搞定托福閱讀長難句

　　例1：

　　Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams.

　　托福閱讀文章句子成分分析：Ordinary meteoric water是句子的主語，is是系動詞，that引導的的定語從句修飾water，并在定語從句中做主語，has soaked謂語。

　　翻譯：普通的氣象水是由來自地表，雨雪降水以及湖泊溪流滲透到地下形成的。

　　例2：

　　For example, as the great ice sheets that covered North America during the last ice age steadily melted away, huge volumes of water flowed from them.

　　As引導時間狀語從句，the great ice sheets 是從句的主語，that引導定語從句并作從句的主語修飾the great ice sheets，melted away從句的謂語。Huge volumes of water是主句的主語，flowed是主句的謂語。

　　翻譯：例如，當最后一個冰河時代時期覆蓋北美的大量冰原漸漸融化的時候，大量的水從中流出。

　　例3：

　　In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state.

　　托福閱讀高分策略句子成分分析：In that case介詞短語作狀語，climax communities句子的主語，would be謂語動詞，since表原因。

　　翻譯：那樣的話，頂級群落將是最脆落的也是最不穩(wěn)定的，因為它們需要幾百年才能恢復到頂級群落的狀態(tài)。

　　例4：

　　It has long been accepted that the Americas were colonized by a migration of peoples from Asia, slowly traveling across a land bridge called Beringia (now the Bering Strait between northeastern Asia and Alaska) during the last Ice Age.

　　句子成分分析：it做形式主語，that從句做真正的主語

　　翻譯：在最后一個冰川時期，亞洲移民慢慢穿越白令陸橋殖民美洲，這是長期以來被人們接受的。白令陸橋就是現(xiàn)在位于亞洲東北部和阿拉斯加洲之間的白令海峽。

　　例5：

　　Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage：streams flowed where nature intended them to and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.

　　句子成分解析：這是一個由and連接的并列句。And之后的句子，是一個復合句，although引導讓步狀語從句。

　　翻譯：這些力的來源中只有最后一種完全適合機器的持續(xù)運轉;并且，盡管水力在L和S這兩個地方很豐富，它還使谷物磨坊和紡織廠運作，但水力有個很大的劣勢：溪水流向自然要讓它們?nèi)サ牡胤讲⑶铱克寗拥墓S必須坐落在河邊，不管這個位置對于其他因素是不是合理。

　　例6：

　　Early in the century, a pump had come into use in which expanding steam raised a piston in a cylinder, and atmospheric pressure brought it down again when the steam condensed inside the cylinder to form a vacuum.

　　句子成分分析：early in the century是時間狀語，and連接兩個并列句

　　翻譯：在本世紀早期，在泵的使用過程中，擴張的蒸汽推動氣缸中活塞向上升，然后當氣缸中的蒸汽冷凝后，形成真空狀態(tài)，大氣壓力使活塞又降下來。