奧巴馬在韓國外國語大學的演講

3月26日在韓國首爾，美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在韓國外國語大學發(fā)表演講。奧巴馬此行韓國參加26日至27日在韓國首都首爾舉行的第二次核安全峰會。

Obama’s Speech at Hankuk University in Seoul

奧巴馬在韓國外國語大學的演講

PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. (Applause.) Thank you so much. Thank you. (Applause.) Please, thank you very much.

奧巴馬總統(tǒng)：謝謝你們。(掌聲)非常感謝。謝謝。(掌聲)非常感謝。

To President Park, faculty, staff and students, thank you so much for this very warm welcome. It is a great honor to be here at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. (Applause.) I want to thank Dr. Park for, a few moments ago, making me an honorary alumni of the university. (Applause.)

樸(Park)校長、教職員工和同學們，非常感謝你們這么熱情的歡迎。來到韓國外國語大學令我深感榮幸。(掌聲)我要感謝樸博士剛才宣布我為貴校的榮譽校友。

I know that this school has one of the world’s finest foreign language programs -- which means that your English is much better than my Korean. (Laughter.) All I can say is, kamsa hamnida. (Applause.)

我知道貴校擁有世界上最好的外語學習項目之一，這就是說你們的英語比我的韓語要好得多。(笑聲)我只能說kamsa hamnida(韓文，意為“謝謝”)。(掌聲)

Now, this is my third visit to the Republic of Korea as President. I've now been to Seoul more times than any other capital -- except for Washington, D.C., of course. This reflects the extraordinary bonds between our two countries and our commitment to each other. I’m pleased that we’re joined by so many leaders here today, Koreans and Americans, who help keep us free and strong and prosperous every day. That includes our first Korean-American ambassador to the Republic of Korea -- Ambassador Sung Kim. (Applause.)

這是我作為總統(tǒng)對大韓民國的第三次訪問。我到訪首爾的次數(shù)超過了訪問任何其他國家首都的次數(shù)——當然除了華盛頓以外。這體現(xiàn)了我們兩國之間不同尋常的關系和相互支持。我非常高興，今天有如此眾多的使我們每天享有自由、強大和繁榮的韓美領導人在座，其中包括我國首次由美國韓裔擔任的駐韓大使——金成(Sung Kim)大使。(掌聲)

I’ve seen the deep connections between our peoples in my own life -- among friends, colleagues. I’ve seen it so many patriotic Korean Americans, including a man born in this city of Seoul, who came to America and has dedicated his life to lifting up the poor and sick of the world. And last week I was proud to nominate him to lead the World Bank -- Dr. Jim Yong Kim. (Applause.)

我在自己的生活中看到了我們兩國人民之間根深葉茂的聯(lián)系——在朋友和同事中間。我看到，有如此多的愛國的美國韓裔——包括一個出生在首爾市的人——到美國后畢生致力于幫助世界上的窮人和病人擺脫困境。上個星期，我榮幸地提名他為世界銀行(World Bank)行長——金辰勇(Jim Yong Kim)博士。(掌聲)

I’ve also seen the bonds in our men and women in uniform, like the American and Korean troops I visited yesterday along the DMZ -- Freedom’s Frontier. And we salute their service and are very grateful for them. We honor all those who have given their lives in our defense, including the 46 brave souls who perished aboard the Cheonan two years ago today. And in their memory we reaffirm the enduring promise at the core of our alliance -- we stand together, and the commitment of the United States to the defense and the security of the Republic of Korea will never waver. (Applause.)

我還看到了我們兩國身著軍裝的男女軍人之間的紐帶，我昨天在被稱為自由前沿(Freedom’s Frontier)的非軍事區(qū)所訪問的美韓部隊就是這樣。他們?yōu)閲Я?，我們向他們致敬，并向他們表示深切的感謝。我向所有為保衛(wèi)我們而捐軀的軍人表示敬意，包括兩年前的今天在“天安”號(Cheonan)上逝去的46個英魂。為了紀念他們，我們重申作為兩國同盟的核心的持久承諾——我們站在一起，我們對大韓民國的防衛(wèi)與安全所作的承諾永不動搖。(掌聲)

Most of all, I see the strength of our alliance in all of you. For decades, this school has produced leaders -- public servants, diplomats, business people -- who’ve helped propel the modern miracle that is Korea-- transforming it from crushing poverty to one of the world’s most dynamic economies; from authoritarianism to a thriving democracy; from a country focused inward to a leader for security and prosperity not only in this region but also around the world -- a truly “Global Korea.”

