比爾·蓋茨夫婦斯坦福大學(xué)2014畢業(yè)典禮演講

Stanford University.

(斯坦福大學(xué))

BILL GATES: Congratulations, class of 2014!

比爾·蓋茨：2014屆畢業(yè)生，祝賀你們順利畢業(yè)

Melinda and I are excited to be here. It would be a thrill for anyone to be invited to speak at a Stanford commencement, but it's especially gratifying for us. Stanford is rapidly becoming the favorite university for members of our family, and it's long been a favorite university for Microsoft and our foundation.

我和梅琳達(dá)懷著激動(dòng)的心情與你們歡聚在此共賀畢業(yè)。能受邀到斯坦福大學(xué)學(xué)位授予典禮上做演講是一件讓人激動(dòng)的事，對(duì)我們而言，這尤為榮幸。斯坦福大學(xué)正日漸成為我們家庭成員最喜愛(ài)的大學(xué)。而長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)，斯坦福也是微軟以及比爾與梅琳達(dá)基金會(huì)最喜愛(ài)的一所大學(xué)。”

Our formula has been to get the smartest, most creative people working on the most important problems. It turns out that a disproportionate number of those people are at Stanford.

我們一直致力于讓最聰穎有創(chuàng)造力的人攻克最為重要的問(wèn)題。結(jié)果證明，一大部分這樣的人才都來(lái)自于斯坦福校園。

Right now, we have more than 30 foundation research projects underway here. When we want to learn more about the immune system to help cure the worst diseases, we work with Stanford. When we want to understand the changing landscape of higher education in the United States, so that more low-income students get college degrees, we work with Stanford. This is where genius lives.

如今，我們?cè)谶@里進(jìn)行著30多個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目。當(dāng)我們想要通過(guò)對(duì)免疫系統(tǒng)的研究來(lái)尋找治愈世界上最可怕疾病的方法，我們需要斯坦福。當(dāng)我們需要通過(guò)對(duì)美國(guó)高等教育的研究來(lái)幫助低收入學(xué)生上大學(xué)時(shí)，我們亦需要斯坦福。這便是人才的搖籃。

There's a flexibility of mind here, an openness to change, an eagerness for what's new. This is where people come to discover the future, and have fun doing it.

在這里，有著靈活的思維，對(duì)于改變的開(kāi)放態(tài)度以及對(duì)新鮮事物的渴求。在這里，人們善于發(fā)現(xiàn)新事物，并樂(lè)享這份經(jīng)歷。

MELINDA GATES: Now, some people call you all nerds and we hear that you claim that label with pride.

梅琳達(dá)•蓋茨：當(dāng)下，一些人用書(shū)呆子這樣詞語(yǔ)稱呼你們，而我們聽(tīng)說(shuō)你們正為這個(gè)稱呼而倍感驕傲。

BILL GATES: Well, so do we.

比爾蓋茨：嗯，我們與你們同在。

BILL GATES: My normal glasses really aren't all that different.

比爾蓋茨：我的這副普通眼鏡也沒(méi)多大差異嘛。

There are so many remarkable things going on here at this campus, but if Melinda and I had to put into one word what we love most about Stanford, it's the optimism.

There's an infectious feeling here that innovation can solve almost every problem.That's the belief that drove me in 1975 to leave a college in the suburbs of Boston and go on an endless leave of absence.

在這所校園中，每時(shí)每刻都有非凡的事件發(fā)生，但如果要我和梅琳達(dá)用一個(gè)詞來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)斯坦福的摯愛(ài)，那便是“樂(lè)觀”。這是一種極富感染力的樂(lè)觀精神，那便是，所有的問(wèn)題在創(chuàng)新之下都能迎刃而解。這便是驅(qū)使我在1975年離開(kāi)波士頓郊區(qū)的大學(xué)，并永遠(yuǎn)輟學(xué)的一個(gè)動(dòng)力。

I believed that the magic of computers and software would empower people everywhere and make the world much, much better.

當(dāng)時(shí)的我相信計(jì)算機(jī)和軟件的魔力能夠賦予全世界人民以力量，并能夠讓這個(gè)世界變得更加美好。

It's been 40 years since then, and 20 years since Melinda and I were married.We are both more optimistic now than ever. But on our journey, our optimism evolved.

據(jù)那時(shí)算起，已有40年之久，我和梅琳達(dá)喜結(jié)連理也有20年之遠(yuǎn)了。這些年間，我們都比過(guò)去更為樂(lè)觀開(kāi)朗，但是在這些人生之旅中，我們的樂(lè)觀也實(shí)現(xiàn)了進(jìn)化。

We would like to tell you what we learned and talk to you today about how your optimism and ours can do more for more people.When Paul Allen and I started Microsoft, we wanted to bring the power of computers and software to the people, and that was the kind of rhetoric we used.One of the pioneering books in the field had a raised fist on the cover, and it was called "Computer Lib."

