布什于2005年在聯(lián)合國六十周年大會上的演講

布什于2005年在聯(lián)合國六十周年大會上的演講 英文版

Mr. Secretary General, Mr. President, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,

Thank you for the privilege of being here for the 60th anniversary of the United Nations. Thank you for your dedication to the vital work and great ideals of this institution.

We meet at a time of great challenge for America and the world. At this moment, men and women along my country’s Gulf Coast are recovering from one of the worst natural disasters in American history. Many have lost homes, and loved ones, and all their earthly possessions. In Alabama and Mississippi and Louisiana, whole neighborhoods have been lifted from their foundations and sent crashing into the streets. A great American city is working to turn the flood waters and reclaim its future.

We have witnessed the awesome power of nature—and the greater power of human compassion. Americans have responded to their neighbors in need, and so have many of the nations represented in this chamber. All together, more than 115 countries and nearly a dozen international organizations have stepped forward with offers of assistance. To every nation, every province, and every community across the world that is standing with the American people in this hour of need, I offer the thanks of my nation.

Your response, like the response to last year’s tsunami, has shown once again that the world is more compassionate and hopeful when we act together. This truth was the inspiration for the United Nations. The U.N.’s founding members laid out great and honorable goals in the charter they drafted six decades ago. That document commits this organization to work to“save succeeding generations from the scourge of war,”“reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights,”and“promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.”We remain committed to those noble ideals. As we respond to great humanitarian needs, we must actively respond to the other great challenges of our time. We must continue to work to ease suffering, and to spread freedom, and to lay the foundations of lasting peace for our children and grandchildren.

In this young century, the far corners of the world are linked more closely than ever before—and no nation can remain isolated and indifferent to the struggles of others. When a country, or a region is filled with despair, and resentment and vulnerable to violent and aggressive ideologies, the threat passes easily across oceans and borders, and could threaten the security of any peaceful country.

Terrorism fed by anger and despair has come to Tunisia, to Indonesia, to Kenya, to Tanzania, to Morocco, to Israel, to Saudi Arabia, to the United States, to Turkey, to Spain, to Russia, to Egypt, to Iraq, and the United Kingdom. And those who have not seen attacks on their own soil have still shared in the sorrow—from Australians killed in Bali, to Italians killed in Egypt, to the citizens of dozens of nations who were killed on September the 11th, 2001, here in the city where we meet. The lesson is clear: There can be no safety in looking away, or seeking the quiet life by ignoring the hardship and oppression of others. Either hope will spread, or violence will spread—and we must take the side of hope.

Sometimes our security will require confronting threats directly, and so a great coalition of nations has come together to fight the terrorists across the world. We’ve worked together to help break up terrorist networks that cross borders, and rout out radical cells within our own borders. We’ve eliminated terrorist sanctuaries. We’re using our diplomatic and financial tools to cut off their financing and drain them of support. And as we fight, the terrorists must know that the world stands united against them. We must complete the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism that will put every nation on record: The targeting and deliberate killing by terrorists of civilians and non-combatants cannot be justified or legitimized by any cause or grievance.

And the world’s free nations are determined to stop the terrorists and their allies from acquiring the terrible weapons that would allow them to kill on a scale equal to their hatred. For that reason, more than 60 countries are supporting the Proliferation Security Initiative to intercept shipments of weapons of mass destruction on land, on sea, and in air. The terrorists must know that wherever they go, they cannot escape justice.

Later today, the Security Council has an opportunity to put the terrorists on notice when it votes on a resolution that condemns the incitement of terrorist acts—the resolution that calls upon all states to take appropriate steps to end such incitement. We also need to sign and implement the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism, so that all those who seek radioactive materials or nuclear devices are prosecuted and extradited, wherever they are. We must send a clear message to the rulers of outlaw regimes that sponsor terror and pursue weapons of mass murder: You will not be allowed to threaten the peace and stability of the world.

Confronting our enemies is essential, and so civilized nations will continue to take the fight to the terrorists. Yet we know that this war will not be won by force of arms alone. We must defeat the terrorists on the battlefield, and we must also defeat them in the battle of ideas. We must change the conditions that allow terrorists to flourish and recruit, by spreading the hope of freedom to millions who’ve never known it. We must help raise up the failing states and stagnant societies that provide fertile ground for the terrorists. We must defend and extend a vision of human dignity, and opportunity, and prosperity—a vision far stronger than the dark appeal of resentment and murder.

