā)生的事情與起先不同的意味。
The work was hard at first,but I got used to it.起初這活兒很累,不過后來我習(xí)慣了。
(3)first of all“首先”,主要用來表述最重要的一點,一般不再往下列舉。
I am interested in old coins,but first of all I am a stamp collector.
我確實對古代硬幣感興趣,但首先我是一個集郵者。
(4)firstly 用于列舉“第一點”,隨后說secondly,thirdly,...,可用first代替。
Firstly,what he says is not true.第一,他的話有假。
Firstly,we need somewhere to live.Secondly,we need to find work.
第一,我們需要有地方住。第二,我們需要找工作。
(5)the first time 名詞短語,意為“第一次……時”,可以作連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句。
I loved this picture the first time I saw it.我第一次看到這幅畫就喜歡上它了。
18.above all,first of all
(1)above all “重要的是,首先,尤其”。
A clock must be above all correct.鐘表最重要的是必須準(zhǔn)確。
(2)first of all“首先,第一”。
First of all,let me introduce myself to you.首先,讓我作個自我介紹。
【高考演練】
1.【安徽】It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,________,supply more jobs.
A.however B.anywhere C.therefore D.otherwise
【答案】C 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:我們的希望是,我們能在市場上起到更大的作用,從而,提供更多的就業(yè)機會。however 然而;anywhere 無論何處;therefore 因此;otherwise 否則。本題中supply more jobs與play a greater role in the market place 之間為因果關(guān)系。故選C。
2.【全國大綱卷】Henry was away from home for quite a bit and________saw his family.
A.frequently B.seldom C.always D.usually
【答案】B 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:亨利離開家很長時間了,并且很少回來看家人。故選B。
3.【全國大綱卷】— What did you do last weekend?
— Oh,nothing________.
A.much B.else C.ever D.yet
【答案】A 考查副詞。句意:“上個周末你做什么了?”“噢,沒做什么?!贝颂巒othing much意為“沒什么”。故選A。
4.【江蘇】I can’t meet you on Sunday.I’ll be________occupied.
A.also B.just C.nevertheless D.otherwise
【答案】D 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:我無法在周日和你碰面,我將另有安排。also 也;just 正,僅僅;nevertheless 然而,不過;otherwise 另外地,否則。根據(jù)語境可知D項正確。故選D。
5.【江西】Thanks for your directions to the house;we wouldn’t have found it________.
A.nowhere B.however C.otherwise D.instead
【答案】C 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:謝謝你帶我們來這棟房子,不然的話,我們找不到它。nowhere 無處;however 然而;otherwise 否則;instead 反而。故選C。
6.【浙江】The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others________.
A.blindly B.unwillingly C.closely D.carefully
【答案】A 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:教育的目標(biāo)在于教會年輕人去自我思考,而不是盲目地跟從別人。blindly表示“盲目地”,符合語境。unwillingly不樂意地;closely 近地;carefully 仔細(xì)地。故選A。
7.【湖北】“Perhaps we need to send for Dr Smith to see what we can do about it,” Father suggested________to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.
A.tentatively B.thoughtlessly C.definitely D.rudely
【答案】A 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:父親對前來討論問題的鄰居嘗試著建議說:“或許我們需要請史密斯醫(yī)生來看看關(guān)于這個問題我們能做點什么?!眛entatively 嘗試性地;thoughtlessly 草率地;不體貼地;definitely 明確地;rudely 粗魯?shù)亍9蔬xA。
8.【安徽】Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ is often thought to be the richest woman in the world.________,her personal wealth seems rather small.
A.Besides B.Otherwise C.However D.Altogether
【答案】C 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:人們經(jīng)常認(rèn)為伊麗莎白女王二世是世界上最富有的女人,可是她的個人財富似乎很少。A項作為副詞意思是“此外;而且”;B項意為“否則,不然的話”;C項意為“然而,可是”;D項意為“總共”。故選C。
9.【福建】Anyone,whether he is an official or a bus driver,should be________respected.
A.especially B.equally C.naturally D.normally
【答案】B 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意為:任何人,無論是官員還是公交車司機,都應(yīng)被同等尊重。especially 尤其,特別;equally 平等地;naturally 自然地;normally 正常地。故選B。
10.【全國卷Ⅱ】Next to biology,I like physics________.
