全國英語等級考試教材第三級Unit12

[00:00.00] CHAPTER 12 HEALTH AND FITNESS [00:14.11]Unit 12 Health and Fitness [00:21.47]Conversations [00:24.82]PART 1 [00:28.47]Will and Gusta are at an Organic Foods. [00:34.43]Will:Gusta,I'm starving!What's good here? [00:39.60]Gusta:Here,have a banana. [00:43.36]Will:Uhh,is this banana edible?It looks a little brown. [00:50.13]And what are all these little holes in the lettuce? [00:55.48]Gusta:Everything here is organic.No pesticides. [01:02.04]Will:How about fertilizer? [01:05.49]Gusta:Only natural fertilizers are used. [01:10.48]I used to work on the farm where they are grown,so I know. [01:16.33]Will:By natural fertilizer,you mean... [01:21.50]Gusta:It's best not to think about it while you are eating. [01:26.96]Will:Right.I'm sorry I asked. [01:32.32]PART 2 [01:35.56]In the doctor's consultin-room. [01:40.52]Doctor:Good morning.How are you? [01:44.49]John:I'm very worried,doctor. [01:48.85]Doctor:Oh?What are you worried about? [01:53.40]John:I'm afraid that I'm very ill. [01:57.47]Doctor:I'm sorry to hear that.Why do you think so? [02:02.93]John:Because I feel tired all the time,even when I wake up in the morning. [02:09.88]I have no appetite. [02:13.41]Doctor:How do you sleep? [02:16.67]John:Very badly,doctor.I'm worried about my work. [02:22.73]I'm always afraid of making a mistake. [02:27.38]Doctor:(The doctor examines the patient.) [02:31.95]Well,there is nothing very much wrong with you. [02:37.70]You are working too hard and worrying too much. [02:44.36]Do you take much exercise? [02:48.44]John:No,doctor.I never have enough time for exercise. [02:54.18]Can you give me some medicine to help me to sleep? [02:58.91]Doctor:I can,but I'm not going to.You don't need medicine.You need advice. [03:06.98]Don't work so hard.Don't worry about your work. [03:12.84]Which would you rather have,wealth or health? [03:18.19]John:You're right,doctor.It's more important to be healthy than wealthy. [03:24.56]I'll change my job.I'm grateful for your advice. [03:30.21]Doctor:Come and see me again in a month's time. [03:34.88]I think you will be a different man! [03:39.43]PART 3 [03:42.98]Wang and Robert are concerned about the illnesses brought by wealth. [03:50.35]Wang:Well,yes,new kinds of diseases will replace the old, [03:57.61]such as cancer,heart trouble...Right? [04:03.17]Robert:That's true.And diabetes is one of te new diseases. [04:09.23]Wang:Yes.It can cause heart disease,kidney failure and blindness. [04:16.89]What is the exact cause of it,do you know? [04:22.45]Robert:Well,experts say [04:26.89]it is often the result of primitive bodies living in an increasingly wealthy world. [04:34.83]Wang:What?The primitive bodies... [04:39.56]Robert:Well,that is when people were quickly forced from a simple [04:45.41]to a modern pattern of life,they developed diabetes. [04:50.98]Wang:Oh,it is terrible.I must be careful about my diet form now on. [04:59.15]Robert:Well,things are not that bad. [05:03.41]As long as you keep a traditional life style and diet,plenty of exercise, [05:10.36]living in the natural environment,you don't develop diabetes. [05:15.53]Wang:Good idea. [05:18.98]PART 4 [05:22.22]In the doctor's office. [05:26.27]Doctor:Hello.What can I do for you today? [05:31.10]Patient:I've been having severe pains in my stomach and now I feel nauseated. [05:38.47]Doctor:How many days have you been having these pains? [05:44.03]Patient:Well,they started about tive days ago [05:49.18]and for the last three days they have been terrible. [05:54.46]Doctor:Have you thrown up at all? [05:58.61]Patient:Yes,I have been sick to my stomach and throwing up. [06:04.25]Doctor:How many times ahve you vomited. [06:08.82]Patient:In