To spread a vision of hope, the United States is determined to help nations that are struggling with poverty. We are committed to the Millennium Development Goals. This is an ambitious agenda that includes cutting poverty and hunger in half, ensuring that every boy and girl in the world has access to primary education, and halting the spread of AIDS—all by 2015.

We have a moral obligation to help others—and a moral duty to make sure our actions are effective. At Monterrey in 2002, we agreed to a new vision for the way we fight poverty, and curb corruption, and provide aid in this new millennium. Developing countries agreed to take responsibility for their own economic progress through good governance and sound policies and the rule of law. Developed countries agreed to support those efforts, including increased aid to nations that undertake necessary reforms. My own country has sought to implement the Monterrey Consensus by establishing the new Millennium Challenge Account. This account is increasing U.S. aid for countries that govern justly, invest in their people, and promote economic freedom.

More needs to be done. I call on all the world’s nations to implement the Monterrey Consensus. Implementing the Monterrey Consensus means continuing on the long, hard road to reform. Implementing the Monterrey Consensus means creating a genuine partnership between developed and developing countries to replace the donor-client relationship of the past. And implementing the Monterrey Consensus means welcoming all developing countries as full participants to the global economy, with all the requisite benefits and responsibilities.

Tying aid to reform is essential to eliminating poverty, but our work doesn’t end there. For many countries, AIDS, malaria, and other diseases are both humanitarian tragedies and significant obstacles to development. We must give poor countries access to the emergency lifesaving drugs they need to fight these infectious epidemics. Through our bilateral programs and the Global Fund, the United States will continue to lead the world in providing the resources to defeat the plague of HIV-AIDS.

Today America is working with local authorities and organizations in the largest initiative in history to combat a specific disease. Across Africa, we’re helping local health officials expand AIDS testing facilities, train and support doctors and nurses and counselors, and upgrade clinics and hospitals. Working with our African partners, we have now delivered lifesaving treatment to more than 230,000 people in sub-Sahara Africa. We are ahead of schedule to meet an important objective: providing HIV-AIDS treatment for nearly two million adults and children in Africa. At the G-8 Summit at Gleneagles, Scotland, we set a clear goal: an AIDS-free generation in Africa. And I challenge every member of the United Nations to take concrete steps to achieve that goal.

We’re also working to fight malaria. This preventable disease kills more than a million people around the world every year—and leaves poverty and grief in every land it touches. The United States has set a goal of cutting the malaria death rate in half in at least 15 highly endemic African countries. To achieve that goal, we’ve pledged to increase our funding for malaria treatment and prevention by more than $1.2 billion over the next five years. We invite other nations to join us in this effort by committing specific aid to the dozens of other African nations in need of it. Together we can fight malaria and save hundreds of thousands of lives, and bring new hope to countries that have been devastated by this terrible disease.

As we strengthen our commitments to fighting malaria and AIDS, we must also remain on the offensive against new threats to public health such as the Avian Influenza. If left unchallenged, this virus could become the first pandemic of the 21st century. We must not allow that to happen. Today I am announcing a new International Partnership on Avian and Pandemic Influenza. The Partnership requires countries that face an outbreak to immediately share information and provide samples to the World Health Organization. By requiring transparency, we can respond more rapidly to dangerous outbreaks and stop them on time. Many nations have already joined this partnership; we invite all nations to participate. It’s essential we work together, and as we do so, we will fulfill a moral duty to protect our citizens, and heal the sick, and comfort the afflicted.

Even with increased aid to fight disease and reform economies, many nations are held back by another heavy challenge: the burden of debt. So America and many nations have also acted to lift this burden that limits the growth of developing economies, and holds millions of people in poverty. Today poor countries with the heaviest debt burdens are receiving more than $30 billion in debt relief. And to prevent the build-up of future debt, my country and other nations have agreed that international financial institutions should increasingly provide new aid in the form of grants, rather than loans. The G-8 agreed at Gleneagles to go further. To break the lend-and-forgive cycle permanently, we agreed to cancel 100 percent of the debt for the world’s most heavily indebted nations. I call upon the World Bank and the IMF to finalize this historic agreement as soon as possible.