我們今天很想與大家分享我們所學(xué)到的一切，并和你們聊聊我們的和你們的樂(lè)觀精神怎樣為更多的人服務(wù)。當(dāng)初和保羅創(chuàng)立微軟之時(shí)，我們的目標(biāo)是把計(jì)算機(jī)和軟件的力量普及到普通大眾，這便是我們當(dāng)時(shí)的說(shuō)法。在早期的一本書(shū)上的封面有一個(gè)上揚(yáng)的拳頭，他們稱之為《計(jì)算機(jī)解放》。

At that time, only big businesses could buy computers.We wanted to offer the same power to regular people and democratize computing.

在那個(gè)時(shí)候，只有大企業(yè)才能購(gòu)置計(jì)算機(jī)。我們想讓這種計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備普及到社會(huì)大眾并讓計(jì)算機(jī)民主化。

By the 1990s, we saw how profoundly personal computers could empower people, but that success created a new dilemma.If rich kids got computers and poor kids didn't, then technology would make inequality worse.That ran counter to our core belief.

在上個(gè)世紀(jì)90年代，我們目睹了個(gè)人電腦對(duì)人們的巨大效用，但是這種成功同時(shí)造成了新的困局。如果富人的孩子擁有計(jì)算機(jī)而窮人的孩子卻不能時(shí)，這種科技會(huì)加劇不平等。而這與我們的核心理念相抵觸。

Technology should benefit everyone.

科技應(yīng)當(dāng)惠及萬(wàn)眾。

So we worked to close the digital divide. I made it a priority at Microsoft, and Melinda and I made it an early priority at our Foundation. Donating personal computers to public libraries to make sure that everyone had access.

因此我們應(yīng)當(dāng)努力縮小這種差距。我將它定位為微軟的首要任務(wù)，也是我和梅琳達(dá)在建立基金會(huì)之初的首要任務(wù)。為公眾圖書(shū)館捐獻(xiàn)個(gè)人電腦從而確保人人都能有機(jī)會(huì)使用。

The digital divide was a focus of mine in 1997, when I took my first trip to South Africa. I went there on business so I spent most of my time in meetings in downtown Johannesburg. I stayed in the home of one of the richest families in South Africa.

當(dāng)我在1997年首次出訪南非時(shí)，我便開(kāi)始關(guān)注“數(shù)碼鴻溝”。因公事出差的我將大部分時(shí)間都花費(fèi)在約翰內(nèi)斯堡的市區(qū)開(kāi)會(huì)中。當(dāng)時(shí)我住在南非最富裕的一戶家庭中。

It had only been three years since the election of Nelson Mandela marked the end of apartheid. When I sat down for dinner with my hosts, they used a bell to call the butler. After dinner, the women and men separated and the men smoked cigars. I thought, good thing I read Jane Austen, or I wouldn't have known what was going on.

那時(shí)距離尼爾森•曼德拉上臺(tái)，并結(jié)束種族隔離只有3年。當(dāng)我同主人共進(jìn)晚餐時(shí)，他們使用鈴鐺來(lái)使喚管家。在晚飯后，男女相互分開(kāi)而男人們開(kāi)始抽雪茄。當(dāng)時(shí)我想，幸好我讀過(guò)簡(jiǎn)•奧斯汀的書(shū)否則我就不知道發(fā)生了什么。

But the next day I went to Soweto, the poor township southwest of Johannesburg, that had been the center of the anti-apartheid movement. It was a short distance from the city into the township, but the entry was sudden, jarring and harsh.

但在第二天我去了索韋托，約翰內(nèi)斯堡西南的一個(gè)貧窮小鎮(zhèn)，那里曾經(jīng)是反種族隔離的中心。盡管從約翰內(nèi)斯堡到索韋托路程不長(zhǎng)，但從進(jìn)入索韋托的那一刻起，一切都令人無(wú)比震驚。

I passed into a world completely unlike the one I came from. My visit to Soweto became an early lesson in how naive I was. Microsoft was donating computers and software to a community center there. The kind of thing we did in the United States.

我覺(jué)得我來(lái)到了一個(gè)和我所來(lái)自的地方截然不同的世界。索韋托之行讓我很早便意識(shí)到自己竟是如此天真。微軟向那里的一個(gè)社區(qū)中心捐贈(zèng)計(jì)算機(jī)和軟件。和我們?cè)诿绹?guó)所做的一切相同。

But it became clear to me, very quickly, that this was not the United States.