最重要的是，我們從你們大家身上看到了兩國同盟的力量。數(shù)十年來，貴校培養(yǎng)了各方面的領軍人物——為推動韓國這一現(xiàn)代奇跡向前邁進而作出貢獻的公務員、外交人員和工商界人士，他們把韓國從一個極度貧窮的國家變成世界上最有活力的經濟體之一，把它從一個專制國家變成一個欣欣向榮的民主國家，從一個僅關注自身的內向國家變成一個帶頭維護本地區(qū)乃至全世界安全與繁榮的國家——一個真正的“全球韓國”。

So to all the students here today, this is the Korea your generation will inherit. And I believe there's no limits to what our two nations can achieve together. For like your parents and grandparents before you, you know that the future is what we make of it. And you know that in our digital age, we can connect and innovate across borders like never before -- with your smart phones and Twitter and Me2Day and Kakao Talk. (Laughter and applause.) It’s no wonder so many people around the world have caught the Korean Wave, Hallyu. (Applause.)

因此，我要對今天所有在座的學生們說，這就是你們這一代人將要傳承的韓國。我相信，我們兩國可以共同做到的事是沒有限度的。就像你們的父輩和祖輩，你們也知道未來是靠我們自己來創(chuàng)造的。你們知道，在我們這個數(shù)字化時代，我們能夠做到從未做過的，通過你們的智能電話、推特、Me2Day(小編注：韓國提供微博服務的網站)和Kakao Talk(小編注：韓國的一種通訊應用程序)，穿越國境進行聯(lián)系和開展創(chuàng)新。(笑聲和掌聲)難怪世界上有這么多人著迷于韓流，Hallyu。(掌聲)

Or consider this: In advance of my visit, our embassy invited Koreans to send us your questions using social media. Some of you may have sent questions. And they called it, "Ask President Obama." Now, one of you -- maybe it was you, maybe it was somebody else -- this is true -- asked this question: “Have you posted, yourself, a supportive opinion on a website under a disguised name, pretending you are one of the supporters of President Obama?” (Laughter.) I hadn’t thought of this. (Laughter.) But the truth is I have not done this. Maybe my daughters have. (Laughter.) But I haven’t done that myself.

再考慮一下這一點：在我到訪前，我國大使館邀請韓國人通過社會媒體向我們提出你們的問題。你們有些人可能已經發(fā)送了問題。他們將此稱為，“問一問奧巴馬總統(tǒng)”。你們當中有一個人——或許是你，或許是別人——這是真的——問了這么一個問題：“你本人有沒有假裝成奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的一個擁護者，在某個網站上用假名貼出表達支持奧巴馬總統(tǒng)意見的帖子?”(笑聲)我沒有想到過要這么做。(笑聲)事實是，我沒有這么做過。也許我的女兒們這么做了。(笑聲)但我自己沒這么做過。

So our shared future -- and the unprecedented opportunity to meet shared challenges together -- is what brings me to Seoul. Over the next two days, under President Lee’s leadership, we’ll move ahead with the urgent work of preventing nuclear terrorism by securing the world’s nuclear materials. This is an important part of the broader, comprehensive agenda that I want to talk with you about today -- our vision of a world without nuclear weapons.

因此，我們共同的未來，以及我們一道應對共同挑戰(zhàn)的前所未有的機會，是我前來首爾的目的。在今后兩天里，在李明博(Lee)總統(tǒng)的主持下，我們將開展一項緊急工作，通過確保全世界核材料的安全來防止核恐怖主義。這是我今天想跟你們談一談的更廣泛、更全面的議程的一個重要部分——我們關于一個沒有核武器的世界的愿景。

Three years ago, I traveled to Prague and I declared America’s commitment to stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and to seeking a world without them. I said I knew that this goal would not be reached quickly, perhaps not in my lifetime, but I knew we had to begin, with concrete steps. And in your generation, I see the spirit we need in this endeavor -- an optimism that beats in the hearts of so many young people around the world. It’s that refusal to accept the world as it is, the imagination to see the world as it ought to be, and the courage to turn that vision into reality. So today, with you, I want to take stock of our journey and chart our next steps.

三年前，我前往布拉格，宣布美國承諾制止核武器擴散，尋求一個無核武器的世界。我當時說我知道這個目標不可能很快實現(xiàn)，也許在我的有生之年沒有可能，但我知道我們必須開始行動，并采取具體步驟。在你們這一代，我看到我們作出這一努力所需要的精神——洋溢在全世界各地如此多的年輕人心中的樂觀情緒。這就是不甘于世界的現(xiàn)狀，要求實現(xiàn)世界應有狀態(tài)的想象力和讓這一愿望轉變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實的勇氣。所以，今天，我想與你們一起確定我們的歷程并規(guī)劃下一步行動。

Here in Seoul, more than 50 nations will mark our progress toward the goal we set at the summit I hosted two years ago in Washington -- securing the world’s vulnerable nuclear materials in four years so that they never fall into the hands of terrorists. And since then, nations -- including the United States -- have boosted security at nuclear facilities.