We will fight to lift the burden of poverty from places of suffering—not just for the moment, but permanently. And the surest path to greater wealth is greater trade. In a letter he wrote to me in August, the Secretary General commended the G-8’s work, but told me that aid and debt relief are not enough. The Secretary General said that we also need to reduce trade barriers and subsidies that are holding developing countries back. I agree with the Secretary General: The Doha Round is“the most promising way”to achieve this goal.

A successful Doha Round will reduce and eliminate tariffs and other barriers on farm and industrial goods. It will end unfair agricultural subsidies. It will open up global markets for services. Under Doha, every nation will gain, and the developing world stands to gain the most. Historically, developing nations that open themselves up to trade grow at several times the rate of other countries. The elimination of trade barriers could lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty over the next 15 years. The stakes are high. The lives and futures of millions of the world’s poorest citizens hang in the balance—and so we must bring the Doha trade talks to a successful conclusion.

Doha is an important step toward a larger goal: We must tear down the walls that separate the developed and developing worlds. We need to give the citizens of the poorest nations the same ability to access the world economy that the people of wealthy nations have, so they can offer their goods and talents on the world market alongside everyone else. We need to ensure that they have the same opportunities to pursue their dreams, provide for their families, and live lives of dignity and self-reliance.

And the greatest obstacles to achieving these goals are the tariffs and subsidies and barriers that isolate people of developing nations from the great opportunities of the 21st century. Today, I reiterate the challenge I have made before: We must work together in the Doha negotiations to eliminate agricultural subsidies that distort trade and stunt development, and to eliminate tariffs and other barriers to open markets for farmers around the world. Today I broaden the challenge by making this pledge: The United States is ready to eliminate all tariffs, subsidies and other barriers to free flow of goods and services as other nations do the same. This is key to overcoming poverty in the world’s poorest nations. It’s essential we promote prosperity and opportunity for all nations.

By expanding trade, we spread hope and opportunity to the corners of the world, and we strike a blow against the terrorists who feed on anger and resentment. Our agenda for freer trade is part of our agenda for a freer world, where people can live and worship and raise their children as they choose. In the long run, the best way to protect the religious freedom, and the rights of women and minorities, is through institutions of self-rule, which allow people to assert and defend their own rights. All who stand for human rights must also stand for human freedom.

This is a moment of great opportunity in the cause of freedom. Across the world, hearts and minds are opening to the message of human liberty as never before. In the last two years alone, tens of millions have voted in free elections in Afghanistan and Iraq, in Lebanon and the Palestinian territories, in Kyrgyzstan, in Ukraine, and Georgia. And as they claim their freedom, they are inspiring millions more across the broader Middle East. We must encourage their aspirations. We must nurture freedom’s progress. And the United Nations has a vital role to play.

Through the new U.N. Democracy Fund, the democratic members of the U.N. will work to help others who want to join the democratic world. It is fitting that the world’s largest democracy, India, has taken a leadership role in this effort, pledging $10 million to get the fund started. Every free nation has an interest in the success of this fund—and every free nation has a responsibility in advancing the cause of liberty.

The work of democracy is larger than holding a fair election; it requires building the institutions that sustain freedom. Democracy takes different forms in different cultures, yet all free societies have certain things in common. Democratic nations uphold the rule of law, impose limits on the power of the state, treat women and minorities as full citizens. Democratic nations protect private property, free speech and religious expression. Democratic nations grow in strength because they reward and respect the creative gifts of their people. And democratic nations contribute to peace and stability because they seek national greatness in the achievements of their citizens, not the conquest of their neighbors.

For these reasons, the whole world has a vital interest in the success of a free Iraq—and no civilized nation has an interest in seeing a new terror state emerge in that country. So the free world is working together to help the Iraqi people to establish a new nation that can govern itself, sustain itself, and defend itself. It’s an exciting opportunity for all of us in this chamber. And the United Nations has played a vital role in the success of the January elections, where eight and a half million Iraqis defied the terrorists and cast their ballots. And since then, the United Nations has supported Iraq’s elected leaders as they drafted a new constitution.

The United Nations and its member states must continue to stand by the Iraqi people as they complete the journey to a fully constitutional government. And when Iraqis complete their journey, their success will inspire others to claim their freedom, the Middle East will grow in peace and hope and liberty, and all of us will live in a safer world.