但是我很快明白了，這里并不是美國(guó)。

I had seen statistics on poverty, but I had never really seen poverty.The people there lived in corrugated tin shacks with no electricity, no water, no toilets. Most people didn't wear shoes. They walked barefoot along the streets, except there were no streets, just ruts in the mud.

我曾經(jīng)閱覽過(guò)有關(guān)貧窮的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，但是卻未曾目睹過(guò)貧窮。那里的人們住在用鐵皮搭成的簡(jiǎn)陋棚戶里，沒(méi)有電，沒(méi)有自來(lái)水，也沒(méi)有廁所。人們幾乎不穿鞋，赤腳行走?；蛘呖梢哉f(shuō)根本沒(méi)有街道，只是一些坑洼的泥土路。

The community center had no consistent source of power. So they rigged up an extension cord that ran 200 feet from the center to the diesel generator outside. Looking at this setup, I knew the minute the reporters left, the generator would get moved to a more urgent task. And the people who used the community center would go back to worrying about challenges that couldn't be solved by a personal computer.

由于社區(qū)中心沒(méi)有持續(xù)供電的設(shè)施，所以他們安裝了一根延長(zhǎng)線連接到200英尺以外的柴油發(fā)電機(jī)上?？催^(guò)了這些裝置，我明白了一旦記者離開(kāi)后，發(fā)電機(jī)將會(huì)被運(yùn)用到更緊迫的任務(wù)上。使用社區(qū)中心的人們也會(huì)因此而離開(kāi)，為電腦所不能解決的問(wèn)題而擔(dān)憂。

When I gave my prepared remarks to the press, I said Soweto is a milestone. There are major decisions ahead about whether technology will leave the developing world behind. This is to close the gap.

當(dāng)我向媒體道出已準(zhǔn)備好的發(fā)言時(shí)，我談到索韋托的經(jīng)歷對(duì)我而言是一個(gè)里程碑，我們所面臨的重大決定是科技是否會(huì)讓發(fā)展中國(guó)家落后。這也便是要縮小差距。

But as I read those words, I knew they weren't super relevant. What I didn't say was, by the way, we're not focused on the fact that half a million people on this continent are dying every year from malaria. But we are sure as hell going to bring you computers.

但當(dāng)我說(shuō)出這些詞時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他們并不是如此相關(guān)。我沒(méi)有說(shuō)的是，“順便說(shuō)一下，我們并沒(méi)有注意到這個(gè)大洲上每年都會(huì)有50萬(wàn)人死于瘧疾的事實(shí)。”但我們還是萬(wàn)分確信我們會(huì)為他們帶來(lái)計(jì)算機(jī)。

Before I went to Soweto, I thought I understood the world's problems but I was blind to many of the most important ones. I was so taken aback by what I saw that I had to ask myself, did I still believe that innovation could solve the world's toughest problems? I promised myself that before I came back to Africa, I would find out more about what keeps people poor.

在我去索韋托之前，我認(rèn)為自己很理解這個(gè)世界存在的問(wèn)題，可那時(shí)我才明白我忽視了最重要的問(wèn)題，我不停問(wèn)自己‘你還認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新能解決世界上最棘手的問(wèn)題嗎?’我向自己保證，在重回非洲之前，會(huì)找到更多讓人們貧窮的原因。

Over the years, Melinda and I did learn more about the pressing needs of the poor.

數(shù)年來(lái)，我和梅琳達(dá)確實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了窮人們的當(dāng)務(wù)之需。

On a later trip to South Africa, I paid a visit to a hospital for patients with MDR-TB, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, a disease with a cure rate of under 50%. I remember that hospital as a place of despair.

在后來(lái)一次到南非的時(shí)候，我去了一家住有很多抗藥性肺結(jié)核患者和耐多藥結(jié)核病患者的醫(yī)院，這是一種治愈率不到50%的頑疾。我還記得那個(gè)充滿絕望的地方。

It was a giant open ward, with a sea of patients shuffling around in pajamas, wearing masks. There was one floor just for children, including some babies lying in bed. They had a little school for kids who were well enough to learn, but many of the children couldn't make it, and the hospital didn't seem to know whether it was worth it to keep the school open.

