全國英語等級考試教材第三級Unit14

[00:00.00] CHAPTER 14 SOCIAL RELATIONS [00:13.87]Unit 14 Social Relations [00:20.51]Conversations [00:24.03]part 1 [00:27.69]Part is talking about the family reunion with Alice. [00:34.25]Park:My parents told me my uncles and aunts are planning a big family reunion in London this spring. [00:43.10]Alice:Are you going to the reunion? [00:47.05]Park:You bet.All my uncles and aunts will take their children along,too. [00:53.52]So I'll meet many cousins there. [00:57.89]Alice:How nice!But why London? [01:02.56]Park:Because two of my aunts are Englishwomen. [01:07.11]They met and got married to my uncles in London. [01:11.97]Some of their relatives are still living there. [01:16.64]Alice:Have you ever been to London before? [01:20.90]Park:No.As a matter of fact,I've never traveled outside this country. [01:27.38]I'm very excited about it.I can't wait. [01:32.71]Alice:My parents are going to take me to go on a trip to Tokyo next month [01:39.06]but I've been there twice already. [01:43.92]part 2 [01:47.26]Old friends meet in the restaurant. [01:52.09]Ted:It's good to see you again.You are an engineer,arn't you? [01:58.62]Did you stay in New York after you left the university? [02:04.19]Arthur:No,I worked in Canada for two years.It's a good place. [02:11.13]Ted:That sounds interesting,but I'm sure you are glad to be back. [02:17.48]What have you been doing since you came back? [02:22.34]Arthur:I've been seeing old friends,visiting my family, [02:28.79]buying things for my new flat and just having a holiday. [02:35.45]Ted:Haven't you got another job? [02:39.82]Arthur:Yes,I started a week ago.But what about you? [02:46.06]Ted:I've got a job in a company that sells office equipment- [02:52.23]paper,typewriters-you know the sort of thing. [02:57.37]It may sound rather dull, [03:01.42]but I'm a salesman and I've been traveling all over Europe for the last two years. [03:08.40]I'm still traveling and still selling.I like working abroad. [03:14.56]part 3 [03:18.40]At a social gathering. [03:22.06]Mrs.West:Mr.and Mrs.Rice,oh,I'M delighted you could come. [03:28.82]I've been looking forward to meeting you.I've heard so much about you. [03:36.40]Mrs.Rice:Oh,Mrs.West,it's really a great pleasure for us to be here. [03:42.85]Mr.Rice:It's so nice to meet you. [03:46.90]Mrs.West:Let me introduce you.This is Andrew White. [03:45.90]Andrew,this is Rice.And Ann,his wife. [03:51.54]Andrew:Oh,Mrs.Rice.How exciting!You've just moved here,haven't you? [03:58.80]Mrs.Rice:Yes,that's right. [04:02.28]Andrew:I just loved your latest fashion show.I found it absolutely fascinating. [04:09.64]Mrs.West:So well done.You've certainly got a fantastic imagination. [04:16.20]Mrs.Rice:Thank you.I'm glad you said that. [04:20.64]Passage [04:23.70]US-Japan Relation [04:28.45]In Tokyo some years ago, [04:32.71]a Japanese camera maker sought to explain why Japanese were such eager photographers: [04:41.17]Cameras were among the first luxuries that Japanese could have after Word War II: [04:48.93]They were very cheap;the quality was competitive. [04:54.81]Then he became a bit philosophical: [04:59.85]"You must understand that we Japanese want to have a record of everytint [05:07.40]marriage,children,sightseeing,even funerals. [05:14.04]We like to look back and that's part of what makes us different from Americans." [05:21.09]"For you Americans,"he said,"tomorrow is more important than yesterday. [05:29.55]You Americans,you always look ahead;you never look back." [05:36.63]That remark helps to explain the remarkable relations between Japan and America [05:44.39]since the San Francisco Peace Treaty was signed [05:49.43]to bring a formal end to World War II. [05:53.98]The 50th anniversary of that treaty [05:59.02]was celebrated in San Francisco last year with Secretary fo State Colin Powell [06:06.96]and Foreign Minister Makiko Tanaka leading the American and Japanese delegations. [06:15.71]A half-century ago, [06:19.47]it