托福閱讀有幾道推理題
一、 推理的奧秘
我們都知道，推理判斷題的題目特征就是infer, imply, indicate, suggest等有“暗含”“隱喻”的詞，那么針對于推理判斷題，我們是不是一定要進行復雜而縝密的卷福式的“推理”呢?當然不會啦，請同學們記住，ETS是一個常年累月都在絞盡腦汁的維持自己題目難度保持一致的機構。這也是為什么不論我們參加當年哪一場的托福考試，學校對于分數(shù)的要求都沒有任何波動的原因。所以針對托福當中的任何題型難度也是驚人的萬年不變。所以，推理題的答案要以和原文一致為標準，并且考試中經常出現(xiàn)“推理而不推”的情況， 來說就是原文直接對應選項，沒有什么改變的“不推的推理題”的情況。
比如例題：(TPO34-P2-Q1)
What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about Britain’s short supply of wood in the eighteenth century?
A Wood from Britain’s great forests was being exported to other countries for profit.
B A growing population had required cutting down forests to increase available land for farming.
C Larger families required the construction of larger homes made from wood.
D What was left of the great forests after the medieval period was being strictly protected.
根據(jù)題目對應到第一句(切記當題目中有about就拿about后面內容回原文定位)，但信息過少于是看下一句Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had long ago been replaced by fields of grain and hay. 文中說因為人口增長，英國在中世紀時大部分森林已經被農田和牧草代替，因此木材更加缺乏，但是它卻一直都很重要。直接對應選項B。由此可見這并沒有什么推理過程。
二、 固定路徑的推理
固定路徑的推理是我們考察內容中非常重要的一點，要從題目和原文共同著手。而固定路徑推理又分為兩個部分：1.整體與部分，2.取反推理。
下面我們就分別來介紹
1. 整體與部分推理指的就是抽象和實際概念上的范圍推理。大范圍可以推導出對應小范圍的內容。比如“中國的陶瓷制品質量非常好”可以推導出“江西瓷器質量不錯”因為中國是大范圍，江西是其中的小范圍，所以這是可以推導出來的。
比如例題：(OG-THE ORIGINS OF CETACEANS)
8. It can be inferred that Basilosaurus breed and gave birth in which of the following locations
A. On land
B. Both on land and at sea
C. In shallow water
D. In a marine environment
對應原文B這種動物的定位得知： Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.說明這是一種完全海洋生物，所以在這種大環(huán)境下，題目的“breed and give birth ”都是在海洋中。選擇D
2. 取反推理指的就是我們所說的相反關系的標志，比如“在她來到我們班之前，我是最美的女生”這句話告訴我們一個什么信息呢?“她來了之后我就不是我們班最美的了”同理，如果推理判斷題中有標志性的時間或是事件點，他們前后的相反關系是至關重要的。
比如例題：(TPO6-P2-Q3)
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about canal building?
A. Canals were built primarily in the south of England rather than in other regions.
B. Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented.
C. Canal building made it difficult to study rock strata which often became damaged in the process.
D. Canal builders hired surveyors like Smith to examine exposed rock strata.
根據(jù)題目對應原文第一句：This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height.這句話告訴我們，在蒸汽機車出現(xiàn)之前，運河建筑處于頂峰，最高點的狀態(tài)。所以說明，在那之后，就不再最高。所以選擇B。同理還有TPO33-P3-Q12.TPO19-P3-Q5.TPO4—P3-Q6等
三、 不走尋常路的推理
不走尋常路就是說推理的范圍比較大，要自己選擇哪些內容比較重要。例如近期考試中經常出現(xiàn)給兩段范圍的推理題型。切記，既然題目給你兩段的范圍，那么一定不會只用到一段的信息。所以要找好切入點至關重要。定位到其中一段的位置之后，另一段中一定有些可以聯(lián)系起來的信息。
比如例題：(TPO7-P1-Q12)
Which of the following statements about leading Roman soldiers and statesmen is supported by paragraphs 5 and 6?
A. They could read and write the Greek language.
B. They frequently wrote poetry and plays.
C. They focused their writing on military matters.
D. They wrote according to their lives.
根據(jù)題目對應到原文: .It was no accident that many leading Roman soldiers and statesmen were writers of high caliber.，可是句子中沒有任何可以用來選擇的內容，這時一定注意題目給了兩段的范圍，所以我們根據(jù)這句話的信息“高素質的作家”回第五段定位，這時發(fā)現(xiàn)，It was absolutely accepted that an educated Roman should be fluent in Greek.高素質證明一定受過教育呀，所以對應到這句之后選擇A。
同理還有例題TPO27-P3-Q4 TPO14-P3-Q1+Q10 TPO11-P3-Q10
