托福口語詞匯的串講

　　一、理論知識

　　1. 直譯法

　　honeymoon\mad cow disease\hot line\ talk show\gene therapy\chain reaction

　　bull’s eye

　　bicycle people

　　milky way

　　靶心、騎自行車的人、銀河

　　2. 意譯

　　as timid as hare 膽小如兔

　　day student 白天的學(xué)生

　　in the dark 在黑暗中

　　cash crops 現(xiàn)金莊稼

　　膽小如鼠、走讀生、一無所知、經(jīng)濟(jì)作物

　　He had one foot in the grave.

　　他已經(jīng)有一只腳踏進(jìn)墳?zāi)沽?/p>

　　他已經(jīng)是風(fēng)燭殘年了

　　The medicinal herb helps a cough.

　　這種草藥幫助咳嗽

　　這種草藥可以治療咳嗽

　　理解、表達(dá)(直譯結(jié)合意譯)、校對

　　二、詞義

　　1. 根據(jù)詞性確定詞義

　　The earth is not completely round.

　　Let’s go into the hall and have a look round.

　　They are dancing in a round.

　　He worked round the day.

　　The boy’s eyes rounded with excitement.

　　圓的 形容詞

　　轉(zhuǎn)一轉(zhuǎn) 副詞

　　一圈 名詞

　　一整天 介詞

　　睜得圓圓的 動詞

　　2. 根據(jù)上下文確定詞義

　　The story of their sufferings moved us deeply.

　　Work on the new building is moving quickly.

　　The government’s opinions on this matter haven’t moved.

　　She moves in the highest circles of society.

　　Unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.

　　打動

　　進(jìn)展

　　改變

　　生活

　　采取措施

　　3. 根據(jù)漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣確定詞義

　　I think your suggestion will work.

　　The new treatment works like magic.

　　My watch doesn’t work.

　　The sea works high.

　　She worked her way to the front.

　　The new regulation is working well.

　　行得通

　　療效

　　走

　　洶涌起伏

　　擠到

　　執(zhí)行

　　4. 通過抽象化加以引申

　　They have their smiles and tears.

　　微笑和眼淚

　　We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.

　　單行道

　　I have no head for mathematics.

　　沒有頭腦

　　歡樂與悲哀

　　有來無往

　　沒有天賦

　　5. 通過具體化加以引申

　　The car in front of me stopped, and I missed the green.

　　綠色 綠燈

　　Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.

　　麻煩 缺點

　　6. 增加原文中省略的部分

　　Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.

　　A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.

　　Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance an amendment be expected?

　　Students should learn from teachers and vice versa.

　　讀書使人充實,討論使人機(jī)智,寫作使人準(zhǔn)確

　　愚人會很快忘記說過的話,智者會很快放棄手里的錢

　　如果你對自己的錯誤都不能認(rèn)識到,怎么能指望你悔改呢

　　學(xué)生應(yīng)該向老師學(xué)習(xí),老師也應(yīng)該向?qū)W生學(xué)習(xí)

　　7. 從語法角度去省略

　　The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.

　　It is the people who are really powerful.

　　If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

　　On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the People’s Republic of China.

　　Delivery must be affected within the time stated on the purchase order.

　　人生的意義不在于已經(jīng)獲取的,而在于渴望得到什么樣的東西

　　人民才是最強(qiáng)大的

　　冬天來了,春天還會遠(yuǎn)嗎?

　　1997年7月,香港回歸了中華人民共和國

　　必須在購貨單規(guī)定的時間交貨

　　8. 重復(fù)法

　　This has been our position—but not theirs.

　　We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything.

　　He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.

　　這一直是我們的立場—而不是他們的立場

　　我們談到自己,談到前途,談到旅程,談到天氣,談到彼此的情況—談到所有的一切事情

　　他討厭失敗,他一生中曾戰(zhàn)勝失敗,超越失敗,并且藐視別人的失敗

　　三、從句

　　1. 主語從句

　　Whatever is worth doing should be done well.

　　任何值得做的事情都應(yīng)該做好

　　It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.

　　真奇怪,他竟然沒有看出自己的缺點

　　2. 賓語從句

　　I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.

　　我告訴他,由于那最后一個條件,我只得謝絕

　　We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.

　　打開國門,實行開放,我們認(rèn)為這是絕對必要

　　3. 表語從句

　　The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.

　　問題是我們能否贏得大多數(shù)人民群眾的支持

　　His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.

　　他對新聞界的看法是,記者們不是支持他,就是反對他

　　4. 同位語從句

　　We know the fact that bodies possess weight.

　　我們都知道物體具有重量這一事實

　　We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.

　　我們已經(jīng)得出這樣的結(jié)論:實踐是檢驗真理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　5. 定語從句

　　He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.

　　I told the story to Winson, who told it to his brother.

　　It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.

　　6. 狀語從句

　　時間狀語從句

　　Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.

　　他剛說出這些話,大家就沉默下來

　　原因狀語從句

　　We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent.

　　由于很多人沒有來,會議只好延期

　　條件狀語從句

　　It was better in case they were captured.

　　要是把他們抓到了,那就更好了

　　讓步狀語從句

　　No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.

　　不管我說什么,也不管我怎么說,他總是認(rèn)為我錯了

　　目的狀語從句

　　He emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget.

　　他反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點,免得她忘記了

　　結(jié)果狀語從句

　　The difference is such that all will perceive it.

　　差別這么大,所有的人都看得出來

　　四個維度

　　對英語原文理解的深度，自身的漢語修養(yǎng)程度，對英語、漢語所在的兩種文化、歷史、風(fēng)土人情等的正確掌握，需要真正擺脫原文束縛，遣詞造句盡量貼近原文，同時還要按照漢語習(xí)慣來表達(dá)英語原文的內(nèi)容。