was easier for the victorious Americans to put the war behind them [06:26.13]and to look ahead, [06:29.37]but that doesn't explain how blood enemies became allies. [06:36.22]Nor does it provide a reason for that alliance enduring through economic quarrels, [06:43.58]deepo differences over security and most of all, [06:49.51]between peoples so distinctly different. [06:54.58]The treaty itself was a starting point, [06:59.83]especially compared to the Treaty of Versailles after World War I. [07:06.10]Versailles sought to punish Germany,especially in economies. [07:13.23]That led to the failure of the Weimar Republic and the rise of Adolf Hitler; [07:20.78]20 years later,Europe was in World War II. [07:26.66]In contrast,San Francisco stripped Japan of its colonial empire [07:34.31]and armed forces but sought to cultivate reform in the nation's politics, [07:42.05]to rebuild its economy and standard of living, [07:47.51]and to bring Japan back into the community of nations. [07:53.78]Keeping Japan on the US side during the early days of the Cold War was part, [08:01.72]but not all,of the American motive. [08:06.16]The five decades of good relation between the two countries [08:11.80]is strikng in the world today, [08:15.85]when there are so many quarrels and hate between countries,peoples and religions. [08:24.21]Japanese beliveve in Buddhism while Americans are Christians. [08:31.16]Japanese are far less diverese than Americans. [08:37.09]Japanese take pride in social harmony,Americans in individuality. [08:44.84]Japanese look to their obligations,Americans to their rights. [08:52.21]Japanese seek agreement in making decisions, [08:57.88]Americans decide in an adversarial fashion. [09:03.52]Why,then,a half-century of alliance? [09:09.77]The reasons are partly idealistic but mostly pragmatic. [09:16.04]Japanese share the principles of democracy [09:21.36]even if they practice it quite differently. [09:26.61]Culturally many Japanese are intrigued by the art, [09:32.57]music and some of the lifestyles of Americans. [09:38.21]A smaller number of Americans are drawn by what they consider to be [09:45.19]the exotic nature of Japan. [09:49.73]In addition,they share a drive for prosperity [09:54.91]and rising standard of living and Japan rely on America in security matters. [10:02.45]Now Japanese and Americans have gotten along,traveled, [10:09.12]studied and done business in each other's countries, [10:14.55]forming close personal relationships. [10:19.38]Words and Expressions [10:23.43]cometitve philosophical sightseeing funeral [10:27.01]有競爭力的 哲學(xué)的 觀光 葬禮 [10:30.59]look ahead remark remarkable treaty [10:34.13]向前看 評論，意見 值得注意的， 條約 [10:37.67]anniversary delegation victorious ally [10:41.30]周年 代表團(tuán) 勝利的 盟國 [10:44.93]alliance endure strip...of... colonial [10:48.80]聯(lián)盟 忍受;持續(xù) 剝奪 殖民地的 [10:52.66]empire cultivate reform community [10:56.14]帝國 培養(yǎng)，培育 改革 團(tuán)體;社會 [10:59.61]motive striking religion Buddhism [11:02.99]動機，目的 驚人的 宗教 佛教 [11:06.38]Christian diverse take pride in individuality [11:10.10]基督教徒 多樣化的 以。。。為驕傲 個性 [11:13.82]obligation adversarial fashion idealistic [11:17.65]義務(wù) 對抗性的 形式 意識形態(tài)的 [11:21.47]pragmatic democracy intrigued exotic [11:24.96]實際的;實用主義的 民主 著迷的 外來的 [11:28.45]prosperity security [11:30.67]繁榮 安全 [11:32.89]Exercises [11:36.44]Section I Listening Comprehension [11:41.59]Listen to the record. [11:45.66]Answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D from the four possible choices. [11:55.02]A 1.W:What about going to my hometown to have a good summer holiday? [12:02.67]M:Oh,wonderful,and I'll see the beautiful hills again. [12:08.31]2.M:If you're introduced to a friend's wife,what would you do? [12:14.97]W:Ah,if I call that friend by his first name,and then meet his wife, [12:22.84]I'll probably start out calling his wife"Mrs" [12:29.00]3.M:Would you like to go on a tour with us on Friday? [12:35.06]W:I would enjoy that very much if I didn't have to