VOA慢速英語：巴西對教育體系進行重大改革

Brazil to Make Major Changes in Education System

巴西對教育體系進行重大改革

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro is looking to make major changes to his country's education system.

巴西總統(tǒng)雅伊爾·博索納羅(Jair Bolsonaro)希望對該國的教育體系進行重大改革。

Brazilian officials recently announced plans to remove subjects related to feminism, homosexuality and violence against women from school textbooks. They say the military will take over some public schools. Bolsonaro and other officials also criticize the ideas of Paulo Freire, one of Brazil's most famous educators.

巴西官員最近宣布計劃從學(xué)校教科書中刪除涉及女權(quán)主義、同性戀以及針對婦女暴力行為的題材。他們表示，軍方將會接管一些公立學(xué)校。博索納羅和其他官員還批評了巴西最著名教育家之一保羅·弗萊雷(Paulo Freire)的一些觀點。

The announcement concerns many teachers and education officials. They say the government wants to fight an enemy that does not exist.

這一消息讓很多教師和教育官員感到擔憂，他們表示政府想要打擊一個不存在的敵人。

Students may not find many differences as they return to school this month, but changes are on the way.

學(xué)生們本月返校時可能不會發(fā)現(xiàn)很大差異，但是改變正在進行當中。

For the government, the ideological battle begins with the removal of Freire's legacy in schools. Bolsonaro and others say Freire's way of thinking turns students into, in his words, "political militants."

對于政府而言，意識形態(tài)斗爭從消除弗萊雷在學(xué)校中的遺產(chǎn)開始。博索納羅等人表示，弗萊雷的思維方法將學(xué)生們變成了“政治武裝分子。”

They say Freire's methods encourage students to go against traditional values such as family and the church.

他們稱弗萊雷的思維方法鼓勵學(xué)生們反對家庭和教會等傳統(tǒng)價值觀。

Bolsonaro and his education minster appear to be taking ideas on education from people like Olavo de Carvalho. De Carvalho is a Brazilian who lives in the United States and is known for his anti-globalism and anti-socialist views.

博索納羅及其教育部長似乎開始接受奧拉沃·德卡瓦略(Olavo de Carvalho)等人的教育觀念。德卡瓦略是一位生活在美國的巴西人，他以反全球主義和反社會觀點而聞名。

Freire believed that the government has a responsibility to educate the Brazilian people, including poor farmers and those unable to read. But de Carvalho believes in reducing the government's part in education. Instead, private or religious schools should have that responsibility.

弗萊雷認為政府有責任教育巴西人民，包括貧困農(nóng)民和文盲。但是德卡瓦略認為要減少政府在教育方面的作用。相反，私立學(xué)校和宗教學(xué)校應(yīng)該承擔這一責任。

During a talk about education on YouTube, de Carvalho said, "The government does not have to educate anyone; it is the society that has to educate itself."

德卡瓦略在Youtube網(wǎng)站上一次關(guān)于教育的談話中表示：“政府無需教育任何人，社會必須自我教育。”

Brazil has 13 military-run schools. They are aimed at educating children of soldiers, but also accept some students based on merit. The military is the most respected institution in the country. Its schools are thought to be better than many public schools.

巴西有13所軍隊運營的學(xué)校，它們旨在教育軍人的孩子，但是也接受一些優(yōu)等生。軍隊是該國最受尊敬的機構(gòu)，軍隊的學(xué)校被認為超過了許多公立學(xué)校。

Last year, 39.5 million students attended a public school. Private schools served 9 million students. Opponents say the way military schools select students would end up being unfair to children living in poor areas.

去年有3950萬學(xué)生就讀于公立學(xué)校，9百萬人就讀于私立學(xué)校。反對人士稱，軍隊學(xué)校遴選學(xué)生的方式最終會對生活在貧困地區(qū)的兒童不公平。

Claudia Costin is director of Brazil's Center for Excellence and Innovation in Education Policies in Rio de Janeiro. She said government efforts should center on things like improved training and wages for teachers and making the entrance test for teachers more difficult. She also supports the idea of building a common program of study for schools across Brazil.

克勞迪雅·科斯坦(Claudia Costin)是巴西里約熱內(nèi)盧教育政策卓越和創(chuàng)新中心的主任。她說政府應(yīng)該努力改善教師的培訓(xùn)和工資，并加大教師資格考試的難度。她還支持為巴西各地學(xué)校建立通用學(xué)科課程的想法。

The government "complains about indoctrination at school," Costin said. "But it is not with laws that you solve these things."

科斯坦表示，政府“抱怨學(xué)校灌輸思想，但是你解決問題的辦法不合法。"

Brazil was 63rd out of the 72 countries and areas in the 2015 Program for International Student Assessment. The study was done by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

巴西在2015年國際學(xué)生評估項目的72個國家和地區(qū)中排名第63位。這項研究由經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織完成。

The group says Brazil has one of the largest numbers of adults without a high-school education. Schools are overcrowded, teacher wages are low and school buildings are often in need of repairs.

該組織表示，巴西是成年人未接受高中教育人數(shù)最多的國家之一。學(xué)校人滿為患，教師工資低，校舍經(jīng)常需要維修。

Government reports say more than 5,800 schools had no water supply in 2017. Nearly 5,000 had no electricity and 8,400 had no waste removal systems.

政府報告稱，2017年有5800多所學(xué)校沒有供水，近5千所學(xué)校沒有供電，還有8400所學(xué)校沒有垃圾處理系統(tǒng)。

I'm Jonathan Evans.

喬納森·埃文斯報道。