VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：不丹王國(guó)以國(guó)民幸福總值論成敗

In Bhutan, Gross National Happiness More Important

不丹王國(guó)以國(guó)民幸福總值論成敗

Prayer flags fly high in the wind across steep valleys and roads in the Kingdom of Bhutan. Many visitors remember seeing Bhutan's Buddhist religious centers and stately looking defenses called Dzongs. Others might recall large water-powered prayer wheels spinning near waterfalls or farmers watching over long-haired yaks in the countryside.

在不丹王國(guó)險(xiǎn)峻的山谷和道路上，經(jīng)幡在風(fēng)中高高飄揚(yáng)。很多游客都記得不丹的佛教宗教中心和雄偉的瞭望防御設(shè)施宗堡(Dzong)。其他人可能會(huì)想起瀑布附近的大型水力轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)輪，或是農(nóng)村放牧長(zhǎng)毛牦牛的農(nóng)民。

Bhutan is the last remaining Buddhist kingdom in the Himalayas. The country lies between India and China, but it has never been captured or colonized.

不丹是喜馬拉雅山脈僅剩的一個(gè)佛教王國(guó)。該國(guó)位于中印之間，但是從未被占領(lǐng)或殖民。

Bhutan still has much of its ancient culture. But it is attempting to become more modern without sacrificing its independence, culture or natural environment.

不丹仍然保有該國(guó)眾多的古老文化。但是該國(guó)正試圖在不犧牲獨(dú)立性、文化和自然環(huán)境的前提下變得更加現(xiàn)代。

Bhutan advertises itself as an "exclusive" place to visit through "high value, low impact" tourism. Foreign visitors usually travel there by way of India or other nearby countries. Tourists can only visit Bhutan by signing up with licensed tour operators. The cost is between $200 and $250 a day, depending on the time of year. The government uses some of that money to pay for health care, schools and public services.

不丹宣傳自己是“高價(jià)值、低力度”旅游業(yè)中一個(gè)值得探訪的“獨(dú)特”地區(qū)。外國(guó)游客通常經(jīng)過(guò)印度或其它鄰國(guó)前往不丹。游客們只能通過(guò)與持牌旅游經(jīng)營(yíng)者簽訂合同才能造訪不丹。費(fèi)用大約在每日200到250美元之間，具體取決于一年中的時(shí)節(jié)。政府將這其中的一些收入用于醫(yī)保、學(xué)校和公共事業(yè)。

In the 1970s, the fourth king of Bhutan proposed an unusual method for measuring the country's success. Unlike traditional measures, like the gross domestic product, the king suggested what he called gross national happiness. Gross national happiness means efforts in support of sustainable development, education and health, and valuing societal good over economic growth.

20世紀(jì)70年代，不丹第四任國(guó)王提出了一種衡量該國(guó)成功度的不同尋常的方法。與國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值等傳統(tǒng)衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同，這位國(guó)王提出了所謂的國(guó)民幸?？傊?。國(guó)民幸?？傊狄馕吨С挚沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展、教育和健康，并更加重視社會(huì)福祉而不是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。

The smoking of cigarettes is banned in the kingdom. In addition, Bhutan is the world's only carbon-negative country. That means it produces less carbon than its forests and other plants take in.

不丹王國(guó)禁止吸煙。此外，不丹是世界上唯一一個(gè)碳凈排放為負(fù)值的國(guó)家。這意味著該國(guó)產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳低于其森林和其它植物吸收的二氧化碳。

In 2016, the fifth and current king created the Laya Royal Highlander Festival, an event designed to bring tourists. The celebration takes place in October. It includes events like yak judging, wrestling competitions, pony races and native dancing.

2016年，第五任也就是現(xiàn)任國(guó)王創(chuàng)立了拉雅皇家高地人節(jié)，這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)旨在吸引游客。慶祝活動(dòng)在10月份舉行，其中包括牦牛選美、摔跤比賽、矮種馬賽跑以及本土舞蹈等。

Tourists attending the highland festival have to travel a total of 58 kilometers, from a height of 1,830 meters to more than 3,800 meters above sea level. Many paths along the way are rocky. Tour groups use donkeys to carry fuel, tents and other supplies. Rain can make those trails dangerous for both the animals and festival goers.

參加這項(xiàng)高原節(jié)日的游客一共必須跋涉58公里，從海拔1830米爬上海拔3800多米。沿途道路崎嶇，旅游團(tuán)使用毛驢運(yùn)輸燃料、帳篷等物品。下雨會(huì)讓這些小路給這些動(dòng)物和節(jié)日游人帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)。

But the difficult conditions did not stop Bhutan's king from attending the event last October. He made the trip in only a few hours. Most tourists, however, complete the trip in two days.

但是艱難條件并未能阻止不丹國(guó)王參加去年的活動(dòng)。他只用了幾個(gè)小時(shí)就完成了旅程。然而大多游客都在2天內(nèi)完成旅程。

One popular festival event is a race called the nyagay. Six women wearing yak-wool skirts pull large pieces of wood halfway across a field. They then drop the wood and place 23 kilogram sacks of grain on the backs of their male partners. The women then climb on the men's backs. The men pick up the wood, then race back to the starting line.

其中一項(xiàng)頗受歡迎的活動(dòng)是nyagay比賽。六名穿著牦牛絨裙子的婦女把木頭拉到田地的中間，然后扔下木頭，把23公斤重的一袋袋谷物放到她們男性同伴的背上，然后這些婦女爬到男人背上。這些男性抱起木頭，然后跑回起跑線。

Festival organizers covered a tent with gold and set up a throne-like chair for the king. But he spent most of his time greeting people. Before the start of the pony race, food was served. Hundreds of villagers and visitors sat cross-legged as helpers served rice, vegetable curries and hot butter tea. All of the food was provided by the king. And everyone seemed very happy.

節(jié)日組織者用黃金做帳篷頂，并為國(guó)王安放了一張宛若王座的椅子。但是他大部分時(shí)間都在跟人們打招呼。在矮種馬賽跑開(kāi)始前，食物端了上來(lái)。數(shù)以百計(jì)的村民和游客盤(pán)腿而坐，服務(wù)人員提供了米飯、蔬菜咖喱和熱奶油茶。所有食物都是國(guó)王提供的，大家看上去都很高興。

I'm Jonathan Evans.

喬納森·埃文斯報(bào)道。