在一個(gè)巨大的開(kāi)放性病房里，住著很多很多病人，他們穿著睡衣，帶著口罩，慢慢挪動(dòng)著。有一層樓是專為孩童開(kāi)設(shè)的，其中包括還在臥床的嬰兒們。醫(yī)院中也為適齡兒童設(shè)有小學(xué)校，但是大多數(shù)孩子都無(wú)法戰(zhàn)勝病魔踏入學(xué)堂，因此醫(yī)院似乎并不確信是否有必要開(kāi)設(shè)這所學(xué)校。

I talked to a patient there in her early 30s. She had been a worker at a TB hospital when she came down with a cough. She went to a doctor and he told her said she had drug-resistant TB. She was later diagnosed with AIDS. She wasn't going to live much longer, but there were plenty of MDR patients waiting to take her bed when she vacated it. This was hell with a waiting list.

我同一位30多歲的病人做了交談，并了解到她曾肺結(jié)核醫(yī)院的一名職工，因?yàn)榭人远〉埂Ｋ戳酸t(yī)生，醫(yī)生告訴她患上了耐藥性結(jié)核病，在后來(lái)也被診斷患有艾滋。她活不了過(guò)久了，但有很多耐多藥結(jié)核病患者卻“覬覦”著她即將空出的床位。這是一個(gè)有很多候場(chǎng)病人的地獄。

But seeing this hell didn't reduce my optimism. It channeled it. I got into the car as I left and I told the doctor we were working with I know MDR-TB is hard to cure, but we must do something for these people. And, in fact, this year, we are entering phase three with the new TB drug regime for patients who respond, instead of a 50% cure rate after 18 months for $2,000, we get an 80% cure rate after six months for under $100.

但是目睹了這個(gè)地域并不能減少我的樂(lè)觀心態(tài)，相反，它指導(dǎo)著樂(lè)觀的前行。在我們離開(kāi)時(shí)，我在車?yán)锔c我們同行的醫(yī)生說(shuō)，我雖然知道耐多藥結(jié)核病是一種頑疾，但我們必須為這些人做一些實(shí)事。實(shí)際上，在今年，我們進(jìn)入了新結(jié)核藥物研發(fā)的第三階段，對(duì)于那些病人而言，他們不再需為18個(gè)月50%的治愈率而花費(fèi)2000美元，我們的新藥物花費(fèi)不超100美元便能在6個(gè)月后實(shí)現(xiàn)80%的治愈率。

Optimism is often dismissed as false hope. But there is also false hopelessness. That's the attitude that says we can't defeat poverty and disease. We absolutely can.

樂(lè)觀常被視為錯(cuò)誤的希望。但是錯(cuò)誤的無(wú)望也存在于世，那就是我們無(wú)法擊敗貧困和疾病的態(tài)度。但我們卻能夠做到。

MELINDA GATES: Bill called me that day after he visited the TB hospital and normally if one of us is on an international trip, we will go through our agenda for the day and who we met and where we have been. But this call was different.

在比爾去過(guò)結(jié)核病醫(yī)院后，他曾給我致電。(因?yàn)?慣例上當(dāng)我們其中一個(gè)出國(guó)的話，我們都會(huì)聊聊這天我們遇到的人和我們?nèi)ミ^(guò)的地方。但是這番電話有些特別。

Bill said to me, Melinda, I have been somewhere that I have never been before. And then he choked up and he couldn't go on. And he finally just said, I will tell you more when I get home. And I knew what he was going through because when you see people with so little hope, it breaks your heart.

比爾說(shuō)，梅琳達(dá)，我(今天)去了一個(gè)我之前從未去過(guò)的地方。然后他哽咽地說(shuō)不出話了。他最后只是說(shuō)，等我回來(lái)了再詳細(xì)告訴你。(其實(shí))我知道他經(jīng)歷了什么，因?yàn)楫?dāng)你看到瀕臨絕望的人們，他會(huì)讓你十分悲痛。

But if you want to do the most, you have to go see the worst, and I've had days like that too. About ten years ago, I traveled with a group of friends to India. And on last day I was there, I had a meeting with a group of prostitutes and I expected to talk to them about the risk of AIDS that they were facing, but what they wanted to talk to me about was stigma.

但是如果你想做得更多，你必須要看到最壞的情況，我也經(jīng)歷過(guò)那些日子。大概十年前，我和一群朋友去印度旅游。在我臨走的那一天，我和一群妓女進(jìn)行了交談，我希望跟她們講她們所面對(duì)得艾滋病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但是她們想跟我聊的只是(作為妓女的)恥辱。

Many of these women had been abandoned by their husbands. That's why they even went into prostitution. They wanted to be able to feed their children. They were so low in the eyes of society that they could be raped and robbed and beaten by anyone, even the police, and nobody cared.