在漢城，為了實現(xiàn)兩年前我們在華盛頓由我主持華盛頓峰會期間制定的目標，50多個國家將取得我們的進展。預定的目標要求在4年內保障全世界危險的核材料的安全，永遠不使這些材料落入恐怖主義分子之手。從那時起，各國——包括美國在內——都增強了核設施的安全。

South Korea, Japan, Pakistan and others are building new centers to improve nuclear security and training. Nations like Kazakhstan have moved nuclear materials to more secure locations. Mexico, and just yesterday Ukraine, have joined the ranks of nations that have removed all the highly enriched uranium from their territory. All told, thousands of pounds of nuclear material have been removed from vulnerable sites around the world. This was deadly material that is now secure and can now never be used against a city like Seoul.

韓國、日本、巴基斯坦等國正在建設新的中心，加強核安全和訓練。例如薩克斯坦等國已經把核材料轉移到更安全的地方。墨西哥已和其他國家一起從本國國土上消除所有的高濃縮鈾。昨天烏克蘭也加入了這個行列?？偠灾?，數(shù)千磅核材料已從全世界安全環(huán)節(jié)薄弱的設施被消除。這些都是致命的材料，如今已有保障，再也不會被用于襲擊像首爾這樣的城市。

We’re also using every tool at our disposal to break up black markets and nuclear material. Countries like Georgia and Moldova have seized highly enriched uranium from smugglers. And countries like Jordan are building their own counter-smuggling teams, and we’re tying them together in a global network of intelligence and law enforcement. Nearly 20 nations have now ratified the treaties and international partnerships that are at the center of our efforts. And I should add that with the death of Osama bin Laden and the major blows that we’ve struck against al Qaeda, a terrorist organization that has actively sought nuclear weapons is now on the path to defeat.

我們還利用我們所掌握的每一個工具，打擊黑市和核材料走私。格魯吉亞和摩爾多瓦等國已從走私犯手中截獲了高濃縮鈾。約旦等國家正在建立自己的反走私隊伍，我們把他們聯(lián)合起來組成一個情報和執(zhí)法的全??球網絡。近20個國家已經批準了作為我們核心工作的條約和國際合作伙伴關系。我要補充說，在我們擊斃烏薩馬·本·拉登并重創(chuàng)基地組織后，這個妄圖尋求核武器的恐怖主義組織正在走向毀滅。

So in short, the international community has made it harder than ever for terrorists to acquire nuclear weapons, and that has made us all safer. We’re building an international architecture that can ensure nuclear safety. But we’re under no illusions. We know that nuclear material, enough for many weapons, is still being stored without adequate protection. And we know that terrorists and criminal gangs are still trying to get their hands on it -- as well as radioactive material for a dirty bomb. We know that just the smallest amount of plutonium -- about the size of an apple -- could kill hundreds of thousands and spark a global crisis. The danger of nuclear terrorism remains one of the greatest threats to global security.

因此簡言之，國際社會已經比以往任何時候都讓恐怖主義分子更難獲取核武器，使我們大家更安全。我們正在建立一個可以確保核安全的國際架構。但我們并不心存幻想。我們知道，足以制造許多武器的核材料仍然儲藏在缺乏足夠保護的地方。我們知道，恐怖主義分子和犯罪團伙仍有覬覦之心——還包括制作臟彈的放射性材料。我們知道，數(shù)量很少的一點點钚——約一個蘋果大小——就可以殺死成千上萬的人，并引發(fā)一場全球性危機。核恐怖主義的危險仍然是對全球安全最大的威脅之一。

And that's why here in Seoul, we need to keep at it. And I believe we will. We’re expecting dozens of nations to announce over the next several days that they’ve fulfilled the promises they made two years ago. And we’re now expecting more commitments -- tangible, concrete action -- to secure nuclear materials and, in some cases, remove them completely. This is the serious, sustained global effort that we need, and it's an example of more nations bearing the responsibility and the costs of meeting global challenges. This is how the international community should work in the 21st century. And Korea is one of the key leaders in this process.

這就是為什么我們需要在首爾再接再厲。而且我相信我們能做到。我們期待著幾十個國家在未來幾天宣布，他們已經完成了他們兩年前作出的承諾。現(xiàn)在，我們正期待更多的承諾——切實的具體行動——保障核材料的安全，在有些情況下完全消除核材料。這是我們需要進行的認真和持續(xù)的全球性努力。這是更多的國家為應對全球性挑戰(zhàn)承擔責任和代價的一個范例。這說明國際社會在21世紀應該如何工作。韓國是這個過程的主導力量之一。

The United States will continue to do our part -- securing our own material and helping others protect theirs. We’re moving forward with Russia to eliminate enough plutonium for about 17,000 nuclear weapons and turn it instead into electricity. I can announce today a new agreement by the United States and several European partners toward sustaining the supply of medical isotopes that are used to treat cancer and heart disease without the use of highly enriched uranium. And we will work with industry and hospitals and research centers in the United States and around the world, to recover thousands of unneeded radiological materials so that they can never do us harm.

