托福聽力演講類文章關鍵要素分析之舉例子
Hello everybody，高冷騰老濕強勢回歸!上兩期，屌絲聽力文章要素系列專題送給了大家文章開頭與結尾的要素分析，今天騰老濕就給各位分析一下演講類文章主體部分顏值最高的要素之一——舉例子。(老濕感覺自己聽長句子聽多了，連寫中文都從句橫生，心好累啊!)
今兒老濕要講的東西你要是學會了，能保得你聽力34題中至少能拿到4-5題，再有前兩期的開頭跟結尾要素加持，不覺已拿下一半的題目了。Now, listen to me carefully，今天老濕要講的是舉例子，倘若您老連文章里例子說的是啥都不知道，勸您回爐練聽寫跟讀吧，一刻都不能停!
在托福聽力中，舉例子有自己的VIP題型，典型的問法是這樣的：Why does the professor mention。。。?教授為什么要提及什么事情?這個mention可以替換成discuss、talk about、compare等等?？傊褪墙淌谡f了一個事情的目的是什么。那么Here comes the question：我們說話的時候會在什么情況下舉例子呢?對，就是在賣萌的時候，滾粗。。。就是在自己說了一個比較抽象的觀點怕別人不理解，然后再舉個形象生動的例子，那邊就立馬明白了。另外，例子也很有可能出現在需要解釋的專業(yè)術語之后。不管怎樣，舉例子一定跟例子之前的那句話有關，而且往往都是為了解釋說明闡述一個觀點。所以我們碰到這種題時(老濕就不告訴你她叫觀點組織題)，一定要回想例子對應了什么觀點，也就是例子之前教授所說的話，那么這句話基本上就是正確選項了。有的時候教授會很友好的給我們一個非常緊致絲滑的結構，即觀點+事例+觀點總結，但是不要奢望每個叫獸都能如此。
怎樣能夠快速辨別例子：
有信號詞：
多數情況下，在教授發(fā)表完觀點之后，緊接著會有提示性的話語，告訴我們他要舉例子了，所以判定是否為舉例子，我們就要注意這些信號詞。常見的信號詞包括：for instance, for example, such as…, as an example, take example for, say, consider, let’s take…
無信號詞：
可是有的時候，教授卻不那么明確的給出信號詞，那么我們一樣可以可以辨別。例子往往是一個形象生動具體酷炫的事情，但是觀點組織題通常問的都是一個大道理，如果明確了這一點，我們就可以得知，即使沒有信號詞出現，只要是教授說話開始說到非常具體的事情，而不是觀點性概念性的話時，這個時候極有可能是在舉例子。(不明白的，老濕稍后給大家具體的例題感受一下)
聽到例子時怎么辦：
腦子：
聽到舉例子的提示詞，一定要回憶剛才教授說了什么，通常講例子之前，老師會說一個道理，然后再舉例子，一定要聽懂例子對應的道理，否則一會出現題目，不要期待著聽到listen to part of the lecture。。。
爪子：
舉例子是最應該記下來的文章要素。度娘說：“例子是用來幫助說明或證明某種情況或說法的事物”，所以例子本身并不重要，不要記太多例子的細節(jié)。例子用eg.表示，如果例子中有出現對比強調等信息也是需要記下來的，如果沒有的話，聽懂就OK，其實例子是最好拿分的題型。
實戰(zhàn)操練：
有信號詞：
紅色字體為觀點，綠色字體為例子
In fact, the techniques of MBWA work so well, they’ve actually been extended to all kinds of different contacts like politics for instance. Um, a few years back the mayor of Baltimore, Um... I think his name is Shapher or something like that. Anyway, he decided that the best way to serve the people of the city of his city was to actually get out there in it and experience the things they experienced, so he ride around the city in, well you know, in all parts of it.
Why does the professor discuss the mayor of Baltimore?
A.To explain the origins of the method of MBWA.
B.To demonstrate that MBWA can be useful outside the business world.
C.To provide an example of MBWA can sometimes fail.
D.To give an example where market research and MBWA provide similar types of information.
無信號詞：
(插播上題答案：B)
紅色字體為觀點，綠色字體為例子
So, if there are no truly non-venomous snakes, were the so-called non-venomous snakes, like constrictors and pythons, were they venomous at some point in their evolution? Well, that’s not clear at this point. Constrictors have evolved to kill their prey by crushing, but perhaps they once were venomous, and then at some point their venom-producing apparatus wasn’t needed anymore, so it gradually disappeared.
There’s one species of snake, the brown tree snake, that uses both constriction and venom, depending on its prey. So, well, it is possible.
Why does the professor mention the brown tree snake?
A. To support a hypothesis about the evolution of constrictor snakes.
B. To support a hypothesis that venomous snakes evolved from constrictor snakes.
C. To give an example of a snake species that was never venomous
D. To give an example of a type of snake that can change its color.
完整的舉例結構：
(插播上題答案：A)
紅色字體為觀點，綠色字體為例子
But for the well-made play, even the exposition had to be logical, believable. So, for example, you might have two servants gossiping as they are cleaning the house. And one says, ‘Oh, what a shame the master’s son is still not married’. And the other might mention a rumor about a mysterious gentleman who just moved into the town with his beautiful daughter. These comments are parts of the play’s logical exposition.
Why does the professor mention a conversation between servants?
A.To give examples of typical characters in a well-made play
B.To show how background information might be revealed in a well-made play
C.To explain why Romeo and Juliet can be considered a well-made play
D.To explain how playwrights develop the obligatory scene of a well-made play.
最后，奉送給各位觀點組織題題目選項常見關鍵詞：
(插播上題答案：B)
to illustrate、explain、demonstrate、give an example、emphasize、clarify、prove、describe、show、indicate、point out、provide、support、make a point、suggest…
對于基礎稍差的筒子，以上這些詞務必要背下來。否則好不容易聽懂了例子，一激動卻理解錯了選項，那就只能感嘆人生如夢了。
