試比較以下TOEFL聽(tīng)力短對(duì)話的兩種回答方式:
Have you asked your brother to do the dishes?
1)Yes, many times.(很多遍了。)
2)Yes, a thousand times.(無(wú)數(shù)次了。)
很明顯,第一種回答方式不如第二種生動(dòng),因?yàn)閍 thousand times(無(wú)數(shù)次)使用了Hyperbole(夸張)的修辭手法。Hyperbole一詞源于希臘語(yǔ)的huperbole,意思是exceed(超過(guò)),是一種故意夸大其詞(overstatement)或言過(guò)其實(shí)的修辭手法;其特點(diǎn)是對(duì)表達(dá)對(duì)象進(jìn)行有違常識(shí)或不合邏輯的夸張性描寫(xiě),以達(dá)到強(qiáng)烈的修辭效果。如:a river of tears (淚河)、a mountain of coal (煤山)、oceans of people (人海)...Hyperbole(夸張)在TOEFL聽(tīng)力中的運(yùn)用也可謂爐火純青。
比如:
1)You are my lifesaver.(你是我的“救命恩人”。)
2)You are 100% right.(你“百分之百”的正確。)
3)My back killed me.(我的腰痛的厲害。)
4)You make me feel guilty. (你讓我感覺(jué)像是在犯罪。)
5)I haven't seen you for ages. (好久不見(jiàn)了呀!)
6)I could sleep for a whole year. (我太困了。)
7)We're all tired to death. (我們快累死了。)
當(dāng)然,除了TOEFL聽(tīng)力,Hyperbole(夸張)的修辭手法在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)中的經(jīng)典范例不勝枚舉:
1)One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters. (George Herbert) (一個(gè)父親的作用大于100個(gè)教師。)
2)It's a crime to stay inside on such a beautiful day. (今天陽(yáng)光明媚,躲在家中實(shí)在太遺憾了。)
3)A drop of ink may make a million think.(George G Byron)(一滴墨水寫(xiě)成的文字可讓千萬(wàn)人思索。)
Simile(明喻)
試比較以下兩種TOEFL聽(tīng)力表達(dá)方式:
1)He spent a lot of money.(他花了大筆的錢(qián)。)
2)He spent a lot of money, like water.(他花錢(qián)如流水。)
很明顯,第二種表達(dá)方式比第一種更加生動(dòng)和形象。因?yàn)閘ike water(如流水)使用了Simile(明喻)的修辭手法,這樣以來(lái),無(wú)疑使語(yǔ)言更加精彩和完美,聽(tīng)力考試也不再單純是一門(mén)考試,而變成了一種享受。Simile(明喻)一詞源于拉丁語(yǔ)similes,其意為like(象)。他借助人們的想象力,使用一定的比喻詞如:like, as等加以連接,從而清楚的表明兩種事物之間的相似之處,使得表達(dá)更加新鮮有趣。其典型形式是A is like B. Simile(明喻)的修辭手法在TOEFL聽(tīng)力中的運(yùn)用可謂爐火純青。
比如:(劃線部分為明喻之處)
1.Like引導(dǎo)
1) He sweats like a pig.(他像豬一樣流汗。)
2) They slept like babies.(他們像嬰兒一樣熟睡著。)
3) Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.(John Ruskin)(生活沒(méi)有目標(biāo)猶如航行沒(méi)有指南針。)
4) Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day.(E.B. White)(被打破的記錄猶如刮風(fēng)天成熟的蘋(píng)果——紛紛墜落。)
2.As引導(dǎo)
1)She is as beautiful as a flower.(她像花一樣的美麗。)
2)“I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as am angel, I am as merry as a school boy. I am as giddy as a drunken man...”(Charles Dickens)(我像羽毛一樣輕,我像天使一樣幸福,我像小學(xué)生一樣快活,我像喝醉了酒的人一樣飄飄然……)
3)The first time I read an excellent book, it is to me as if I had gained a new friend.
(我頭一回讀到一本好書(shū),對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)好象交了一位新朋友。)
注意:As引導(dǎo)的as...as結(jié)構(gòu)在英語(yǔ)中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用,若能在口語(yǔ)交流或各種作文考試(如:TWE等)中用上一個(gè),定會(huì)得到意想不到的效果,常用的as結(jié)構(gòu)有:
(as) firm as a rock堅(jiān)如磐石
(as) light as a feather輕如鴻毛
(as) close as an oyster守口如瓶
(as) mute as a fish噤若寒蟬
(as) strong as a horse強(qiáng)壯如牛
(as) cool as a cucumber泰然自若
(as) sober as a judge十分清醒
(as) sure as a gun千真萬(wàn)確
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