the last two days,probably four or five times and I still puke. [06:16.37]Doctor:Are you keeping any food down? [06:20.53]Patient:No,I'm not. [06:23.87]Doctor:When you vomit,is there any blood? [06:28.41]Patient:No. [06:31.47]Doctor:Good.Are you having any diarrhea? [06:36.02]Patient:No. [06:38.94]Doctor:Have you had a fever? [06:42.60]Patient:I think I have had a low-grade fever,but I haven't taken my temperature. [06:49.68]I really feel under the weather. [06:53.75]Doctor:Have you taken any medicine? Patient:No. [06:58.48]Doctor:Where is your pain? [07:01.83]Patient:It's right here in my right side. [07:06.37]Doctor:How would you describe the pain?Is it sharp,dull,aching,or cramping? [07:14.70]Patient:They are sharp pains. [07:18.78]Doctor:Could you please sit on the examination table so that I can examine you now? [07:25.26]Passage [07:28.78]Lower Salt,Better Health [07:33.83]Doctors have long known that cutting back on salt [07:39.39]or sodium can help lower blood pressure in folks with hypertension, [07:45.87]a silent condition that increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. [07:52.53]What hasn't been so clear is whether reducing the amount of sodium in the diet [07:59.79]will benefit those whose blood pressure is normal. [08:05.04]Now comes word that restricting salt can indeed lower normal blood pressure level. [08:12.51]Though the effect isn't as great,it's still important, [08:17.97]according to a study published in The New England Journal of medicine. [08:23.43]The decrease in blood pressure occurred regardless of race or gender [08:30.28]and whether or not study participants ate a "typical American diet", [08:36.75]which is high in saturated fats [08:41.01]and contains few fruits and vegetables or the so-called DASH [08:48.88](for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hyertension)diet, [08:54.62]which emphasis lots of fresh produce,low-fat diary, [09:01.70]fish and fewer sweets and which was proved in 1997 to reduce hypertension. [09:10.06]The biggest decrease in blood pressure in this study [09:15.02]was recorded in subjects who ate the DASH diet [09:20.77]and reduced their sodium intake to 1200mg a day. [09:27.33]Why is this significant? [09:31.69]Public-health experts estimate that Americans consume,on average, [09:38.17]about 3500mg of sodium equal to about 9 grams of salt- daily. [09:46.81]It's not that we're tht heavy-handed with the saltshaker. [09:52.48]Most of our dietary sodium is added during food processing. [09:58.33]To get down to 1200mg,you'd have to forgo most prepared foods, [10:06.09]take-out deliveries and restarurant meals. [10:10.95]So pay attention to how much salt you're eating, [10:15.71]but don't forget to make fruits, [10:19.78]vegetables and whole grains a larger part of your diet. [10:25.24]They'll help lower your cholesterol level as well as your blood pressure. [10:30.99]Be sure to drink alcohol moderately,if at all. [10:36.94]Losing weight-even just 4.5kg- [10:42.30]and exercising at least 30 minutes most days of the week [10:47.94]can also have a marked effect on blood pressure. [10:52.80]Check food labels. [10:56.95]Pasta sauces,sandwich breads and frozen dinners often contain lots of sodium. [11:04.40]And remember,even if you don't have to worry about this now, [11:10.28]you probably will wventually. [11:14.43]Half of US adults have a blood pressure of at least 120/80 mmHg, [11:22.79]which is at the high end fo what's considered ideal [11:27.52]and blood pressure usually increases with age. [11:32.66]"We can't put everyone on drug therapy,"says Dr.Frank Sacks of the Brigham Women's Hospital in Boston [11:41.02]and the chairman of the