take an exam on Saturday. [12:42.92]I think I'd better stay at home and study. [12:47.47]4.M:I don't think having big parties is a mistake.I like big parties. [12:56.25]I think we should pay back our friends who have invited us to their parties. [13:02.70]W:But big parties are so impersonal. [13:08.26]I think we should have several small ones instead. [13:14.11]M:My parents told me my uncles and aunts are planning a big family reunion in London this spring. [13:23.57]W:Are you going to the reunion? [13:27.33]M:You bet. [13:30.57]6.M:I've never been to London before. [13:36.92]I am very excited about it.I can't wait. [13:41.67]W:My parents are going to take me to go on a trip to Tokyo next month, [13:48.62]but I've been there twice already. [13:53.38]7.W:It's good to see you again.You are an engineer,aren't you? [14:01.74]Did you stay in New York after you left the university? [14:07.38]M:No,I worked in Canada for two years.It's a good place. [14:13.65]B M:Hello,what's your name? [14:18.90]W:Me?I'm Lois.Lois Pace. [14:23.97]M:Do you live around here? [14:27.13]W:No.I liven in Pine Park. [14:31.18]M:Oh,how nice!I also live in Pine Park.I'm Wayne Smith,by the way. [14:38.54]W:Nice to meet you. [14:42.07]M:What brings you down here,Lois? [14:45.52]W:Lucy's an old friend fo mine.What about you? [14:50.87]M:Oh,you know,different things.But I want to hear about you. [14:56.44]Tell me about yourself,please. [15:00.51]W:Well... [15:03.67]M:Your dress is beautiful.I like it. [15:07.33]W:Thank you. [15:10.57]M:You know.When I saw you from the other side of the room, [15:15.22]I thought“that girl's really got class." [15:20.08]W:Thank you. [15:23.13]M:Eh,Lois,can I get you a drink? [15:27.29]W:No,thanks.Not for the moment. [15:31.36]M:Look.Lois,why don't we go some place quiet and have dinner together? [15:37.61]W:What?But excuse me,sir.Here comes my husband.It's a pleasure meeting you. [15:45.15]C It's never easy to admit you are wrong. [15:51.79]Being human,we all need to know the art of apologizing. [15:58.03]Look back with honesty and think how often you've judged roughly, [16:04.38]said unkind things,pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend. [16:10.76]Then count the occasions when you indicated clearly and truly that you were sorry. [16:18.12]A bit frightenig,isn't it? [16:21.67]Frightening because some deep wisdom in us [16:26.53]knows that when even a small wrong has been committed, [16:31.50]some mysterious moral feeling is disturbed; [16:36.85]and it stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and regret expressed. [16:44.01]I remember a doctor friend Clarence Lieb, [16:49.26]telling me about a man who came to him with a variety of signs: [16:55.32]headaches,insomnia and stomach trouble.No physical cause could be found. [17:03.26]Finally Dr.Lieb said to the man, [17:07.70]"unless you tell me what's worrying you,I can't help you." [17:13.76]After some hesitation,the man confessed that,as executor of his father's will, [17:22.12]he had been cheating his brother,who lived abroad,of his inheritance. [17:28.47]Then and there the wise old doctor made the man write to his brother [17:34.74]asking forgiveness and enclosing a cheque as the first step in restoring their good relation. [17:42.89]He then went with him to the mail box in the corridor. [17:47.93]As the letter disappeared,the man burst into tears. [17:53.57]"Thank you,"he said."I think I'm cured."And he was. [18:00.13]A heartfelt apology can not only heal a damaged ralationship [18:07.18]but also make it stronger. [18:11.05]If you can think of someone who deserves an apology from you, [18:16.69]someone you have wronged,or judged too roughly, [18:21.45]or just neglected,do something about it right now. [18:26.91]Supplementary Reading [18:31.45]Norwegians and the Nature [18:36.31]In the unconscious of a traveler, [18:40.88]Norway evokes a concept of an extreme land,of absolute north. [18:48.33]The extreme north of Europe