美國將繼續(xù)盡我們的職責——保護我們自己的核材料，也幫助他人保護他們的核材料。我們正在與俄羅斯一起努力，銷毀足以制造約17,000件核武器的钚，使其轉換為電能。我今天可以宣布，美國和幾個歐洲合作伙伴已達成的新協(xié)議，保障治療癌癥和心臟病的醫(yī)用同位素的供應，不再使用高濃縮鈾。我們將與美國和全世界有關行業(yè)、醫(yī)院和研究中心共同努力，回收數(shù)千項不需要的放射性材料，使它們不能危害我們。

Now, American leadership has been essential to progress in a second area -- taking concrete steps towards a world without nuclear weapons. As a party to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, this is our obligation, and it’s one that I take very seriously. But I believe the United States has a unique responsibility to act -- indeed, we have a moral obligation. I say this as President of the only nation ever to use nuclear weapons. I say it as a Commander-in-Chief who knows that our nuclear codes are never far from my side. Most of all, I say it as a father, who wants my two young daughters to grow up in a world where everything they know and love can’t be instantly wiped out.

美國的領導地位對于在第二個領域取得進步是必不可少的——采取具體措施實現(xiàn)無核武器的世界。作為《不擴散核武器條約》(Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty)的締約國，這是我們的義務，是一個我非常認真地對待的義務。我相信美國有獨特的責任采取行動——事實上，我們有道德的義務。我這樣說，作為有史以來唯一使用過核武器的國家的總統(tǒng)。我這樣說，作為一名總司令，我知道我們的核武器密碼從來沒有遠離過我的身旁。最重要的是，我這樣說，也作為一位父親，他希望自己兩個年幼的女兒，能夠在一個她們所熟悉和喜愛的一切都不會被立即化為烏有的世界上成長。

Over the past three years, we’ve made important progress. With Russia, we’re now reducing our arsenal under the New START Treaty -- the most comprehensive arms control agreement in nearly 20 years. And when we’re done, we will have cut American and Russian deployed nuclear warheads to their lowest levels since the 1950s.

過去三年以來，我們取得了重要進展。我們與俄羅斯基于《削減戰(zhàn)略武器新條約》((New START Treaty)——這是近20 來最為全面的軍備控制協(xié)議——正在削減我們的核武庫。在完成這一輪削減后，美國和俄羅斯將把核彈頭部署數(shù)量減少到自上世紀50年代以來的最低水平。

As President, I changed our nuclear posture to reduce the number and role of nuclear weapons in our national security strategy. I made it clear that the United States will not develop new nuclear warheads. And we will not pursue new military missions for nuclear weapons. We’ve narrowed the range of contingencies under which we would ever use or threaten to use nuclear weapons. At the same time, I’ve made it clear that so long as nuclear weapons exist, we’ll work with our Congress to maintain a safe, secure and effective arsenal that guarantees the defense not only of the United States but also our allies -- including South Korea and Japan.

作為美國總統(tǒng)，我改變了我們的核武器態(tài)勢以減少核武器數(shù)量及其在我們的國家安全戰(zhàn)略中的作用。我明確表示，美國將不發(fā)展新的核彈頭，我們將不進行有關核武器的新的軍事使命。我們縮小了可能使用或威脅使用核武器的突發(fā)事件的范圍。與此同時，我也明確表示，只要核武器還存在一天，我就將與我們的國會共同努力來維持一個安全、有保障并且有效的核武庫，不僅能保衛(wèi)美國，而且能保衛(wèi)我們的盟國——包括韓國和日本。

My administration’s nuclear posture recognizes that the massive nuclear arsenal we inherited from the Cold War is poorly suited to today’s threats, including nuclear terrorism. So last summer, I directed my national security team to conduct a comprehensive study of our nuclear forces. That study is still underway. But even as we have more work to do, we can already say with confidence that we have more nuclear weapons than we need. Even after New START, the United States will still have more than 1,500 deployed nuclear weapons, and some 5,000 warheads.

本屆政府的核態(tài)勢體現(xiàn)這樣一種認識，即我們從冷戰(zhàn)時期所繼承的巨大的核武庫不能適應包括核恐怖主義在內的當代威脅。因此，去年夏天，我指示我的國家安全班子對我們的的核力量進行全面考察，這項工作仍在進行。但即使仍有許多工作待做，我們已經能夠有把握地說，我們擁有的核武器超出我們的需要。即使在落實《削減戰(zhàn)略武器新條約》以后，美國部署的核武器仍將超過1,500多件并擁有大約5,000枚彈頭。