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VOA慢速英語：韓國計劃無視聯合國制裁向朝鮮提供援助

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2017年09月20日

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[00:00.16]Members of the United Nations Security Council are considering new sanctions [00:05.76]for North Korea in reaction to its sixth and most powerful nuclear test. [00:13.36]However, experts say the support of China is critical [00:18.40]to increase pressure on the government of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. [00:25.44]China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi said Thursday, [00:29.44]"The U.N. Security Council should respond further and take necessary measures." [00:36.36]But, Wang said "sanctions and pressure" must be tied to "dialogue and negotiations." [00:44.32]China has said that increased restrictions [00:47.84]will not ease tensions on the Korean Peninsula. [00:53.40]U.S. President Donald Trump spoke to Chinese President Xi Jinping [00:59.04]about North Korea on Wednesday. [01:02.48]Trump said Xi agreed on the need to answer North Korea's nuclear test, [01:09.88]saying, "He does not want to see what is happening there either." [01:16.12]On Monday, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley [01:21.96]said the 15-member UN Security Council would negotiate a version [01:28.12]of a resolution to place new sanctions on North Korea. [01:34.12]She said the U.S. would seek a vote by Monday. [01:38.68]On August 5, the UN Security Council approved resolution 2371. [01:48.08]It came as the result of two long-range missile tests [01:52.84]that North Korea carried out in July. [01:56.92]The UN Security Council barred North Korea from exporting coal, [02:02.80]iron, lead and seafood, along with other restrictions. [02:09.92]The measures were aimed at cutting about one-third of North Korea's [02:14.88]$3 billion in export income. [02:20.36]However, now there are calls to cut North Korea's fuel imports [02:26.12]in an effort to build pressure on its leaders. [02:30.84]VOA received a copy of the new proposed resolution on North Korea on Wednesday. [02:38.84]The proposal calls for stopping North Korean cloth and clothing exports, [02:44.96]and seeks to put limits on North Koreans working in other countries. [02:51.32]But the biggest restriction would ban the sale of oil, [02:55.48]refined petroleum products, and natural gas liquids to the North. [03:02.52]Support from Russia and China is needed for an oil embargo to work. [03:09.12]Both countries are permanent members of the Security Council. [03:14.28]They also are energy exporters to North Korea. [03:19.40]On Wednesday, Russian President Vladimir Putin did not offer support [03:25.32]for the idea of blocking North Korea's oil imports. [03:30.36]Putin spoke during a meeting with South Korean President Moon Jae-in [03:35.88]in an economic meeting in Vladivostok, Russia. [03:40.56]China provides North Korea with most of its oil and gas. [03:47.04]Joseph DeTrani is a former special diplomat to the six party talks. [03:53.48]They were nuclear talks including both Koreas, China, Russia, Japan and the U.S. [04:04.52]DeTrani says the leverage that the Chinese "have on crude oil is immense." [04:12.20]But he says an oil embargo would destabilize North Korea's economy, [04:18.08]something China opposes. [04:20.90]Although China and North Korea have had strained relations, [04:26.76]DeTrani says Chinese public support for an oil ban is unlikely. [04:35.12]"China doesn't want to make North Korea a total enemy. [04:39.88]They want to have some leverage. [04:42.80]They don't want to totally alienate the leadership in Pyongyang." [04:50.00]Richard Bush is with the Brookings Institution's John L. Thornton China Center. [04:56.84]He says China has to walk a fine line in its policies towards its eastern neighbor. [05:05.72]Bush says China wants to influence North Korea to stop its nuclear and missile tests. [05:14.08]At the same time, China worries that a complete oil embargo [05:19.60]would cause the country to collapse. [05:23.12]That situation would create a refugee crisis on China's border. [05:29.88]Instead, Bush says China may try to create some flexibility [05:35.68]in possible new sanctions by setting a limit for yearly oil imports, [05:42.08]or by slowly decreasing them. [05:45.92]He says China "wants to preserve its own freedom of action and flexibility, [05:53.24]but at the same time be responsive to the concerns of the international community." [06:01.52]Yun Sun is a China expert at the Stimson Center in Washington DC. [06:09.04]She says China has not shown that it is willing to cut off the North's oil supplies. [06:16.96]She said it might press for oil exports to be considered [06:21.72]a humanitarian exception to UN Security Council sanctions. [06:28.08]I'm Mario Ritter.

