高中英語牛津版高三上學(xué)期：Chapter four reading

[00:00.00]CHAPTER FOUR Reading pages 62 and 63 [00:-1.00]The Body Shop [00:-2.00]The cosmetics industry is involved in selling dreams. [00:-3.00]It promises to make you younger and more beautiful. [00:-4.00]It promises that all your dreams will come true [00:-5.00]if you use a certain type of shampoo or face cream. [00:-6.00]These dreams are sold to customers [00:-7.00]by persuasive and expensive advertising campaigns. [00:-8.00]Pictures of youthful girls are used to sell anti-ageing creams [00:-9.00]to fifty-year-old women. [00:10.00]The products are presented in carefully designed packaging, [00:11.00]which itself may double the product's cost. [00:12.00]The cosmetics industry wants to be sure that the products are not harmful. [00:13.00]It does not want a customer to be poisoned by a lipstick, [00:14.00]or blinded by a new type of eye make-up. [00:15.00]If a product causes harm, [00:16.00]the customer is likely to sue the company for millions of dollars. [00:17.00]To avoid this,many cosmetic products are tested on animals [00:18.00]to ensure that they are harmless. [00:19.00]In some countries, [00:20.00]the government actually orders the producers to test their products on animals. [00:21.00]These painful tests include force-feeding,injections, [00:22.00]applying the product to the skin [00:23.00]or dripping it into the eyes of the helpless animals. [00:24.00]The customers,of course, [00:25.00]are not permitted to see this side of the business. [00:26.00]In this way,selling safe products with beautiful packaging, [00:27.00]and backed by powerful advertising the cosmetics industry pursues its single aim, [00:28.00]which is to make money. [00:29.00]And then came The Body Shop. [00:30.00]In 1976 an amazing,unconventional woman called Anita Roddick [00:31.00]decided to open a small shop in England. [00:32.00]She ignored all the accepted principles of the cosmetics industry. [00:33.00]And yet her shop prospered from day one. [00:34.00]The Body Shop now has over 700 shops worldwide [00:35.00]and her company has revolutionized the industry. [00:36.00]Anita wanted to sell simple,natural products for the skin and hair. [00:37.00]She thought it was immoral [00:38.00]to make false promises about the qualities of her cosmetics, [00:39.00]and so she explained the qualities(and limitations)of each products [00:40.00]in simple,truthful language. [00:41.00]She banned images of beautiful women in her shops, [00:42.00]and promoted 'health' not 'beauty'. [00:43.00]She thought that cosmetics should not be tested on animals [00:44.00]and so she refused to sell such products. [00:45.00]The Body Shop has campaigned against animal testing, [00:46.00]and funded research into alternative ways of testing that new products are safe. [00:47.00]She thought that packaging was unimportant. [00:48.00]When some customers asked if they could refill their old bottles,she let them. [00:49.00]This led to a refilling and recycling service [00:50.00]which is unique in the cosmetics industry. [00:51.00]In every shop,there is a 'Refill Bar' [00:52.00]at which customers are allowed to refill their old bottles,thus saving waste. [00:53.00]It is remarkable [00:54.00]that The Body Shop has become a truly global business [00:55.00]without ever spending any money on advertising. [00:56.00]At first Anita attracted wide publicity by explaining her views [00:57.00]and later by holding pro-environment campaigns. [00:58.00]These helped the causes which she supported,and also publicized The Body Shop. [00:59.00]All staff are encouraged to take part in local campaigns, [-1:00.00]and to believe that profits,although important,are not the only aim of a business. [-1:-1.00]INTEGRATED SKILLS page 67 [-1:-2.00]Exam tasks Task one [-1:-3.00]Listen to the recording and complete the outline. [-1:-4.00]A:Good afternoon and welcome to Small Beginnings. [-1:-5.00]The programme in which we talk to top people in business [-1:-6.00]and find out about how they got started. [-1:-7.00]Today's guest is Roland Li, [-1:-8.00]the founder and managing director of the Friendly Chemist Chen, [-1:-9.00]which now has over 100 shops