The advance of freedom and security is the calling of our time. It is the mission of the United Nations. The United Nations was created to spread the hope of liberty, and to fight poverty and disease, and to help secure human rights and human dignity for all the world’s people. To help make these promises real, the United Nations must be strong and efficient, free of corruption, and accountable to the people it serves. The United Nations must stand for integrity, and live by the high standards it sets for others. And meaningful institutional reforms must include measures to improve internal oversight, identify cost savings, and ensure that precious resources are used for their intended purpose.

The United Nations has taken the first steps toward reform. The process will continue in the General Assembly this fall, and the United States will join with others to lead the effort. And the process of reform begins with members taking our responsibilities seriously. When this great institution’s member states choose notorious abusers of human rights to sit on the U.N. Human Rights Commission, they discredit a noble effort, and undermine the credibility of the whole organization. If member countries want the United Nations to be respected—respected and effective, they should begin by making sure it is worthy of respect.

At the start of a new century, the world needs the United Nations to live up to its ideals and fulfill its mission. The founding members of this organization knew that the security of the world would increasingly depend on advancing the rights of mankind, and this would require the work of many hands. After committing America to the idea of the U.N. in 1945, President Franklin Roosevelt declared:“The structure of world peace cannot be the work of one man, or one party, or one nation.”Peace is the responsibility of every nation and every generation.

In each era of history, the human spirit has been challenged by the forces of darkness and chaos. Some challenges are the acts of nature; others are the works of men. This organization was convened to meet these challenges by harnessing the best instincts of humankind, the strength of the world united in common purpose. With courage and conscience, we will meet our responsibilities to protect the lives and rights of others. And when we do, we will help fulfill the promise of the United Nations, and ensure that every human being enjoys the peace and the freedom and the dignity our Creator intended for all.

布什于2005年在聯(lián)合國六十周年大會上的演講 中文版

秘書長先生、主席先生、各位尊貴的來賓、女士們、先生們：

感謝你們讓我有幸在聯(lián)合國成立六十周年之際來到這里。感謝你們?yōu)檫@個機構(gòu)的重要使命和偉大理想做出的奉獻。

我們在美國和全世界面臨重大挑戰(zhàn)的時刻在這里聚會。此時此刻我國墨西哥灣沿岸地區(qū)的男女民眾剛剛經(jīng)歷了美國有史以來最嚴重的自然災(zāi)害之一，正在恢復(fù)重建。很多人失去了家園、親人和他們所有的財產(chǎn)。在亞拉巴馬、密西西比和路易斯安那州，一個個街區(qū)被夷為平地，成為一片廢墟。這座偉大的美國城市正在戰(zhàn)勝洪災(zāi)，重建自己的未來。

我們目睹了大自然的驚人威力，但更有威力的是人類的關(guān)愛。美國人民向受災(zāi)同胞伸出援手，在座各位所代表的很多國家也提供了援助?？偣灿谐^115個國家和十幾個國際組織主動提出支援救災(zāi)。我謹代表我的國家，向在這個困難時刻援助美國人民的全世界每一個國家、每一個地區(qū)、每一個社區(qū)表示感謝。

你們的救援行動，與去年援助海嘯災(zāi)區(qū)的行動一樣，再次說明我們齊心協(xié)力能使全世界更富有關(guān)愛之情，也更有希望。這條真理正體現(xiàn)了聯(lián)合國的精神所在。六十年前，聯(lián)合國創(chuàng)始會員國在起草的憲章中闡明了偉大崇高的目標。憲章要求聯(lián)合國決心“欲免后世再遭慘不堪言之戰(zhàn)禍”，“重申基本人權(quán)之信念”，并“促成大自由中之社會進步及較善之民生”。我們一如既往決心實現(xiàn)上述崇高目標。我們在滿足巨大的人道主義需求之時，必須積極應(yīng)對我們這個時代其他的重大挑戰(zhàn)。我們必須繼續(xù)努力減輕苦難，積極傳播自由，并為我們的子孫后代奠定持久和平的基礎(chǔ)。

在這個新的世紀，全世界各個偏遠的角落比以往任何時候都更加緊密地聯(lián)系在一起，沒有任何國家能繼續(xù)置身事外，對其他國家的艱苦奮斗無動于衷。當一個國家或一個地區(qū)充滿絕望，充滿怨恨，無力抵擋暴力和侵略意識之時，威脅就會穿越大洋和國界，有可能危及任何愛好和平國家的安全。