這當(dāng)中的很多人都是被她們的丈夫所拋棄。這就是為什么她們?nèi)ベu淫的原因。她們想養(yǎng)活自己的孩子。他們?cè)谏鐣?huì)的眼中是如此卑微，以致于她們可以被任何人甚至是警察強(qiáng)奸，搶劫，甚至挨揍，(而)根本沒(méi)有人會(huì)在意(她們)

Talking to them about their lives was so moving to me, but what I remember most was how much they wanted to be touched. They wanted to touch me and to be touched by them. It was if physical contact somehow proved their worth. And so before I left, we linked arms hand in hand and did a photo together.

聊起她們的生活讓我感觸至深。但是我印象最深的就是她們多么想接觸他人。她們希望觸摸我，也希望讓我能去觸碰她們也許是通過(guò)這種身體上的觸碰證明了她們存在的價(jià)值。所以當(dāng)我離開(kāi)之前，我們肩并肩，手牽手，一起照了相。

Later that same day, I spent some time in India in a home for the dying. I walked into a large hall and I saw rows and rows of cot and every cot was attended to except for one, that was far off in the corner. And so I decided to go over there.

之后在那天，我去了印度的一個(gè)彌留者的家中。我走進(jìn)大廳，我看見(jiàn)一排排的床，除了遠(yuǎn)在角落的一張床，每張床都有人在照顧。所以我決定過(guò)去看看。

The patient who was in this room was a woman in her 30s. And I remember her eyes. She had these huge, brown, sorrowful eyes. She was emaciated and on the verge of death. Her intestines were not holding anything and so the workers had they put a pan under her bed, and cut a hole in the bottom of the bed and everything in her was just pouring out into that pan. And I could tell that she had AIDS. Both in the way she looked and the fact that she was off in this corner alone.

這位病人是一個(gè)30歲左右的婦女。我還記得她的眼睛的樣子。她有著大而悲傷的棕色的眼睛。當(dāng)時(shí)的她如此憔悴并且徘徊在死亡的邊緣。她的腸道里什么東西也盛不下，所以那里的工作人員就在她的床下放了一個(gè)盤(pán)子，然后在床的底部開(kāi)了個(gè)洞，這樣一切東西就能傾瀉到那個(gè)盤(pán)子中。我看得出她得了艾滋病。不僅可以從她的外表，而且也可以從她獨(dú)自在這個(gè)角落中看出來(lái)。

The stigma of AIDS is vicious, especially for women. And the punishment is abandonment. When I arrived at her cot, I suddenly felt completely and totally helpless. I had absolutely nothing I could offer this woman. I knew I couldn't save her. But I didn't want her to be alone. So I knelt down with her and I put my hand out and she reached for my hand and grabbed it and she wouldn't let it go. I didn't speak her language and I couldn't think of what I should say to her. And finally I just said to her, it's going to be okay. It's going to be okay. It's not your fault.

得艾滋病令人聲名狼藉，特別是對(duì)女性。并且得病的懲罰就是被拋棄。當(dāng)我走進(jìn)她床邊時(shí)，我突然感覺(jué)徹底的無(wú)力和無(wú)助感。我無(wú)能為力實(shí)施幫助。我知道我不能救活她。但是我不想讓她獨(dú)自一人(死去)。所以我跪下來(lái)然后伸出手，她摸到我的手然后就抓住，不松開(kāi)。我不會(huì)說(shuō)她們的語(yǔ)言而且我也不知道我能對(duì)她說(shuō)什么。最后我只是對(duì)她說(shuō)，一切都會(huì)好起來(lái)的。一切都會(huì)好起來(lái)的。這不是你的錯(cuò)。

And after I had been with her for sometime, she started pointing to the roof top. She clearly wanted to go up and I realized the sun was going down and what she wanted to do was go up on the roof top and see the sunset. So the workers in this home for the dying were very busy and I said to them, you know, can we take her up on the roof top? No. No. We have to pass out medicines. So I waited that for that to happen and I asked another worker and they said, No no no, we are too busy. We can't get her up there. And so finally I just scooped this woman up in my arms.

在我陪著她待了一會(huì)之后，她的手指向了屋頂。很顯然她很想上屋頂，而我發(fā)現(xiàn)太陽(yáng)快要落山了，所以她想做的就是等上屋頂并且看日落。那時(shí)房子里的工作人員非常忙碌，然后我對(duì)他們說(shuō)，我們能不能把她抬到屋頂上?不行。我們現(xiàn)在必須要分派藥物。所以我就等著他們分派藥物，然后我又問(wèn)了另外的工作人員，他們說(shuō)不行，我們太忙了。我們不能抬她上去。所以，最后我就把她抱在了懷中。

She was nothing more than skin over bones and I took her up on the roof top, and I found one of those plastic chairs that blows over in a light breeze. I put her there, sat her down, put a blanket over her legs and she sat there facing to the west, watching the sunset. The workers knew -- I made sure they knew that she was up there so that they would bring her down later that evening after the sun went down and then I had to leave.

