托福閱讀邏輯關系怎樣引導?

　　雖然托福閱讀文章篇幅長，介紹的內(nèi)容也很多，但從沒有一種散亂的感覺，因為不管是托福還是其他的考試，文章中都會存在各種邏輯關系，下面就來介紹一下。

　　托福閱讀文章邏輯關系一：因果關系

　　因：because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of,with

　　果：so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus,consequently, accordingly

　　因果關系除了傳統(tǒng)意義上的顯性因果表達詞外，隱性的因果同樣是不可忽略的一個重要部分。

　　隱性因果：

　　A 導致(因-果)：cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, support,push, stimulate, spark, spur, fuel, produce, be responsible for

　　如The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants sothat many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs.

　　在這段話中，有l(wèi)ead to, 表示了導致的意思，即結(jié)果; 而so that 更進一步表示了后面的結(jié)果，所以可以充分判定這段話有因果關系的邏輯。

　　B 由…而來(果-因)：result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, beresponsive to, be attributable to

　　如 “The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendousnumbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing theprocess.”

　　在這段話中，根據(jù)result from可以推斷出有因果關系，那如果是解釋句子題時，選項中有因果關系就可以優(yōu)先考慮。

　　C 反映，體現(xiàn)(果-因): reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, show

　　This result demonstrates that…

　　D 考慮到: given, considering, in view of, thanks to, according to

　　He succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort.

　　E 依賴于: rely on, depend on, resort to,

　　He resorted to books when he had problems.

　　F 條件關系：when, once, as soon as, as long as

　　As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.

　　G 分詞短語，不定式做狀語

　　Failing in the final exam, she cried.

　　托福閱讀文章邏輯關系二：對比轉(zhuǎn)折關系

　　A 對比：while, whereas, on the other hand

　　在解釋句子題，插入句子題中，一旦出現(xiàn)對比關系，學生在掌握的基礎上就能非常快速的判定句間和句內(nèi)的關系。While, whereas 前后連接的是平行結(jié)構(gòu)，on the other hand前必定有on one hand, 可以用來把握句間關系。

　　B 轉(zhuǎn)折：but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however

　　托福閱讀文章邏輯關系三：比較關系

　　A 同級比較 as…as

　　B 比較級：more…than, -er than, less…than

　　C 變化：change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish, develop,pr**ress, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate, continue, remain

　　D 差異：different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable, compare…to

　　E 超越：surpass, exceed, excel, over

　　托福閱讀文章邏輯關系四：否定關系

　　顯性否定：no, not, never, nor, none neither

　　隱形否定：fail to, refuse, remove, miss, reject, absence of, lack of

　　否定前綴：a-, ab-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, non- , un-

　　否定前綴是詞匯題中經(jīng)常出的一個考點，把握否定前綴可以幫助考生把握一些生詞，依靠否定前綴對選項進行一個排除。

　　雙重否定托福閱讀詞匯：not fail to, not illegal, not uncommon, not unavailable

　　雙重否定是英文中經(jīng)常運用的表達方式，由于在平時中文對話中用的很少，隨意對雙重否定的把握就顯得特別的重要。

　　可以看出不同的邏輯關系有著不同的托福閱讀詞匯出現(xiàn)，大家如果能把握住這些關系相信對于理解托福閱讀文章會非常有幫助，希望以后的托福閱讀中大家能有所突破。