從仇恨和絕望中滋生的恐怖主義襲擊了突尼斯、印度尼西亞、肯尼亞、坦桑尼亞、摩洛哥、以色列、沙特阿拉伯、美國、土耳其、西班牙、俄羅斯、埃及、伊拉克和英國等很多國家。在本國領(lǐng)土上未遇到襲擊的人們也承受了恐怖襲擊帶來的悲傷──澳大利亞人在巴厘遇難，意大利人在埃及被害，2001年9月11日，來自數(shù)十個國家的公民就在我們今天開會的這個城市被奪去了生命。教訓(xùn)是不言自明的：對此視若無睹，或為了尋求安寧生活對他人遭受的苦難和壓迫不聞不問，絕對不可能帶來安全。不是希望傳遍人間，就是暴力四處蔓延。兩者必居其一，而我們必須站在希望的一邊。

有時我們?yōu)榱税踩仨氈苯涌箵敉{，許多國家因此而結(jié)成一個偉大的聯(lián)盟，并肩打擊世界各地的恐怖分子。我們共同努力，為瓦解跨國恐怖網(wǎng)絡(luò)和摧毀本國境內(nèi)的激進基層組織做出貢獻。我們清除了恐怖分子的庇護所。我們正運用外交和財政手段切斷他們的財源，斷絕他們得到支援的渠道?？植婪肿颖仨毭靼祝覀冋谂c他們進行斗爭，全世界團結(jié)一致共同對敵。我們必須完成《全面制止國際恐怖主義公約》，使每個國家都明確：不論出于什么原因，也不論有什么怨恨，都不能成為恐怖分子蓄意襲擊和殺害平民和非戰(zhàn)斗人員的理由或使其行為合法化。

全世界的自由國家決心制止恐怖分子及其同盟者獲得致命的大規(guī)模殺人武器發(fā)泄他們的仇恨。有鑒于此，有六十多個國家支持防擴散安全倡議，以阻截通過陸地、海上和空中運送的大規(guī)模毀滅性武器?？植婪肿颖仨毭靼祝麄儫o論在何處藏身，都無法逃脫正義的懲罰。

今天晚些時候，安理會將表決譴責(zé)煽動恐怖行為的決議，向恐怖分子發(fā)出警告。這項決議要求所有的國家采取適當步驟終止這類煽動活動。我們還需要簽署并實施《制止核恐怖行為國際公約》，使所有尋求放射性物質(zhì)或核裝置的人無論走到哪里都會受到起訴和引渡。我們必須向支持恐怖和尋求大規(guī)模毀滅性武器的非法政權(quán)統(tǒng)治者發(fā)出明確的信息：絕不允許你們威脅世界和平與穩(wěn)定。

直接抗擊我們的敵人是絕對必要的，因此文明國家必須繼續(xù)主動向恐怖分子出擊。然而，大家知道這場戰(zhàn)爭不能單靠武力獲勝。我們必須在戰(zhàn)場上擊敗恐怖分子，也必須在意識形態(tài)的戰(zhàn)斗中戰(zhàn)而勝之。我們必須向從不了解自由為何物的億萬人民傳播自由的希望，鏟除恐怖分子滋生和招兵買馬的環(huán)境。我們必須幫助國力衰退的國家和停滯不前的社會，不使恐怖分子得到生長的土壤。我們必須保衛(wèi)并擴大人類尊嚴、機會與繁榮的前景，這樣的前景遠比怨恨和屠殺的吸引力要強大。

為了傳播希望的種子，美國決心幫助那些在貧窮中掙扎的國家。美國堅持要求實現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標。這是一個宏偉的目標，要求到2015年將貧窮挨餓的人口減少一半，保障全世界所有的兒童都能受到初級教育并制止艾滋病的蔓延等。

我們有幫助他人的道德義務(wù)，也有確保我們的行動切實有效的道德責(zé)任。2002年，我們在蒙特雷一致同意有關(guān)在新千年消除貧困、制止腐敗和提供援助的新設(shè)想。發(fā)展中國家同意通過良好的國家治理、健全的政策和法治承擔本國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的責(zé)任。發(fā)達國家同意支持這些努力，其中包括對采取必要改革措施的國家增加援助。我國設(shè)立了新的世紀挑戰(zhàn)賬戶，以執(zhí)行《蒙特雷共識》。這一賬戶逐漸增加美國對實行公正治理，為本國人民謀利益并促進經(jīng)濟自由的國家提供的援助。