她不過(guò)是骨瘦如柴，我就抱著她上了屋頂。找到了一個(gè)在微風(fēng)的吹拂下響著的破舊不堪塑料凳。我把她放在椅子上，拿一個(gè)毛毯蓋住她的腿，然后她就坐在那里望向西邊，看著日落。工作人員知道她在屋頂上，我確保他們知道并且會(huì)在日落以后把她帶下來(lái)。而不久后我就要離開(kāi)。

But she never left me. I felt completely and totally inadequate in the face of this woman's death. But sometimes, it's the people that you can't help that inspire you the most.

但是她從未離開(kāi)過(guò)我。我感到徹底的無(wú)力去面對(duì)這位婦女的死亡。但是有時(shí)，就正是這些你不能幫助的人群給了你最大的激勵(lì)。

I knew that those sex workers I had met in the morning could be the woman that I carried upstairs later that evening. Unless we found a way to defy the stigma that hung over their lives.

我知道早上我碰到的那些性工作者將來(lái)可能就會(huì)是那天夜晚我抱上屋頂婦女的樣子。除非我們找到一個(gè)方法來(lái)對(duì)抗這個(gè)羈絆她們一生的恥辱。

Over the past ten years, our Foundation has helped sex workers build support groups so they could empower one another to speak up and demand safe sex and that their clients use condoms. Their brave efforts have helped to keep HIV prevalence low among sex workers and a lot of studies show that's the big reason why the AIDS epidemic has not exploded in India.

過(guò)去的十年中，我們的基金已經(jīng)幫助性工作者建立了支持小組，那樣她們可以互相協(xié)助，要求安全的性行為，讓客戶就使用安全套。正是因?yàn)樾苑?wù)者們勇敢的努力保持了性工作者的低HIV感染率，并且很多研究表明這就是為什么印度沒(méi)有大范圍地爆發(fā)艾滋病的一個(gè)重要原因。

When these sex workers gathered together to help stop AIDS transmission, something unexpected and wonderful happened. The community they formed became a platform for everything. Police and others who raped and robbed them couldn't get away with it anymore. The women set up systems to encourage savings for one another and with those savings, they were able to leave sex work. This was all done by people that society considered the lowest of the low.

如果這些性工作者一起幫助阻止艾滋病的傳播，就會(huì)發(fā)生意想不到的好事。她們形成的這個(gè)社區(qū)成為了一個(gè)任何事互相協(xié)助的平臺(tái)。警察和其他任何強(qiáng)奸或者搶劫她們的人都不可能無(wú)法無(wú)天。婦女們組建起了互相鼓勵(lì)儲(chǔ)蓄財(cái)產(chǎn)的系統(tǒng)，這樣有了足夠的儲(chǔ)蓄，她們就可以離開(kāi)性服務(wù)行業(yè)。這就是那些在社會(huì)上被視作底層中的最下等人做的事情。

Optimism, for me, is not a passive expectation that things are going to get better. For me, it's a conviction and a belief that we can make things better. So no matter how much suffering we see, no matter how bad it is, we can help people if we don't lose hope help and if we don't look away.

對(duì)我而言，樂(lè)觀并非消極地期待事情會(huì)變好而是一種相信事情會(huì)做的更好的確信和信念。因此不管我們目睹了怎樣的痛苦，不管事態(tài)如何糟糕，如果我們沒(méi)有失去希望不轉(zhuǎn)頭而去，那么我們便能伸出援手。

BILL GATES: Melinda and I have described some devastating scenes, but we want to make the strongest case we can for the power of optimism. Even in dire situations, optimism fuels innovation and leads to new approaches that eliminate suffering. But if you never really see the people that are suffering, your optimism can't help them. You will never change their world. And that brings me to what I see is a paradox.

比爾蓋茨：我和梅琳達(dá)描述了幾個(gè)最為在男性的畫(huà)面，但是我們還是要盡量強(qiáng)調(diào)樂(lè)觀的力量。即使是在絕境之中，樂(lè)觀也會(huì)加速創(chuàng)新，產(chǎn)生新的避免痛苦的方法。但是如果你從未看過(guò)那些痛苦折磨著的人時(shí)，你的樂(lè)觀也將無(wú)能為力。你也將不會(huì)改變他們的世界。這讓我想到了我眼中的一個(gè)悖論。

The modern world is an incredible source of innovation and Stanford stands at the center of that, creating new companies, new schools of thought, prize-winning professors, inspired art and literature, miracle drugs, and amazing graduates. Whether you are a scientist with a new discovery, or working in the trenches to understand the needs of the most marginalized, you are advancing amazing breakthroughs in what human beings can do for each other.