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Despite Sanctions, South Korea Plans to Send Aid to North

韓國計劃無視聯合國制裁向朝鮮提供援助

South Korean President Moon Jae-in seems to have moved closer to the United States' position on North Korea.

韓國總統(tǒng)文在寅似乎同美國對朝鮮的立場更加接近了。

Moon appears to be more supportive of the U.S. policy to pressure the North Korean government into giving up its nuclear program. Yet his government still plans to send $8 million in humanitarian aid to the North.

文在寅似乎更加支持美國迫使朝鮮政府放棄其核武器計劃的政策。然而文在寅政府卻還在計劃向朝鮮提供800萬美元的人道主義援助。

Baik Tae-hyun is with the South Korean Unification Ministry. On Monday, he said the political situation would not stop South Korea from sending aid for children, pregnant women and some social groups.

韓國統(tǒng)一部的白泰鉉周一表示，政治局勢不會阻止韓國向兒童、孕婦和一些社會團體提供援助。

Moon Jae-in is a former human rights lawyer. At the start of his presidency in May 2017, he tried to balance economic actions against North Korea with aid to that country. His hope was to lessen conflict between the two Koreas over time.

文在寅曾是人權律師。他在2017年5月擔任總統(tǒng)伊始就試圖在對朝鮮經濟制裁和援助之間取得平衡。他希望隨著時間推移，減少兩國之間的沖突。

On sanctions

關于制裁

However, North Korea carried out its sixth nuclear test earlier this month. Since then, the Moon administration has given signs it would more fully support U.S. President Donald Trump's "maximum pressure" strategy toward the North. The policy combines economic sanctions and the threat of military action to try to force North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons.

然而，本月初朝鮮進行了第六次核試驗。此后，文在寅政府已經表現出將會更加全面支持美國總統(tǒng)川普對朝鮮“施加最大壓力”戰(zhàn)略的跡象。該政策結合了經濟制裁和武力威脅，力圖迫使朝鮮放棄核武器。

President Moon has expressed support for the latest United Nations or UN sanctions against North Korea. U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Nikki Haley said those measures cut "90 percent of trade and 30 percent of oil" imports to North Korea. Moon also tried to get Russian President Vladimir Putin to support a total oil embargo on North Korea. But neither Russia nor China were willing to support such a measure.

文在寅總統(tǒng)表示支持聯合國對朝鮮的最新制裁。美國駐聯合國大使尼基·黑利(Nikki Haley)表示，這些措施將會切斷“朝鮮90%的貿易和30%的進口。”文在寅還試圖說服俄羅斯總統(tǒng)普京支持對朝鮮的全面石油禁運。但是中俄兩國都不愿意支持這樣一種措施。

After North Korea fired a ballistic missile over Japan last Friday, Moon said negotiation with Pyongyang is impossible if things continue this way.

在上周五朝鮮發(fā)射一枚彈道導彈飛越日本之后，文在寅表示，如果事態(tài)繼續(xù)這樣發(fā)展，與平壤的談判就絕無可能。

On Monday, Moon said his government wants to give North Korea "powerful punishment" to make it clear that the North has "no other choice but to give up its nuclear weapons and missiles."

文在寅周一表示，韓國政府希望給予朝鮮“有力懲罰”，以明確表明朝鮮“別無選擇，唯有放棄其核武器和導彈。”

Humanitarian aid

人道主義援助

President Moon is now prioritizing support for the U.S. strategy toward North Korea. But experts say he still wants to find a long-term peaceful solution to the nuclear crisis, which is also a goal for the Trump administration.