A.better B.best C.the better D.very well
【答案】B 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:我最喜歡的科目是生物,其次是物理。next to的意思是僅次于,在……之后。句子的字面意思為:在生物之后,物理就是我最喜歡的科目了。由語境判斷,此處應(yīng)該是副詞的最高級,故選B。
11.【江西】He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris.________,he had a wonderful time.
A.Above all B.What’s more C.As a result D.On the contrary
【答案】D 考查固定短語辨析。句意:他看起來給人的印象是他在巴黎過得不愉快。相反,他度過了一段美好時光。A項意為“首要的是”;B項意為“另外”;C項意為“結(jié)果是”;D項意為“相反”。故選D。
12.【遼寧】We used to see each other________,but I haven’t heard from him since last year.
A.especially B.regularly C.particularly D.approximately
【答案】B 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:我們過去經(jīng)常見面,但是自從去年以來我就沒有收到他的來信。especially 特別,尤其;regularly 經(jīng)常地,有規(guī)律地;particularly 特別地;approximately 大約。故選B。
13.【天津】The dog may be a good companion for the old.________,the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Instead
【答案】B 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:狗或許是老年人的好伙伴。然而,帶它散步卻是一大不便。besides 此外,而且;however 然而;therefore 因此;instead代替,而不是。只有B項符合句意。
14.【浙江】Mike was usually so careful,________this time he made a small mistake.
A.yet B.still C.even D.thus
【答案】A 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:邁克通常非常謹(jǐn)慎,然而這一次他犯了個小錯誤。根據(jù)句中careful和made a small mistake可知此處表轉(zhuǎn)折。yet 然而,可是;still 還,依然;even 甚至;thus 如此,這樣,因而。故選A。
15.【四川】The hotel is almost finished,but it________needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.
A.only B.also C.even D.still
【答案】D 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:這家旅館幾乎完工了,但是它仍然需要一兩個星期來準(zhǔn)備接待顧客。根據(jù)句意此處應(yīng)填still。only 只有;also 也;even 甚至,均不合句意。故選D。
16.【四川】I make $2,000 a week.60 surely won’t make________difference to me.
A.that a big B.a that big C.big a that D.that big a
【答案】D 考查副詞。句意:我一星期賺2,000美元,60美元真的不會給我造成多么大的影響。that此處為副詞,相當(dāng)于so。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)“that+adj.+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”可知,應(yīng)選D項。
17.【浙江】I’ve been writing this report________for the last two weeks,but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A.finally B.immediately C.occasionally D.certainly
【答案】C 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:兩周來我一直偶爾寫寫這個報告,但是明天我務(wù)必要交上。finally 最終;immediately 立刻;occasionally 偶爾地;certainly 當(dāng)然。只有C項最符合語意要求。
18.【天津】The young man couldn’t afford a new car.________,he bought a used one.
A.Besides B.Otherwise C.Instead D.Still
【答案】C 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:那位年輕人買不起一輛新車,而是買了一輛二手車。besides 而且,還有,此外;otherwise 否則,要不然;instead 代替,而;still 仍然,還是。故選C。
19.【上海】When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage,she wondered how they had managed with________money.
A.so few B.such few C.so little D.such little
【答案】C 考查副詞用法。句意:當(dāng)媽媽回顧他們結(jié)婚初期時,她很詫異他們是如何在如此少的金錢的情況下順利度過那些日子的。當(dāng)名詞前有few,little,many或much修飾時用副詞so,而不用such,又因為money為不可數(shù)名詞,故選C。
20.【全國Ⅱ】It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music,but________another to play it well yourself.
A.quite B.very C.rather D.much
【答案】A 考查副詞的固定搭配。句意:喜歡聽好音樂是一回事,自己能演奏好又完全是另外一回事。quite 完全;very 一般用在形容詞、副詞、限定詞前面,也可表示“正是”;rather 表示“相當(dāng),很”,可用于形容詞、副詞、比較級、限定詞以及too等的前面;much 表示“很多”,可修飾比較級。根據(jù)句意及用法選擇A項。
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