現(xiàn)代社會(huì)擁有無(wú)與倫比的創(chuàng)新精神，而斯坦福大學(xué)正處在創(chuàng)新的核心。斯坦福孕育了許許多多的新公司，有思想的學(xué)校，碩果累累的教授，富有靈感的藝術(shù)文化，創(chuàng)新的軟件，藥品，還有優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)生。無(wú)論你是收獲新發(fā)現(xiàn)的科學(xué)家，還是在深溝中了解社會(huì)最邊緣人的需求，你都在為人類相互間的協(xié)作做出驚人的突破。

At the same time, if you ask people across the United States is the future going to be better than the past, most say no. My kids will be worse off than I am. They think innovation won't make the world better for them or their children.

同時(shí)，如果你問(wèn)全美國(guó)的人——未來(lái)回避過(guò)去更好嗎?大部分人會(huì)說(shuō)不，我的孩子不如我優(yōu)秀。他們認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新不會(huì)讓自己或孩子的世界更好。

So who is right? The people who say innovation will create new possibilities and make the world better? Or the people who see a trend toward inequality and a decline in opportunity and don't think innovation will change that?

那么誰(shuí)是對(duì)的?是那些說(shuō)創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)生新機(jī)遇讓世界更好的人么?還是那些目睹不平衡的趨勢(shì)，目睹機(jī)遇減少且不指望創(chuàng)新帶來(lái)改變的人呢?

The pessimists are wrong, in my view. But they are not crazy. If innovation is purely market driven, and we don't focus on the big inequities, then we could have amazing advances and in inventions that leave the world even more divided. We won't improve cure public schools, we won't cure malaria, we won't end poverty. We won't develop the innovations poor farmers need to grow food in a changing climate.

在我看來(lái)，悲觀者是錯(cuò)誤的。但是他們并不瘋狂。如果創(chuàng)新僅憑市場(chǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)，我們都不關(guān)注不公正現(xiàn)象，那么我們的重大發(fā)明將令世界的兩極分化更加嚴(yán)重。我們不會(huì)改善公立學(xué)校，我們不會(huì)治愈瘧疾，更不會(huì)終止貧窮。我們不會(huì)研發(fā)出讓貧困農(nóng)民在氣候變化中也能種出植物的發(fā)明。

If our optimism doesn't address the problems that affect so many of our fellow human beings, then our optimism needs more empathy. If empathy channels our optimism, we will see the poverty and the disease and the poor schools. We will answer with our innovations and we will surprise the pessimists.

如果我們的樂(lè)觀無(wú)法用來(lái)解決那些影響許許多多同胞的問(wèn)題，那么這種樂(lè)觀主義還需要融入更多的移情元素。如果我們能在樂(lè)觀中融入同情，我們就能解決貧困，疾病以及教育匱乏的問(wèn)題。我們會(huì)以創(chuàng)新作答，并震驚那些悲觀主義者。

Over the next generation, you, Stanford graduates, will lead a new wave of innovation. Which problems will you decide to solve? If your world is wide, you can create the future we all want. If your world is narrow, you may create the future the pessimists fear.

在下一代中，你們，這些斯坦福畢業(yè)生，將開(kāi)啟一波創(chuàng)新的新潮。你們會(huì)決定解決哪些問(wèn)題呢?如果你的世界很寬，那么就能創(chuàng)造出我們理想的未來(lái)。如果你的世界很狹隘，就會(huì)造出悲觀者恐懼的未來(lái)。

I started learning in Soweto, that if we are going to make our optimism matter to everyone, and empower people everyone, we have to see the lives of those most in need. If we have optimism, without empathy, then it doesn't matter how much we master the secrets of science.

正如我在索維托所學(xué)到的，如果我們要讓自己的樂(lè)觀影響所有人，并賦予他們力量，我們就要看到他們最緊迫的需求。如果我們的樂(lè)觀沒(méi)有融入同情，那么我們掌握多少科學(xué)秘密也沒(méi)有任何用處。

We are not really solving problems. We are just working on puzzles. I think most of you have a broader world view than I had at your age. You can do better at this than I did. If you put your hearts and minds to it, you can surprise the pessimists. We are eager to see it.