還有更多的工作需要做。我呼吁世界所有的國家執(zhí)行《蒙特雷共識》。執(zhí)行《蒙特雷共識》意味著繼續(xù)沿著改革這條艱巨和漫長的道路走下去。執(zhí)行《蒙特雷共識》意味著在發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家之間建立真誠的合作伙伴關(guān)系，取代過去援助與受援的關(guān)系。執(zhí)行《蒙特雷共識》意味著歡迎所有發(fā)展中國家全面參與全球經(jīng)濟，享有所有必要的益處，同時承擔所有的義務(wù)。

要求使援助與改革掛鉤對消除貧困至關(guān)重要，但是我們的工作并不因此結(jié)束。對于許多國家而言，艾滋病、瘧疾及其他疾病既是人道主義的悲劇，也是明顯阻礙發(fā)展的絆腳石。我們必須為貧困國家提供他們所需的拯救生命的應(yīng)急藥物，幫助他們抗擊這些傳染病。通過我們的雙邊項目和全球基金，美國將繼續(xù)發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用，為抗擊艾滋病的危害提供資源。

今天，美國正與當?shù)卣敖M織合作，開展有史以來為抗擊某一種疾病而采取的規(guī)模最大的行動計劃。在非洲大陸，我們正幫助地方衛(wèi)生官員擴大艾滋病測試設(shè)施，為醫(yī)生、護士和輔導(dǎo)人員提供培訓(xùn)和支援，改善診所和醫(yī)院條件。我們與非洲合作伙伴共同努力，已向撒哈拉沙漠以南地區(qū)23萬多人提供了拯救生命的治療。我們提前完成一個重要目標，為非洲近200萬成人和兒童提供艾滋病治療。在蘇格蘭格倫伊格爾斯舉行八國首腦會議期間，我們制定了明確的目標，為非洲這一代人根除艾滋病。我在此呼吁聯(lián)合國各會員國采取具體措施實現(xiàn)這個目標。

我們還在努力防治瘧疾。這個可以預(yù)防的疾病每年在全世界范圍內(nèi)造成100多萬人死亡。在這種疾病肆虐的每一個國家，人們都遭受了貧困和痛苦。美國已制定目標，要求至少使非洲十五個高發(fā)病國家的瘧疾死亡率降低一半。為了實現(xiàn)這個目標，我們已承諾在今后五年內(nèi)，為防治瘧疾基金增撥12億美元以上的資金。我們邀請其他國家與我們共同努力，承諾為需要基金幫助的其他幾十個國家提供具體援助。通過共同努力我們就能防治瘧疾，拯救成千上萬人的生命，為受到這種可怕的疾病摧殘的國家?guī)硐Ｍ氖锕狻?/p>

在承諾加強抗擊瘧疾和艾滋病的同時，我們還必須堅持積極防范禽流感等新的疾病，避免公眾健康受到威脅。如果聽之任之，禽流感病毒將引發(fā)21世紀的第一場流行病。我們決不能坐視不顧。今天，我宣布新的“預(yù)防禽流感國際合作計劃”。這個國際合作計劃要求面臨疾病爆發(fā)的國家迅速向世界衛(wèi)生組織傳遞信息，提供病毒取樣。通過增加透明度的要求，我們就能對危害健康的疫情做出迅速反應(yīng)，及時防止病毒蔓延。許多國家已參加了這項計劃，我們邀請所有國家參與。我們共同努力是十分必要的，我們在這么做的同時也在履行保護我國公民，救死扶傷和撫慰受害者的道義責(zé)任。

即使用于抗擊疾病和改革經(jīng)濟的援助不斷增加，許多國家仍然受困于另外一項嚴重挑戰(zhàn)：債務(wù)負擔。債務(wù)重擔使發(fā)展中的經(jīng)濟增長受到限制，使千百萬人民處于貧困狀態(tài)。因此，美國及許多其他國家還采取行動減免債務(wù)重負。今天，債務(wù)負擔最重的貧窮國家正在接受300多億美元的債務(wù)救助。為了防止今后的債務(wù)累積，我國和其他國家已一致同意，國際金融機構(gòu)應(yīng)該逐步增加以贈款方式而不是以借貸的方式提供新的援助。八國集團在蘇格蘭的格倫伊格爾斯開會時同意采取進一步行動。為了永久打破“借貸—減免”的循環(huán)，我們同意百分之百取消全世界負債最重的一些國家的債務(wù)。我呼吁世界銀行和國際貨幣基金組織盡快落實這項具有歷史意義的協(xié)議。

