線索定位分析法破解考研英語(yǔ)完型填空（二）

　　一、如何用“時(shí)間線索”來(lái)解完型填空題?

　　若完型文章中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間信息一般都是非常有用的線索，因?yàn)橹灰ㄟ^(guò)分析這些時(shí)間線索就可以很快把握與這些時(shí)間線索聯(lián)系在一起的信息之間的關(guān)系。

　　例如：1998年完型試題的46題

　　“But they insisted that its(指工業(yè)革命) 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.”

　　43.[A]momentary[B]prompt[C]instant[D]immediate

　　46.[A]broadly[B]thoroughly[C]generally[D]completely

　　43.答案:[D]immediate

　　分析：本題考查形容詞的詞義辨析，關(guān)鍵要注意的已知信息點(diǎn)是后邊的一個(gè)時(shí)間段during the period from 1750 to 1850。 正是這個(gè)時(shí)間段決定了不可能選擇[A]momentary、[B]prompt以及[C]instant這三個(gè)均表示“時(shí)間短”的詞。而immediate除了立即的含義外，還包括邏輯上的“直接”的意思，本題在這里就是要表達(dá)工業(yè)革命“直接的結(jié)果”這個(gè)意思，所以[D]immediate為最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　46.答案：[D] completely

　　分析：本題考查副詞的詞義辨析，主要是在表示絕對(duì)性的[B]thoroughly(徹底地)、[D]completely(完全地)和表示相對(duì)性的、[C]generally(通常地，總體上地)之間做一個(gè)選擇。解出本題的關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)文章的已知信息分析出“英國(guó)是完全的農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)還是總體上的農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)”。做這個(gè)分析的關(guān)鍵信息是時(shí)間線索。文章給出了兩個(gè)時(shí)間段：

　　根據(jù)上述分析，應(yīng)該選擇表示“英國(guó)是完全的農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)”的選項(xiàng)。[B]thoroughly是指細(xì)節(jié)上的徹底，而[D]completely是指整體上的完全，顯然[D]completely更為合適。

　　例如：2002年完型試題的30題

　　“It is generally recognized, ( 29 however ), that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process.”

　　[A]brought[B]followed[C]stimulated[D]characterized

　　答案：[B]followed

　　分析：正確解出本題的關(guān)鍵是把握清楚本填空所連接的前后兩部分的邏輯關(guān)系，而且由于前后兩部分的信息都配有明確的時(shí)間線索，時(shí)間就成為最方便利用的已知信息：通過(guò)時(shí)間線索馬上明確了“計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)明”早于“集成電路的發(fā)明”，4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有[B]followed能夠正確表達(dá)這種時(shí)間關(guān)系，其他3個(gè)選項(xiàng)都將“集成電路的發(fā)明”表達(dá)成早于“計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)明”。

　　二、如何用“總分結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)照分析法”來(lái)解完型填空題?

　　由于總分之間的基本關(guān)系是互相支持，互相印證的對(duì)照關(guān)系，而且總述是對(duì)分述的總結(jié)和概括，而分述是對(duì)總述的展開(kāi)。當(dāng)一些未知填空出現(xiàn)在總述句時(shí)，解出這些填空的相關(guān)聯(lián)已知線索往往可以在與其對(duì)應(yīng)的分述部分找到。

　　例如：2000年完型試題的47題——應(yīng)用于形容詞的例子

　　“If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47. He must either sell some of his property or (48 seek)extra funds in form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low (49 rate)of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.”

　　[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained

　　答案：[B]self-sufficient

　　分析：本題處在一個(gè)總述句中：If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47。在此句話之前，文章都是在講If surplus is available(有贏余的情況下)，農(nóng)民的生活如何;實(shí)際上，從文章結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看，從本題開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了另一個(gè)意群，而If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47為這個(gè)意群的總述句，即如果沒(méi)有贏余，農(nóng)民會(huì)怎樣?所以，僅僅看本題所在的句子所包含的已知信息是不夠的，還要看其他地方的相關(guān)已知信息，這個(gè)關(guān)鍵的相關(guān)已知信息就在分述部分;因?yàn)榭偸霾糠质菍?duì)分述部分的高度概括，只要總結(jié)出分述部分，本題答案就迎刃而解。

　　總結(jié)一下分述部分很容易判斷出47題的答案一定是[B]self-sufficient,因?yàn)榭偸鼍渲械膎ot be self-sufficient恰恰是對(duì)分述的最佳概括。

　　例如：1999年完型試題的45題——應(yīng)用于動(dòng)詞的例子

　　“Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by (46 observing)rules or regulations. (47 Still) others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.”

　　[A]alter[B]differ[C]shift[D]distinguish

　　答案：[B]differ分析：45題所考查的動(dòng)詞處于本段的總述句中，既然分述所做的是“秉承總述的旨意”，我們通過(guò)分析分述的內(nèi)容就可以倒推出總述的意思。

　　通過(guò)分述可以總結(jié)出“3種都是成功的安全項(xiàng)目(主語(yǔ))”做的動(dòng)作都是“將重點(diǎn)放置于(謂語(yǔ))”，“但所放置的點(diǎn)不同(賓語(yǔ))”。由此分述總結(jié)出總述句的主語(yǔ)Successful safety programs所要做的動(dòng)作(46題)就是“differ”。

　　例如：2002年完型試題的21題——甚至可以應(yīng)用于介詞

　　“Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened(21). As was discussed before, it was not ( 22 ) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic ( 23 ) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the ( 24 ) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution ( 25 ) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading ( 26 ) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures ( 27 ) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in ( 28 ) . It is important to do so.

　　21.[A]between[B]before[C]since[D]later

　　答案：between分析：解除本題所考查的介詞處于文章的總述部分——“作者要在兩個(gè)時(shí)間階段之間做比較。然后說(shuō)：但是很多事情發(fā)生了”。再去總結(jié)分述部分——“文章首段講19世紀(jì)出現(xiàn)了許多信息產(chǎn)品”，正好支持總述的much had happened，19世紀(jì)處于兩個(gè)時(shí)間段之間，答案一定是between。