throughout the world. [-1:10.00]Roland welcome to the programme. [-1:11.00]B:Thank you,Lucy. [-1:12.00]A:So,going right back to the beginning. [-1:13.00]How did it all start for you.I believe your father had a chemist shop,too. [-1:14.00]B:Yes,that's right.My parents came to Manchester in 1960 when I was ten. [-1:15.00]At first,they worked in a fast food trade [-1:16.00]but later,my father started a traditional Chinese medicine Shop. [-1:17.00]There're a lot of Chinese people in Manchester,so he was quite successful. [-1:18.00]A:Did your parents want you to join them in that business? [-1:19.00]B:No.They wanted me to go to university I studied biochemistry. [-1:20.00]And then after that I got a job in America as a research scientist, [-1:21.00]working for a big drug's company, [-1:22.00]But I find that some of my work involved testing medicines on animals [-1:23.00]and I didn't like that because I'm very fond of animals. [-1:24.00]After a couple of years,I couldn't stand it any more,and so I left. [-1:25.00]A:And was that when you decided to open your first shop? [-1:26.00]B:Oh,no.I just drifted around for several years. [-1:27.00]I had lots of strange jobs. [-1:28.00]I worked for a while as a laboratory assistant in a university [-1:29.00]and I did some teaching. [-1:30.00]I worked in a supermarket and even as a taxi driver,and then I got married. [-1:31.00]A:What did your parents think of all these,Roland? [-1:32.00]B:Well,they were rather disappointed. [-1:33.00]They wanted me to be a big success but I was just going around in circles. [-1:34.00]And they weren't very pleased when I married Jane. [-1:35.00]Anyway,it was Jane who had the first idea for the Friendly Chemist really. [-1:36.00]One day we were talking about my time in America, [-1:37.00]and I was telling her about when I had to do those experiments on animals. [-1:38.00]We realized that when you go into a chemists to buy some medicine, [-1:39.00]you don't know whether or not it has been tested on animals you just don't know. [-1:40.00]So then Jane suggested it will be a good idea if there was a chemist's shop [-1:41.00]where you could go in and you could be sure [-1:42.00]that none of the medicines had been tested on animals. [-1:43.00]A:So that was the start of it? [-1:44.00]B:Yes,we decided to start such a business ourselves [-1:45.00]I had to do a lot of research about the different medicines. [-1:46.00]But after a few months we had enough products to start the shop, [-1:47.00]some were western medicines, [-1:48.00]but we also included some traditional Chinese medicines [-1:49.00]but we had two main principles for every product nothing was tested on animals, [-1:50.00]and nothing was made from animal products [-1:51.00]And a few years later,we added a third principle [-1:52.00]None of our products could come from rare or endangered plants. [-1:53.00]A:So,when and where did you actually open your first shop? [-1:54.00]B:On...that was back in 1980,Lucy,in Manchester. [-1:55.00]A:And was it successful immediately? [-1:56.00]B:Yes,it was.We were very surprised in fact, [-1:57.00]but it seems that lots of people care about the animals [-1:58.00]and they were pleased to choose a medicine from our shop, [-1:59.00]so we were quite busy form the first week. [-2:00.00]One year later,we opened our second shop in London,and it just grew from there. [-2:-1.00]Speaking pages 74 and 75 [-2:-2.00]A Saying numbers and dates [-2:-3.00]Long numbers [-2:-4.00]In long numbers,put and between the hundreds and tens. [-2:-5.00]3,458 three thousand,four hundred and fifty-eight [-2:-6.00]In reading a long number,the usual intonation pattern [-2:-7.00]is that your voice goes up before the commas,and down at the end. [-2:-8.00]3,550,640:three million,five hundred and fifty thousand,six hundred and forty [-2:-9.00]Decimals We say point and then each number separately. [-2:10.00]6.725 six point seven two five [-2:11.00]22.22 twenty-two point two two [-2:12.00]10.005 ten point zero zero five [-2:13.00]Percentages [-2:14.00]We read percentages as per cent. [-2:15.00]27% twenty-seven per cent [-2:16.00]8.25% eight point two five per cent [-2:17.00]Money [-2:18.00]We say the name of the currency after the numbers. [-2:19.00]5,000,000: five million yuan [-2:20.00]US$27,000 twenty-seven thousand US dollars [-2:21.00]39,000,000 thirty-nine million pounds [-2:22.00]Dates [-2:23.00]We often write 4th May but we say the fourth of May. [-2:24.00]Remember to pronounce the th sound clearly at the end of words [-2:25.00]such as fifth,tenth and twenty-sixth. [-2:26.00]the eleventh of December,nineteen ninety-three [-2:27.00]Exercise A2 [-2:28.00]1.Worldwide,about 70,000,000 animals are killed each year for their fur [-2:29.00]2.Tests on nine owl monkeys in the United States may lead to a cure for malaria, [-2:30.00]which kills an estimated 1,200,000 children in Africa every year. [-2:31.00]3.The first Body Shop opened on 27th March 1976. [-2:32.00]The first day's sales were 130 pounds. [-2:33.00]The trading profit in the six months up to 31st August 1991 was 10,480,000 pounds. [-2:34.00]There were then 658 shops, [-2:35.00]and a customer walked into a shop somewhere in the world every 0.7 seconds. [-2:36.00]4.Ladies and gentlemen,I am pleased to report that last year our company, [-2:37.00]Lucky Pet Food Limited,made a profit of US$629,051. [-2:38.00]This was an increase of 37.89% compared with the previous years. [-2:39.00]We sold 37,850,000 packets of dog biscuits, [-2:40.00]compared with 29,050,000 packets last year. [-2:41.00]Dog biscuits account for 48.84% of all sales. [-2:42.00]MORE LANGUAGE INPUT(4) pages 79 and 80 [-2:43.00]A Reading [-2:44.00]Merits and Demerits of Packaging [-2:45.00]In our modern society,we have to rely on different kinds of services. [-2:46.00]Packaging is just one of them. [-2:47.00]Without packaging,many goods,especially food,could not reach consumers. [-2:48.00]Packaging prevents perishable food from early spoilage. [-2:49.00]As a result, [-2:50.00]it prolongs shelf life and makes distribution possible to a greater distance. [-2:51.00]The function of waste reduction is also evident in food packaging. [-2:52.00]According to a scientific report, [-2:53.00]food wastage can be as high as between 20% and 50% [-2:54.00]in some areas because of poor or lack of packaging. [-2:55.00]Appropriate packaging can cut this number down to 2 to 3%. [-2:56.00]It is estimated that for every 1% increase in packaging materials, [-2:57.00]food wastage decreases by about 1.6%. [-2:58.00]Apart from practical functions,modern packaging also has aesthetic value. [-2:59.00]Good are made more attractive and inviting. [-3:00.00]And for the consumers,this makes shopping more enjoyable. [-3:-1.00]However,the service of packaging does not always enjoy a good reputation. [-3:-2.00]Sometimes,people cannot help but feel puzzled [-3:-3.00]by the enormous packaging of some goods, [-3:-4.00]which often prove to have nothing to do at all with the protection of the goods inside. [-3:-5.00]Such packaging can only lead to misunderstanding [-3:-6.00]and waste of money on the part of the consumers [-3:-7.00]and more seriously,it can cause a great deal of damage to the environment. [-3:-8.00]Perhaps it is difficult to decide [-3:-9.00]whether the service of packaging has more merits or demerits. [-3:10.00]It seems quite obvious that modern packaging , [-3:11.00]to a certain extent,reflects the inner quality of the people or company [-3:12.00]who produce the products. [-3:13.00]B Listening [-3:14.00]Consumers should follow these precautions to protect themselves [-3:15.00]and the quality of their cosmetics. [-3:16.00]1.Keep the containers of skin protection products tightly closed except when in use. [-3:17.00]2.Keep the products out of sunlight;light can degrade their quality. [-3:18.00]3.Don't use eye cosmetics if you have an eye infection, [-3:19.00]and throw away all products you were using when you first discover the infection. [-3:20.00]4.Never add any liquid to bring the product back to its original state. [-3:21.00]Adding water could introduce bacteria that could easily grow out of control. [-3:22.00]5.Never share your cosmetics. [-3:23.00]6.Throw the cosmetics away if the colour changes or an odour develops

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