我們將積極努力幫助遭受苦難的地區(qū)擺脫貧困的重荷──不只限于目前，而是持之以恒。為了實現(xiàn)更富裕的前景，最有保障的途徑是擴大貿(mào)易。聯(lián)合國秘書長在今年8月寫給我的信中贊賞八國集團的工作，但他告訴我，援助與債務(wù)減免仍然不夠。秘書長說，我們還需要取消阻礙發(fā)展中國家前進的貿(mào)易壁壘和補貼。我同意秘書長的看法：多哈回合談判是實現(xiàn)這項目標的“最有希望的途徑”。

多哈回合談判取得成功將降低和取消阻礙農(nóng)工產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的關(guān)稅及其他壁壘。不公平的農(nóng)業(yè)補貼將不復(fù)存在。全球服務(wù)業(yè)市場將實現(xiàn)開放。根據(jù)多哈協(xié)議每個國家都會受益，而發(fā)展中國家會獲得最大的收益。歷史上凡是敞開貿(mào)易大門的發(fā)展中國家，經(jīng)濟增長率高于其他國家數(shù)倍之多。取消貿(mào)易壁壘有可能在今后十五年內(nèi)使幾億人脫離貧困。此事關(guān)系重大。全世界千百萬最貧窮人民的生活與未來何去何從──我們務(wù)必要促使多哈貿(mào)易談判取得成功。

多哈談判是朝一個更大目標邁出的重要一步：我們必須拆除阻隔發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家的一道道圍墻。我們必須使最貧窮國家的人民獲得與富裕國家人民同樣的融入世界經(jīng)濟的能力，如此他們就能與其他人一樣在世界市場上提供自己的商品，發(fā)揮自己的才能。我們需要保證他們擁有同樣的機會實現(xiàn)他們的理想，供養(yǎng)他們的家庭，過上有尊嚴和自立的生活。

實現(xiàn)這些目標的最大障礙是關(guān)稅壁壘、補貼以及把發(fā)展中國家人民與21世紀提供的重要機會隔離開來的種種障礙。今天，我重申我以前提出的艱巨任務(wù)：我們必須通過多哈談判共同努力，取消扭曲貿(mào)易和阻礙發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè)補貼，撤除關(guān)稅壁壘及其他障礙，為全世界農(nóng)民開放市場。今天，我通過提出下列保證擴大上述挑戰(zhàn)的范圍：美國準備與其他國家一起取消一切關(guān)稅、補貼及其他阻礙商品和服務(wù)自由流通的各種障礙。這是全世界最貧窮國家戰(zhàn)勝貧困的關(guān)鍵。我們必須為所有的國家促進繁榮，創(chuàng)造機會。

我們通過擴大貿(mào)易，讓希望和機遇遍及全世界每個角落，并沉重打擊在忿恨與不滿中滋生的恐怖主義分子。我們擴大自由貿(mào)易的要求是我們增進世界自由的使命的一部分，使世界人民能夠按照自己選擇的方式生活、祈禱并養(yǎng)育子女。從長遠來看，捍衛(wèi)宗教自由和保護婦女和少數(shù)族裔權(quán)利的最佳途徑是建立自我管理機制，從而使人們能夠堅持并捍衛(wèi)自己的權(quán)利。所有倡導(dǎo)人權(quán)的人也必須倡導(dǎo)人類自由。

當前自由的事業(yè)面臨重大機遇。在世界各地人類自由的理念如此深入人心，堪稱前所未有。僅在過去的兩年中，千百萬民眾在阿富汗、伊拉克、黎巴嫩、巴勒斯坦領(lǐng)土、吉爾吉斯斯坦、烏克蘭和格魯吉亞的自由選舉中參加了投票。他們行使自己的自由權(quán)利，同時也激勵了大中東地區(qū)其他國家的千百萬大眾。我們必須鼓舞他們的士氣。我們必須扶持民主進程。聯(lián)合國應(yīng)為此發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。

通過新設(shè)立的聯(lián)合國民主基金，聯(lián)合國會員國中的民主國家將向希望加入民主共同體的國家提供幫助。世界上人口最多的民主國家印度承諾提供1000萬美元啟動民主基金，發(fā)揮了應(yīng)有的主導(dǎo)作用。民主基金的成功關(guān)系到每一個自由國家的利益，每一個自由國家都有責(zé)任推進自由的事業(yè)。