文在寅總統(tǒng)目前重點支持美國對朝鮮戰(zhàn)略。但是專家表示，他依然希望找到和平解決核危機的長期辦法，這也是川普政府的目標。

"It is not either-or, but both countries need to achieve both goals," said Bong Young-shik, a North Korean expert with the Yonsei University Institute for North Korean Studies in Seoul.

首爾延世大學朝鮮問題研究所的朝鮮問題專家旁永世(音譯)說：“這不是一個非此即彼的問題，而是兩國政府都需要達成的雙重目標。”

The Unification Ministry defended its humanitarian aid plan as "separate from sanctions and pressure" and talked of the need to help North Koreans who already live in poverty.

韓國統(tǒng)一部為其人道主義援助計劃辯護，稱其“與制裁和試壓毫不相干，”并談到了幫助已經生活在貧困中的朝鮮人的必要性。

South Korea plans to donate $4.5 million to help the World Food Program provide food to North Korean hospitals. And, it will give $3.5 million to the United Nations Children's Fund for medicine and nutrition to help children and pregnant women.

韓國計劃捐出450萬美元幫助世界糧食計劃署向朝鮮醫(yī)院提供食物。同時，它將向聯合國兒童基金會捐出350萬美元用于購買藥品、營養(yǎng)品，以幫助兒童和孕婦。

These donations to UN agencies would restart South Korean humanitarian aid to the North. The aid was suspended in 2016 after North Korea's fourth nuclear test. The North Korean government rejected earlier offers of assistance and cooperation from Seoul.

向聯合國機構提供的上述捐助將會重啟韓國對朝鮮的人道主義援助。這種援助在2016年朝鮮第四次核試驗之后中斷。朝鮮政府拒絕了韓國之前提供的援助和合作。

The Moon administration noted that the U.S. and Russia provided millions of dollars in the last year for aid to North Korea through the same U.N. agencies.

文在寅政府指出，美國和俄羅斯去年也通過相同的聯合國機構，向朝鮮提供了數百萬美元的援助。

But Yoshihide Suga, Japan's chief cabinet secretary, said last week that giving aid to North Korea could weaken international efforts to pressure the North.

但是日本內閣官房長官菅義偉上周表示，援助朝鮮可能會削弱國際社會向朝鮮施壓的努力。

Moon's critics say the aid will lessen the effect of the sanctions and help to stabilize the Kim government as it continues to develop nuclear weapons.

批評文在寅的人士表示，這些援助將會減輕制裁的影響，并且在朝鮮繼續(xù)發(fā)展核武器之際幫助穩(wěn)定該國政府。

Ahn Chan-il is an expert with the World Institute for North Korean Studies in Seoul. He fled to South Korea from the North almost 40 years ago.

首爾朝鮮問題國際研究所專家安昌有(Ahn Chan-il)近40年前從朝鮮逃到了韓國。

Ahn said, "South Korea's decision to send humanitarian aid to North Korea is nothing different from sending medication for casualties to an enemy country."

安昌有表示：“韓國向朝鮮提供人道主義援助的決定無異于向敵國傷員送藥。”

South Korean opposition parties also criticized the timing of the aid announcement last week, just after international sanctions began.

韓國反對黨上周，也就是國際制裁開始之后，也對韓國宣布援助的時機提出了批評。

There are also concerns that President Trump will again be critical of President Moon's aid plan. Trump recently called Moon's aid approach unworkable "appeasement."

還有人擔憂川普將會再次批評文在寅的援助計劃。川普最近稱文在寅的援助手段是不可行的“綏靖主義。”

I'm Jill Robbins. And I'm Alice Bryant.

吉爾·羅賓斯報道。艾莉絲·布萊恩特報道。

South Korean President Moon Jae-in seems to have moved closer to the United States’ position on North Korea.

