托福聽力的幾種開頭方式

　　托福聽力包括對話和講座兩部分內(nèi)容，對于對話和講座的開頭方式并不相同，下面分別介紹一下托福聽力開頭部分的方式。

　　1、對話：學(xué)生和老師或者是工作人員的先后順序

　　1)學(xué)生先開口說：學(xué)生先開口，就會陳述問題的內(nèi)容，直接進(jìn)入主題;

　　2)學(xué)生未開口，老師先說一件事或一個問題;

　　3)學(xué)生來交一個材料，老師提出另外的一些問題;

　　4)學(xué)生和老師用了很短時間解決了一個學(xué)生問題，學(xué)生又問了另外的問題。

　　2、講座：主要是教授或者老師針對一個話題展開討論

　　1)課堂回顧式

　　2)直入主題式

　　3)背景引入式

　　4)寒暄離題式

　　第二部分：聽力講座四種開頭方式

　　1)課堂回顧

　　TPO1-L3

　　OK,we've been talking about early agriculture in the near east. So let's concentrate on one site and see what we can learn from it.

　　OK.In the last class, we started talking about useful plant fibers...Today well continue talking about useful fibers, and we'll begin with a fiber that's commonly known as "Manila hemp."

　　大家可以注意到加粗部分的內(nèi)容，是針對課程或者課堂內(nèi)容的回顧。課堂回顧是我們聽重點(diǎn)的一個提示而已，我們要關(guān)注的是后邊的內(nèi)容，也就是“本堂課”要注意的內(nèi)容。

　　課堂回顧式常見關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：

　　時態(tài)：一般過上時或者是現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時

　　關(guān)鍵詞：in the last class, today, now, talk about, but.

　　2)直入主題式

　　TPO18-L1

　　OK,today we are going to start a study of sunspot today

　　Ok,now I want to talk about an animal that has a fascinating set of defense mechanisms.

　　直入主題的開頭方式，需要考生集中精力聽講座的內(nèi)容，不要錯過聽力的有效信息。

　　直入主題式常見關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：

　　時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時或者將來時

　　直入主題式常見關(guān)鍵詞：now, want to talk about,

　　3)背景引入式

　　OG-test 2-L4

　　We've been looking at colossal statues—works of exceptionally huge size—and their essentially public role, in commemorating a political or religious figure. How some of these statues date back thousands of years... like the statues of the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt—which you can still visit today... and how others, though surviving only in legend, have fired the imagination of writers and artists right up to our own time, such as the Colossus of Rhodes, that 110-foot statue of the Greek god Helios. Remember, this same word, "colossus”一 which means a giant or larger-than-life-size statue—is what today’s term "colossal” derives from. Now, it was one thing to build such statues, at an equally colossal cost, when the funds were being allocated byancient kings and pharaohs. But if we're going to think about modern-day colossal statues, we need to reexamine more closely their role as social andpolitical symbols—in order to understand why a society today—a society of free, tax-paying citizens—would agree to allocate so much of its resources to erecting them.

　　背景引入式的開頭方式，是聽力講座，尤其是學(xué)術(shù)類講座的一個重要特點(diǎn)。為了引出講座的主題，教授會在一開始的時候，先將一下相關(guān)的背景，循序漸進(jìn)地帶入。

　　背景引入式常見關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：

　　時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時或者過去式

　　4)寒暄離題式

　　TPO2-Lecture2

　　Hi,everyone. Good to see you all today. Actually, I expected the population to be a lot lower today. It typically runs between 50 and 60 percent on the day the research paper is due. Um, I was hoping to have your exams back today, but, uh, the situation was that I went away for the weekend, and I was supposed to get in yesterday at five, and I expected to fully complete all the exams by midnight or so, which is the time that I usually go to bed, but my flight was delayed, and I ended up not getting in until one o'clock in the morning. Anyway, I," do my best to hove them finished by the next time we meet.

　　寒暄離題式的開頭方式比較符合中國的傳統(tǒng)文化，先是客套一番，然后才進(jìn)入課程的主要內(nèi)容或者是表達(dá)作者的觀點(diǎn)。在遇到這類問題的時候，一定要注意分別是寒暄部分，還是課程的內(nèi)容部分。