實現(xiàn)民主不僅在于舉行公平的選舉，還必須建立長期維護自由的機制。民主在不同的文化中有不同的形式，但所有的自由社會都有一些共同的特點。民主國家維護法治，限制國家權(quán)力，并讓婦女和少數(shù)族裔享有全部公民權(quán)利。民主國家保護私有財產(chǎn)、言論自由和宗教言論。民主國家獎勵并尊重本國人民的聰明才智，從而使國力不斷增強。民主國家依靠本國公民的努力實現(xiàn)國家強盛，從不對鄰國強取豪奪，從而為和平與穩(wěn)定做出貢獻。

由于這些原因，自由伊拉克的成敗關(guān)系到整個世界的重大利益，任何文明國家都不愿意看到一個新的恐怖政權(quán)在這個國家重新出現(xiàn)。因此，自由世界正共同努力，幫助伊拉克人民建立一個能夠進行自治、自立和自衛(wèi)的新國家。這為在座的所有人提供了一個令人振奮的機會。而聯(lián)合國為今年1月伊拉克選舉的成功發(fā)揮了極其重要的作用，850萬伊拉克選民不顧恐怖分子的威脅參加了投票。此后，聯(lián)合國又支持伊拉克民選領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人起草新憲法。

為建立完全符合憲法原則的政府，伊拉克人民正走上這條征途，聯(lián)合國及其會員國必須繼續(xù)同他們站在一起。伊拉克人民一旦完成這項使命，他們的成功將鼓舞其他國家的人民爭取自己的自由，中東將在和平、希望與自由的氛圍中成長壯大，我們所有的人都將在一個更安全的世界上生活。

推進自由與安全是我們時代的呼喚，也是聯(lián)合國承擔的使命。聯(lián)合國的創(chuàng)建就是為了傳播自由的希望，為了抗擊貧困和疾病，為了幫助全世界所有的人獲得人的權(quán)利和人的尊嚴。為了實現(xiàn)這些許諾，聯(lián)合國必須做到強大有效，必須拒絕受腐敗侵蝕，必須向服務(wù)對象負責(zé)。聯(lián)合國必須堅持廉正，必須以其為別人制訂的高標準來要求自己。聯(lián)合國有意義的機構(gòu)改革必須包括采取措施改進內(nèi)部監(jiān)察機制，確定節(jié)省開支的方案，保證寶貴資源用于既定目的。

聯(lián)合國已在改革道路上邁出了第一步。改革進程將在今秋的聯(lián)合國大會期間繼續(xù)進行，美國將與其他國家一起主導(dǎo)改革工作。而改革的進程應(yīng)以會員國認真對待自己承擔的責(zé)任為起點。這個重要機構(gòu)的會員國曾推選臭名昭著侵犯人權(quán)的國家為聯(lián)合國人權(quán)委員會成員，使這項崇高的事業(yè)蒙羞，使整個聯(lián)合國組織的信譽受到損害。會員國如果希望聯(lián)合國受到尊重并發(fā)揮高效，就應(yīng)該從保證聯(lián)合國值得令人尊重開始。

新世紀伊始，全世界都需要聯(lián)合國忠實于自己的理想并履行自己的使命。聯(lián)合國的創(chuàng)始會員國篤信，全世界的安全日益取決于增進人類權(quán)利的努力，這需要多方面共同努力。富蘭克林·羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)在1945年決定美國接受建立聯(lián)合國的構(gòu)想后表示：“構(gòu)筑世界和平絕非一人、一黨、一國之功。”每一個國家和每一代人都肩負著維護和平的重任。

在每一個歷史階段，人類精神都不免因出現(xiàn)黑暗與混亂受到挑戰(zhàn)。有一些挑戰(zhàn)是天災(zāi)，也有一些挑戰(zhàn)是人禍。聯(lián)合國成立的宗旨是發(fā)揮人類的最高智慧，動員全世界團結(jié)一致迎接這些挑戰(zhàn)。我們將以我們的膽識和良知履行保護人類生命和權(quán)利的職責(zé)。我們將努力實現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國的承諾，保障我們大家都能按照造物主的意旨，人人享有平安、自由和尊嚴。