托福閱讀材料之社會(huì)話題

　　關(guān)于托福閱讀插空題，我們首先要找到線索詞。所謂線索詞，就是能夠讓我們了解句子之間邏輯或者語法聯(lián)系的詞，線索詞亦是解題的關(guān)鍵。下面小編就給大家整理了幾類線索詞并附有例子來說明具體的方法。

　　線索詞類型：

　　第一類：代詞 eg. this, it, they

　　如果要插入的句子中有代詞，可是代詞所指代的內(nèi)容又沒有出現(xiàn)在句子本身，那么我們就可以根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)等性質(zhì)找到它指代的內(nèi)容，再插入到該句之后。

　　For example:

　　Where would the sentence best fit?

　　This is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages.

　　Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. ■How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? ■Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans. ■Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. ■In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale.

　　看到了this，明顯指代的是前文所提到的內(nèi)容。再根據(jù)句子后半部分a question that has puzzled scientists for ages, 了解到this的指代內(nèi)容原來是個(gè)question, 并且是科學(xué)難題。再看原文的四個(gè)插入點(diǎn)，第二個(gè)就明顯很合適了。

　　第二類：名詞 eg. 在句子中的形式一般為：this/these/such/another…+名詞

　　如果句子中的線索詞不是第一類的代詞，而是以第二類的這種形式出現(xiàn)，那么這個(gè)最后的名詞就是我們的線索詞，同學(xué)們要對于這個(gè)詞保持敏感。這個(gè)名詞一般會(huì)在原文已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過，我們要找到這個(gè)地方，再把句子插入適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?。之后要考慮句子插入后是否與插入口后面的句子保持正確的邏輯關(guān)系，如果邏輯通順就OK了!

　　For example：

　　Where would the sentence best fit?

　　This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing.

　　■ the raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation. ■The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil. ■This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion.■

　　這里的線索詞就是economic reliance,回去原文找根源，第二個(gè)插入口前面一句the raise of livestock is a major economic activity…，發(fā)現(xiàn)economic reliance就是major economic activity就是同義轉(zhuǎn)換。但是這個(gè)時(shí)候不要過于著急把句子插進(jìn)第二個(gè)插入口，你想一下啊，有可能作者在說這個(gè)topic的時(shí)候，有可能用了幾個(gè)句子來闡述，所以要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)一些，看看如果插入第二個(gè)口，和右邊句子的意思是否能銜接。這個(gè)例子中，插入句子描寫了一個(gè)不好的結(jié)果—overgrazing，而第二個(gè)插入口后一句話就是寫了consequences of excessive grazing,因此邏輯上也是通順的，可以安心地把句子放在第二個(gè)插入口了!

　　第三類：邏輯詞 eg.however/but /thus/accordingly/consequently/hence ...

　　以上兩類線索詞都是根據(jù)文中的語法聯(lián)系來解題的，可是有些題目中的插入句沒有這兩類線索詞，那么它的線索詞就可能是一些表示因果、轉(zhuǎn)折等各種邏輯關(guān)系的邏輯詞，舉例來說就是，however/but…這類表轉(zhuǎn)折和 thus/accordingly …這類表因果關(guān)系的詞，相信大家在寫作的時(shí)候已經(jīng)把這些詞倒背如流了吧!這一類的插入題可能比前兩類線索詞的題要相對難一些，因?yàn)楦蓴_項(xiàng)會(huì)比較強(qiáng)大，但是只要細(xì)心，理清前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，同學(xué)們還是可以攻克的!

　　For example:

　　Where would the sentence best fit?

　　Consequently, tunas do not need to suck in water.

　　■Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths and water is forced in and over their gills. ■Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. ■In fact, tunas must swim to breathe. ■They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.

　　這個(gè)題目中，插入句句首的consequently就是一個(gè)表結(jié)果的線索詞，表明前文所說的事情導(dǎo)致了tunas 不需要吸入水。我們看到第二個(gè)插入點(diǎn)的前一句話說，tunas張開嘴，水就會(huì)被推進(jìn)他們的嘴里，如果把插入句放在這句后面邏輯上是十分連貫的。可是一些人會(huì)覺得第三個(gè)插入點(diǎn)也很合適，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)插入點(diǎn)的前一句說，tunas失去了其他魚用來吸水的肌肉，如果后面說tunas不需要吸水貌似也合理，但是要注意，插入句用的是需要(need)，如果tunas失去了肌肉，那么就是不是需不需要，而是可不可以了。插入第二個(gè)插入點(diǎn)后，再檢查下前后文的連貫，發(fā)現(xiàn)很適合。如果放在第三個(gè)插入點(diǎn)的話，和后文的銜接就會(huì)變得奇怪。因此，同學(xué)們要細(xì)心一些，記得檢查!

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