DASH-Sodium Sodium Study. [11:46.06]But everyone can try to do with a dash of less salt. [11:51.71]Words and Expressions [11:55.65]cut back on sodium folk hypertension [11:59.73]減少 鈉 人們;民族 高血壓 [12:03.80]risk stroke benefit pressure [12:07.33]風(fēng)險 中風(fēng) 有益于 壓力 [12:10.85]restrict decrease regardless of gender [12:14.94]限制 減少，下降 不管，不論 性別 [12:19.03]participant typical saturated approach [12:22.75]參加者 典型的 飽和的 方法，途徑 [12:26.48]emphasis diary subject intake [12:30.05]重點 奶制品 主題 攝入 [12:33.63]significant estimate saltshaker dietary [12:37.36]重大的，意義顯著的 估計 鹽瓶 飲食的 [12:41.08]forgo cholesterol be sure to do alcohol [12:44.96]放棄，絕念 膽固醇 一定要做到 酒精 [12:48.84]moderatly label pasta sauce [12:52.38]適度地 標(biāo)簽，標(biāo)志 意大利面食 調(diào)味料 [12:55.92]ideal therapy dash [12:58.64]理想的 治療 少量摻和物或混和物 [13:01.37]Exercises [13:05.03]Section I Listening Comprehension [13:10.49]Listen to the record. [13:14.44]Answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D from the four possible choices. [13:23.68]A 1.M:I'm starving!What's good here? [13:30.63]W:Here,have a banana.Everything here is organic.No pesticides. [13:38.29]2.W:Different foods are with different calorie values. [13:44.74]Usually for boys 2 501-2900 grams of daily calorie intake would be enough. [13:56.10]M:Right.Below 2 200,we would say a boy haing a bird's appetite. [14:04.36]3.W:For girls,below 1 700 grams of daily calorie intake,it means one is starving. [14:14.62]So the right amount s 1 901 to 2 200. [14:23.45]M:How about above 2 201? [14:29.02]W:But be sure you take regular exercise everyday, [14:35.08]and you are overeating above 2 400. [14:40.64]4.M:Good morning.How are you? [14:46.20]W:I'm very worried. [14:49.97]M:Oh!What are you worried about? [14:54.04]W:I'm afraid that I'm ill. [14:57.99]5.W:Well,there is nothing very much wrong with you. [15:04.65]You are working too hard and worrying too much.Do you take much exercise? [15:12.40]M:No.I never have enough time for exercise. [15:17.97]Can you give me some medicine to telp me to sleep? [15:22.83]6.M:Well,yes,new kids of diseases will replace the old, [15:29.80]such as cancer,heart trouble...Right? [15:34.84]W:That's true.And diabetes is one of the new diseases. [15:41.32]B M:Well,I'm sorry you're ill.What's the matter with you? [15:47.77]W:I don't know,doctor.I'm ill.I have a headache and a stomachache. [15:55.22]M:Show me your tongue.What did you eat yesterday? [16:00.68]W:I ate some cake. [16:04.52]M:Did you eat any ice cream? [16:08.28]W:Well,yes,I did.I ate some ice cream. [16:13.14]M:Did you eat any candy? [16:17.11]W:Well,yes,I did.I ate some candy. [16:22.67]M:Then tell me everything you ate yesterday evening. [16:28.24]W:Well,doctor.I went to a birthday party. [16:33.52]M:I see!How many pieces of cake did you eat? [16:38.97]W:Three,doctor. [16:42.42]M:How many plates of ice crean did you eat? [16:46.97]W:Oh,doctor.I had three plates of ice cream.Jean had four. [16:54.52]C W:My heart is giving me trouble. [17:00.87]M:Let me listen to your heart... [17:04.52]Well,Mrs,Jenkins,stop smoking and then you'll soon be quite all right again. [17:11.78]W:But,I've never smoked.I don't like smoking. [17:17.35]M:Oh,well,then don't drink any more alcohol. [17:22.63]W:But I don't drink alcohol. [17:26.67]M:Stop drinking tea and coffee then. [17:31.04]W:I only drink water.I don't like tea or coffee. [17:36.89]M:Well...er...do you like fried potatoes? [17:42.24]W:Yes,I like them very much. [17:46.40]M:All right,then stop eating those. [17:50.55]Supplementary Reading [17:54.31]Healthy Foods Recommended [17:58.57]Tomatoes Several studies have linked the cooked tomatoes in ketchup, [18:06.01]soups and sauces to a reduced risk of prostate cancer [18:12.99]and other cancers of the digestive tract. [18:18.03]Tomatoes contain lycopene, [18:22.89]probably the most powerful antioxidant among the carotenoids, [18:30.26]the compounds that turn fruits and veggies into deep orange. [18:37.13]Spinach [18:40.65]Spinach is loaded with iron and folate, [18:46.30]a Vitamin B considered so important that it is now routinely added to flour. [18:54.94]Folate not only prevents neural-tube defects in babies [19:01.60]but also lowers blood levels of homocysteine, [19:07.48]an amino acid that irritates blood vessels and is linked to heart disease. [19:15.13]Red Wine [19:18.66]The skins of the grapes used to make red wine [19:24.43]contain supercharged antioxidants known as ployphenol,which boosts HDL cholesterol. [19:34.47]Polyphenols,according to the latest research, [19:40.11]may also inhabit the production of endothelia, [19:46.06]a peptide that contributes to hardening of the arteries. [19:51.71]Nuts [19:55.26]The types of fat found in nuts are the good fats. [20:01.42]When eaten instead of junk food high in saturated fats [20:07.90](like potato chips and dough nuts), [20:12.76]nuts lower blood levels of triglycerides [20:18.61]and LDL cholesterol while raising HDL cholesterol [20:25.59]a perfect formula for preventing heart disease. [20:31.33]Nuts provide another benefit: [20:36.01]they contain Vitamin E, [20:39.95]a potent antioxidant that may help ward off heart disease and cancer. [20:47.50]Broccoli [20:51.16]Broccoli boasts a fistful of phytochemicals, [20:56.62]including sulforaphane and indole-3-carbino, [21:02.86]that may detoxify cancer-causing substances before they have a chance to cause harm. [21:11.33]In women,indole-3-carbinol may turn the estrogen associated with breast cancer [21:19.79]into a more benign form. [21:24.05]Oats [21:27.42]Oats contain beta-glucan,a spongy,soluble fiber [21:34.86]that mops up the precursors of cholesterol in the intestines [21:40.92]and whisks them out of the body. [21:45.18]New evidence suggests that oats may also help lower blood pressure [21:52.03]in hypertensive patients. [21:56.15]Salmon [21:59.52]Salmon boasts omega-3 fatty acids. [22:05.17]Omega-3s prevent platelets in the blood from clumping together. [22:11.72]They also drive down triglycerides and LDL cholesterol. [22:18.38]Even more tantalizing, [22:22.75]omega-3 interact with the fatty layers that surround brain cells. [22:30.11]Green Tea [22:33.67]Green tea is loaded with polyphenols, [22:39.13]a class of phytochemicals with 100 times the antioxidant punch of Vitamin C. [22:46.78]Laboratory experiments suggest that one group of polyphenols in green tea [22:54.04]called catechins may inhabit. [22:58.48]The growth of new blood vessels, [23:02.74]which some scientists think may help prevent cancer [23:07.81]by depriving early tumors of nourishment. [23:12.77]Catechins may also prevent DNA damage caused by carcinogens. [23:20.22]Drinking green tea daily can lower the risk of stomach and liver cancers. [23:28.08]Swishing green tea around the mouth may inhabit cavity-causing bacteria. [23:36.73]Applied to the skin of laboratory mice, [23:41.71]it also seems to reduce the incidence of skin cancer. [23:47.64]Blueberries [23:51.30]The most powerful health-promoting compounds in blueberries are anthocyanins. [23:59.87]Besides combatting the free-radical damage linkied to heart disease and cancer, [24:07.31]anthocyanins may boost brainpower. [24:12.67]Another blueberry benefit is: [24:17.53]like cranberries,they seem to fight off urinary-tract infections by preventing [24:25.78]E.coli bacteria from adhering to the bladder wall.

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