我們都解決不了世界上的難題。我們只是在玩智力游戲罷了。我想，你們中的大多數(shù)人比當(dāng)時(shí)的我視野更寬廣。你們會(huì)比曾經(jīng)的我做得更出色。如果你們?nèi)硇牡赝渡碛诖?，你們便能震驚那些悲觀者。我們對(duì)之迫不及待。

MELINDA GATES: So let your heart break. It will change what you do with your optimism.

梅琳達(dá)•蓋茨：讓你們的心為之而碎。這會(huì)改變你們處理樂(lè)觀的方式。

On a trip to south Asia, I met a desperately poor Indian woman. She had two children and she begged me to take them home with me. And when I begged her for her forgiveness she said, well then, please, just take one of them.

在去南亞的旅行中，我遇見(jiàn)了一位貧困潦倒的印度婦女。育有兩子，她后來(lái)乞求我讓我把這兩個(gè)孩子帶走。當(dāng)我祈求她原諒時(shí)，她說(shuō)，那好吧，請(qǐng)至少帶走一個(gè)也可以吧。

On another trip to south Los Angeles, I met with a group of the students from a tough neighborhood. A young girl said to me, do you ever feel like we are the kids' whose parents shirked their responsibilities and we are just the leftovers? These women broke my heart.

在另一個(gè)去洛杉磯南部的旅途中，我遇見(jiàn)了一群來(lái)自貧困社區(qū)的學(xué)生。一個(gè)年輕女孩對(duì)我說(shuō)，你是不是覺(jué)得我們就是那群父母逃避責(zé)任，我們只是留守兒童呢?這些女性讓我心碎。

And they still do. And the empathy intensifies if I admit to myself, that could be me. When I talk with the mothers I meet during my travels, there's no difference between what we want for our children. The only difference is our ability to provide it to our children.

而她們現(xiàn)在依然讓我心碎。當(dāng)我對(duì)自己承認(rèn)，我也可能會(huì)是她們中的一員。我與旅途中的母親交流時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們想給予孩子的沒(méi)有什么不同。唯一的不同在于我們將其給予孩子的能力。

So what accounts for that difference? Bill and I talk about this with our own kids around the dinner table. Bill worked incredibly hard and he took risks and he made sacrifices for success. But there's another essential ingredient of success, and that is luck. Absolute and total luck. When were you born? Who are your parents? Where did you grow up? None of us earn these things. These things were given to us.

那么差距何在呢?我和比爾曾就此問(wèn)題與我們的孩子在餐桌上共同討論。比爾工作非常努力，他冒過(guò)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，為成功做出不少犧牲。但是還有一個(gè)成功的重要因素，那便是運(yùn)氣。完完全全的運(yùn)氣。你出生何處?你的父母是誰(shuí)?你在哪里成長(zhǎng)?沒(méi)有任何人賺得這些東西，我們只是被賜予了這些東西而已。

So when we strip away all of our luck and our privilege and we consider where we would be without them, it becomes someone much easier to see someone who is poor and say, that could be me. And that's empathy. Empathy tears down barriers and it opens up whole new frontiers for optimism.

所以當(dāng)我們剝?nèi)ミ\(yùn)氣和優(yōu)待，并思考沒(méi)有他們我們會(huì)將如何時(shí)，這個(gè)人就更容易看到那些貧困者，并說(shuō)，這可能就是我。這就是同情心，同情心抹平障礙，為樂(lè)觀敞開(kāi)新的大門(mén)。

So here is our appeal to you all. As you leave Stanford, take all your genius and your optimism and your empathy, and go change the world in ways that will make millions of people optimistic. You don't have to rush. You have careers to launch and debts to pay and spouses to meet and marry. That's plenty enough for right now. But in the course of your lives, perhaps without any plan on your part, you will see suffering that's going to break your heart. And when it happens, don't turn away from it. That's the moment that change is born.

所以這就是我們對(duì)你們所有人的呼吁。在你離開(kāi)斯坦福校園之后，帶著你的天分，樂(lè)觀以及同情心，改變這個(gè)世界，讓數(shù)百萬(wàn)人為之樂(lè)觀起來(lái)。你無(wú)須急功近利，你還要開(kāi)創(chuàng)事業(yè)，付清債款，找尋另一半并喜結(jié)良緣?，F(xiàn)在就這些便足夠了，但是在你們的生命之中，可能你們并未計(jì)劃過(guò)，你會(huì)目睹那些讓你心碎的苦楚。當(dāng)這些痛苦發(fā)生時(shí)，不要掩面離開(kāi)，在這一刻，改變因此而孕育。

Congratulations and good luck to the class of 2014!

最后，向2014屆畢業(yè)生表示祝賀，并祝你們好運(yùn)!