is known as Lapland, [18:54.39]a land that straddles the Norwegian borders [18:59.74]to include the northern part of Scandinavia and a small portion of Russia. [19:06.59]The native population is the"Sami"who live traditionally on hunting and fishing, [19:14.76]in symbiosis,even if nowadays in a technological versions,with their environment. [19:23.83]The capital of Norway,Oslo,has a population of barely half a million. [19:31.98]The city ensures the necessary administrative and cultural cohesion of people [19:39.73]who have a very strong sense of harmony with the nature, [19:45.61]born in their distant viking past and proudly cultivated throughout the years. [19:53.55]The Holmenkollen ski-jumping board is one of the most famous symbols of Oslo. [20:01.49]Norwegians'relationship with skis goes very far back in time: [20:08.97]indeed it is not improbable [20:13.69]that even the vikings traversed Scandinavia on these wooden slats. [20:20.54]The fundamental relationship that Norwegians have with nature [20:26.99]makes them open and uninhibited with respect to nudity. [20:33.23]Here,the human body is displayed with spontaneity and directness, [20:40.39]like one of the many natural elements that blend in with the landscape. [20:46.63]In front of the square of the City Hall,the quay that overlooks the fjord [20:54.68]the Aker Brygge-has been attractively restructured and turned into a walk, [21:02.05]a shopping centre and an entertainment area. [21:07.79]But the grand spectacle is still the beating of the waves of the sea [21:14.56]and the boats bathed in the golden light of the summer. [21:20.20]Another look at the fortress of Akershus, [21:25.84]which once again demonstrates the harmony of the city with nature, [21:32.09]is all the more worthwhile. [21:36.45]The itinerary from north to south is a compendium of Nowrwegian nature: [21:44.03]thundering water-falls,rushing mountain streams and roads that run along glaciers, [21:52.99]after having gone through dense pine forests and coastal lakes and fjord. [22:00.43]The interior of the country is incredibly rugged [22:06.07]and almost one third of it is couvered with trees. [22:11.35]Despite its northern latitude, [22:16.03]the Norwegian climate is essentially mnaritime and damp, [22:22.27]because it is influeced by the mitigating action of the warm Gulf Stream, [22:29.03]originating from the Gulf of Mexico, [22:33.71]which flows up the coast preventing the formation of sea ice. [22:40.66]Bergen,a port lying in the southeast of the country, [22:46.90]is crowede with brightly coloured houses, [22:52.26]which belongs to German traders of the powerful Hanseatic League. [22:59.02]Despite sevewral fires,the area maintains the atmosphere of the"old port" [23:06.68]and commercial city from the Middle ages. [23:12.11]UNESCO recently declared it a world heritage site [23:18.46]and inclueded it on the list of monuments that are to be preserved. [23:24.94]There is a large park in the centre of Bergen [23:29.90]which is taken up almost completely by an octagonal lake, [23:35.96]around which,lie some of the principal museums in the city. [23:41.81]The Hakonshallen,the most beautiful monument in the city, [23:48.45]lies within the walls of Bergen's fortress. [23:53.70]The great 13th century Gothic hall [23:58.74]was buitlt for the parties and the rceptinons in the days [24:04.17]of the city's control over trade in the North Sea. [24:09.14]You get the best view over Bergen, [24:14.10]the fijord and the surrounding pine-covered mountains from the Belvedere. [24:20.55]It's easy to admire Norwegians for their unique way of respecting the nature! [24:28.21]From north to south,from Lapland to Osl and Bergen, [24:34.58]Norwegian people have conviced us,with time,that human beings, [24:42.02]as the most advanced yet most vulnerable in the grand family of nature, [24:49.68]can live in harmony with all its other members.

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