Moon appears to be more supportive of the U.S. policy to pressure the North Korean government into giving up its nuclear program. Yet his government still plans to send $8 million in humanitarian aid to the North.

Baik Tae-hyun is with the South Korean Unification Ministry. On Monday, he said the political situation would not stop South Korea from sending aid for children, pregnant women and some social groups.

Moon Jae-in is a former human rights lawyer. At the start of his presidency in May 2017, he tried to balance economic actions against North Korea with aid to that country. His hope was to lessen conflict between the two Koreas over time.

On sanctions

However, North Korea carried out its sixth nuclear test earlier this month. Since then, the Moon administration has given signs it would more fully support U.S. President Donald Trump’s “maximum pressure” strategy toward the North. The policy combines economic sanctions and the threat of military action to try to force North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons.

President Moon has expressed support for the latest United Nations or UN sanctions against North Korea. U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Nikki Haley said those measures cut “90 percent of trade and 30 percent of oil” imports to North Korea. Moon also tried to get Russian President Vladimir Putin to support a total oil embargo on North Korea. But neither Russia nor China were willing to support such a measure.

After North Korea fired a ballistic missile over Japan last Friday, Moon said negotiation with Pyongyang is impossible if things continue this way.

On Monday, Moon said his government wants to give North Korea “powerful punishment" to make it clear that the North has “no other choice but to give up its nuclear weapons and missiles.”

Humanitarian aid

President Moon is now prioritizing support for the U.S. strategy toward North Korea. But experts say he still wants to find a long-term peaceful solution to the nuclear crisis, which is also a goal for the Trump administration.

“It is not either-or, but both countries need to achieve both goals,” said Bong Young-shik, a North Korean expert with the Yonsei University Institute for North Korean Studies in Seoul.

The Unification Ministry defended its humanitarian aid plan as “separate from sanctions and pressure” and talked of the need to help North Koreans who already live in poverty.

South Korea plans to donate $4.5 million to help the World Food Program provide food to North Korean hospitals. And, it will give $3.5 million to the United Nations Children’s Fund for medicine and nutrition to help children and pregnant women.

These donations to UN agencies would restart South Korean humanitarian aid to the North. The aid was suspended in 2016 after North Korea's fourth nuclear test. The North Korean government rejected earlier offers of assistance and cooperation from Seoul.

The Moon administration noted that the U.S. and Russia provided millions of dollars in the last year for aid to North Korea through the same U.N. agencies.

But Yoshihide Suga, Japan’s chief cabinet secretary, said last week that giving aid to North Korea could weaken international efforts to pressure the North.

Moon’s critics say the aid will lessen the effect of the sanctions and help to stabilizethe Kim government as it continues to develop nuclear weapons.

Ahn Chan-il is an expert with the World Institute for North Korean Studies in Seoul. He fled to South Korea from the North almost 40 years ago.

Ahn said, “South Korea's decision to send humanitarian aid to North Korea is nothing different from sending medication for casualties to an enemy country."

South Korean opposition parties also criticized the timing of the aid announcement last week, just after international sanctions began.

There are also concerns that President Trump will again be critical of President Moon’s aid plan. Trump recently called Moon's aid approach unworkable “appeasement.”

I'm Jill Robbins. And I'm Alice Bryant.

_______________________________________________________________

Words in This Story

sanction – n. an action that is taken or an order that is given to force a country to obey international laws, often by limiting or stopping trade with that country or not allowing it economic aid

embargo – n. a government order that limits trade in some way

ballistic missile – n. a weapon that is shot through the sky over a great distance and then falls to the ground and explodes

prioritize – v. to organize things so that the most important thing is done or dealt with first

stabilize – v. to become stable or to make something secure

casualty – n. a person who is hurt or killed during an accident or war

appeasement – n. the act of making someone pleased or less angry by giving or saying something desired

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