托福閱讀：屠呦呦參加諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)?lì)C獎(jiǎng)典禮

　　北京時(shí)間11日00:12，屠呦呦接受諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間12月10日，在瑞典首都斯德哥爾摩市政廳，中國(guó)科學(xué)家屠呦呦(中)和丈夫李廷釗(右)出席2015年諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)晚宴。小編為大家?guī)?lái)托福閱讀雙語(yǔ)材料：屠呦呦參加諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)?lì)C獎(jiǎng)典禮，在托福真題中可能會(huì)涉及科學(xué)技術(shù)的等方面的話題，希望本文對(duì)大家有所幫助。

　　屠呦呦因開(kāi)創(chuàng)性地從中草藥中分離出青蒿素應(yīng)用于瘧疾治療獲得今年的諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。這是中國(guó)科學(xué)家在中國(guó)本土進(jìn)行的科學(xué)研究而首次獲諾貝爾科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，是中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)界迄今為止獲得的最高獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，也是中醫(yī)藥成果獲得的最高獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。

　　今年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獎(jiǎng)金共800萬(wàn)瑞典克朗(約合92萬(wàn)美元)，屠呦呦將獲得獎(jiǎng)金的一半(約300萬(wàn)人民幣)，另外兩名科學(xué)家將共享獎(jiǎng)金的另一半。

　　托福閱讀素材：屠呦呦英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)介

　　Tu Youyou (China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing) developed a therapy that has saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in the developing world. An artemisinin-based drug combination is now the standard regimn for malaria, and the World Health Organization (WHO) lists artemisinin and related agents in its catalog of "Essential Medicines." Each year, several hundred million people contract malaria. Without treatment, many more of them would de than do now. Tu led a team that transformed an ancient Chinese healing method into the most powerful antimalarial medicine currently available.

　　托福閱讀素材：屠呦呦獲諾獎(jiǎng)新聞報(bào)道

　　Tu Youyou, an 84-year-old female scientist, became the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science on Oct 5. While the news has stirred China’s national pride, it has also highlighted differences in prize-awarding practices between China and the world.

　　10月5日，84歲的女科學(xué)家屠呦呦成為第一位獲得諾貝爾科學(xué)類獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的中國(guó)公民。她獲獎(jiǎng)的消息激發(fā)了中國(guó)人的民族自豪感，也將中外評(píng)獎(jiǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的差異推向了輿論的中心。

　　Tu, a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, shared the 2015 Nobel Prize for Medicine with Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan for unlocking revolutionary treatments for parasitic diseases. Campbell and Omura were honored for their anti-roundworm treatment, while Tu came up with a new drug for malaria.

　　屠呦呦，中國(guó)中醫(yī)科學(xué)院研究員，同愛(ài)爾蘭科學(xué)家威廉•坎貝爾和日本科學(xué)家大村智一起獲得了2015年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，以表彰他們?cè)诩纳x(chóng)疾病治療研究方面取得的開(kāi)創(chuàng)性成就?？藏悹柡痛蟠灏l(fā)現(xiàn)了有效治療線蟲(chóng)的藥物，而屠呦呦則創(chuàng)制了新型抗瘧疾藥物。

　　Tu conducted research in the 1970s that led to the discovery of artemisinin, a drug that has considerably cut the number of malaria deaths and saved millions of lives. The treatment is based on an herb used in Chinese traditional medicine, called sweet wormwood. Artemisinin-based drugs are now the standard treatment for malaria.

　　20世紀(jì)70年代，屠呦呦就開(kāi)始進(jìn)行抗瘧疾藥物研究，最終發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素。青蒿素大幅地降低了瘧疾患者的死亡率，拯救了千百萬(wàn)人的生命。這種瘧疾療法是由中醫(yī)草藥——青蒿而來(lái)。目前，使用青蒿素復(fù)方藥物已經(jīng)成為治療瘧疾的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)療法。

　　When news broke that Tu was being awarded the prize, there were cheers as well as doubts. Some said the achievement was the result of collective efforts by lots of Chinese scientists, so it is unfair to award the prize only to Tu, China Youth Daily reported.

　　當(dāng)屠呦呦獲獎(jiǎng)的消息被報(bào)道后，有人歡呼，也有人質(zhì)疑。《中國(guó)青年報(bào)》報(bào)道：有人認(rèn)為青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn)是大批中國(guó)科學(xué)家集體努力的成果，而諾獎(jiǎng)卻只頒給了屠呦呦，這顯然不公平。

　　Indeed, domestic science awards are primarily presented to projects, instead of individual scientists, the newspaper pointed out.

　　該報(bào)還指出：國(guó)內(nèi)的科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)確實(shí)主要都是頒給科研項(xiàng)目而非科學(xué)家個(gè)人。

　　But Western awards tend to honor individual scientists who are the first to come up with a new idea or method, said Li Zhenzhen, a researcher with the China Academy of Sciences. “The West believes that the advancement of science originates from individuals’ creative minds,” said Li.

　　中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究員李真真告訴記者，西方獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)更傾向于將榮譽(yù)授予第一個(gè)提出某個(gè)新理念或新方法的科學(xué)家。李真真還補(bǔ)充到：“西方科學(xué)界認(rèn)為科學(xué)的進(jìn)步緣起于個(gè)人的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性思想。”

　　Tu got the award for three “firsts”. She was the first to bring artemisinin to her project team, the first to extract a form of artemisinin that can altogether inhibit malaria, and the first to complete a clinical trial, according to Zhang Boli, director of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.

　　屠呦呦獲獎(jiǎng)因?yàn)樗娜齻€(gè)“第一”。中國(guó)中醫(yī)科學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)張伯禮院士說(shuō)，屠呦呦是第一個(gè)把青蒿素帶到523項(xiàng)目組(523項(xiàng)目旨在研究抗瘧疾藥物)的人;她也第一個(gè)提取出有100%抑制力的青蒿素;她還是第一個(gè)做臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)的人。

　　“Awarding prizes to scientists with creative ideas is the source of national innovation,” Li suggested. “The key is to create fair rules to find the most convincing candidate.”

　　李真真認(rèn)為：“科學(xué)研究必須承認(rèn)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)提出原創(chuàng)思想的科學(xué)家，多一些獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)個(gè)人的，這才是國(guó)家創(chuàng)新的源泉，關(guān)鍵是設(shè)定合理規(guī)則選出讓人信服的那一個(gè)。”

　　托福詞匯學(xué)習(xí)：

　　parasitic [,pær?'sitik]

　　adj. 寄生的(等于parasitical)

　　malaria [m?'lε?ri?]

　　n. [內(nèi)科] 瘧疾;瘴氣

　　roundworm ['raundw?:m]

　　n. 蛔蟲(chóng)

　　extract [ik'strækt, 'ekstrækt]

　　vt. 提取;取出;摘錄;榨取n. 汁;摘錄;榨出物;選粹

　　Originate [?'rid??neit]

　　vt. 引起;創(chuàng)作vi. 發(fā)源;發(fā)生;起航

　　inhibit [in'hibit]

　　vt. 抑制;禁止