托福閱讀材料之電視

　 小編導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)的托福閱讀材料為電視，從最初的黑白電視到現(xiàn)在的數(shù)字電視，其經(jīng)歷了長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展歷程，接下來(lái)跟著小編一起來(lái)了解一下我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪须x不開(kāi)的電視吧！

Television

　　電視

　　Television -- the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth -- is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.

　　電視--以快速變化與發(fā)展為標(biāo)志的最普遍、最具有影響力的一項(xiàng)現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，正在步入一個(gè)極端復(fù)雜化與多樣化的新時(shí)代。這個(gè)時(shí)代承諾重新塑造我們的生活和我們的世界。這可以稱得上是又一次電子革命，其關(guān)鍵在于電視技術(shù)與計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的結(jié)合。

　　The word "television", derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (visio: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image(focused on a special photo conductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image. Television is more than just an electronic system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.

　　"電視"這個(gè)詞來(lái)源于希臘語(yǔ)詞根(tele：遠(yuǎn))和拉丁語(yǔ)詞根(vision：景象)，可以從字面上理解為來(lái)自遠(yuǎn)處的景象。簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)來(lái)，電視是以這種方式工作的，通過(guò)一個(gè)復(fù)雜的電子系統(tǒng)，電視能夠?qū)⒁环鶊D像(這幅圖像被聚焦在一部攝像機(jī)內(nèi)的一塊特殊的光導(dǎo)底片上)轉(zhuǎn)換成能經(jīng)過(guò)導(dǎo)線或電纜發(fā)送出去的電子脈沖信號(hào)。當(dāng)這些電子脈沖信號(hào)被輸入一部接收機(jī)(電視機(jī))時(shí)，就可以用電子學(xué)的方法把脈沖信號(hào)重新恢復(fù)成同一幅圖像。但是，電視不僅僅是一個(gè)電子系統(tǒng)，它還是一種表達(dá)工具和傳播渠道。因此，電視成了一個(gè)對(duì)其他人發(fā)生影響的強(qiáng)大工具。

　　The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is nonbroadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques .Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.

　　電視這個(gè)領(lǐng)域可以根據(jù)其發(fā)射方式分為兩類。第一類為廣播電視，通過(guò)電視信號(hào)的寬帶無(wú)線電波發(fā)射展現(xiàn)在大眾面前;第二類為非廣播電視，使用受控的發(fā)射技術(shù)來(lái)滿足個(gè)人以及某些特殊利益群體的需要。電視早已成為大眾媒介。我們熟悉廣播電視，因?yàn)閺V播電視已經(jīng)以類似目前的方式存在了大約 37 年。在那些年頭中，電視絕大部分一直由 ABC、NBC、CBS 這 些廣播電視公司控制著，這些廣播電視公司一直是新聞、信息和娛樂(lè)的主要提供者。這些廣播業(yè)的巨頭實(shí)際上不僅塑造了電視，而且也塑造了我們對(duì)電視的理解。我們漸漸把顯像管看作是娛樂(lè)的來(lái)源，讓自己成為這個(gè)生動(dòng)的媒介的被動(dòng)觀眾。

本文中重難點(diǎn)詞匯解析：

persuasive：adv. 令人信服地;口才好地

例句：He argued persuasively, and was full of confidence.
他的論證很有說(shuō)服力，且充滿自信。

sophisticated：adj. 復(fù)雜的;精致的;

例句：Honeybees use one of the most sophisticated communication systems of any insect.
蜜蜂所使用的交流系統(tǒng)是昆蟲中最復(fù)雜的之一。

transmission：n. 傳動(dòng)裝置，[機(jī)] 變速器;傳遞;傳送;播送

例句：The transmission of the programme was brought forward due to its unexpected topicality.
該節(jié)目提前播送是因有出人意料的熱門話題。

entertainment：n. 娛樂(lè);消遣;

例句：Television has displaced film as our country's most popular form of entertainment.
電視已取代了電影，成為我國(guó)最大眾化的娛樂(lè)形式。

dynamic：adj. 動(dòng)力的;有活力的

例句：He seemed a dynamic and energetic leader.
他看來(lái)是個(gè)富有創(chuàng)新力與活力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。