大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程 unit 01
- Unit 1 Text A
- Text B
[00:16.00]第一單元 課文A
[00:32.00]on the other hand
[00:35.76]How to Be a Successful Language Learner?
[00:37.89]怎樣成為一名成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者
[00:40.02]"Learning a language is easy.Even a child can do it!"
[00:42.75]“學(xué)好一種語言很容易。連孩子都做得到!”
[00:45.48]Most adults who are learning a second language
[00:47.56] 大多數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)第二語言的成年人
[00:49.63]would disagree with this statement.
[00:51.51]不會(huì)同意這一說法。
[00:53.39]For them,learning a language is a very difficult task.
[00:55.97] 對(duì)于他們來說，學(xué)習(xí)語言是一項(xiàng)很困難的任務(wù)。
[00:58.54]They need hundreds of hours of study and practice,
[01:00.83]他們需要數(shù)百小時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)，
[01:03.11]and even this will not guarantee success
[01:05.44]就是這樣也不能保證
[01:07.76]for every adult language learner.
[01:09.75]每一位成年語言學(xué)習(xí)者都能成功。
[01:11.73]Language learning is different from other kinds of learning.
[01:14.11]語言學(xué)習(xí)不同于基它種類的學(xué)習(xí)。
[01:16.49]some people who are very intelligent
[01:18.41]有些很聰明并在自己領(lǐng)域
[01:20.33]and successful in theier fields find it difficult
[01:22.70]很有成就的人卻發(fā)現(xiàn)
[01:25.08]to succeed in language learing.
[01:26.96]學(xué)好語言很難。
[01:28.84]Conversely,some people who are successful language learners
[01:31.62]相反，有些成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者
[01:34.41]find it difficult to succeed in other fields.
[01:36.78]發(fā)現(xiàn)他們?cè)谄渌I(lǐng)域取得成就也很難。
[01:39.16]Language teachers often offer advice to language learners;
[01:41.64]語言教師通常給語言學(xué)習(xí)者提出建議：
[01:44.12]"Read as much as you can in the new language."
[01:46.36]“盡量多讀外語。”
[01:48.59]"Practice speaking the language every day."
[01:50.56]“每天練習(xí)說外語。”
[01:52.54]"Live with people who speak the language."
[01:54.46]“和說外語的人多接觸。”
[01:56.38]"Don't translate--try to think in the new language."
[01:59.05]“不要翻譯——努力用外語思維。”
[02:01.73]"Learn as a child would learn;play with the language."
[02:04.21]“像孩子那樣學(xué)習(xí);輕輕松松學(xué)語言。”
[02:06.69]But what does a successful language learner do?
[02:08.93]可是成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者是怎么做的呢?
[02:11.16]Language learning research
[02:12.78]語言學(xué)習(xí)研究表明，
[02:14.40]shows that successful language language learners are similar in many ways.
[02:17.22]成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者許多方面是相似的。
[02:20.04]First of all,successful language learners are independent learners.
[02:23.07]首先，成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者是獨(dú)立的學(xué)習(xí)者。
[02:26.10]They do not depend on the book or the teacher;
[02:28.34]他們不依賴書本或老師;
[02:30.57]they discover their own way to learn the language.
[02:32.75]他們找到自己學(xué)外語的方法。
[02:34.93]Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain,
[02:37.11]他們不等著老師去解釋，
[02:39.29]they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.
[02:41.82]而是自己努力去找出句型和規(guī)則等。
[02:44.34]They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.
[02:47.52]他們很會(huì)猜測(cè)，會(huì)找出線索并得出自己的結(jié)論。
[02:50.71]When they guess wrong,they guess again.
[02:52.75]要是猜錯(cuò)了，他們會(huì)再猜。
[02:54.79]They try to learn from their mistakes.
[02:56.76]他們會(huì)努力從自己的錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)到東西。
[02:58.73]Successful language learning is active learning.
[03:01.21]成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)是積極主動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)。
[03:03.69]Therefore,successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language;
[03:06.93]因此，成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者不坐等說外語的機(jī)會(huì);
[03:10.17]they look for such a chance.
[03:11.95]他們會(huì)尋找這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。
[03:13.72]They find people who speak the language
[03:15.60]他們找到那些說外語的人
[03:17.49]and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake.
[03:20.12]并請(qǐng)他們糾正自己犯的錯(cuò)誤。
[03:22.76]They will try anything to communicate.
[03:24.68]他們會(huì)盡一切努力與人交流。
[03:26.60]They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange thing;
[03:29.38]他們不害怕重復(fù)所聽到東西，也不擔(dān)心自己會(huì)說些莫名其妙的話。
[03:32.17]they are willing to make mistakes and try again.
[03:34.39]他們情愿犯些錯(cuò)誤，然后再重來。
[03:36.61]When communication is difficult,
[03:38.38]在交流有困難時(shí)，
[03:40.16]they cna accept information that is inexact or incomplete.
[03:42.64]他們能夠接受不準(zhǔn)確或不完整的信息。
[03:45.12]It is more important for them
[03:46.95]于他們來說，
[03:48.78]to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
[03:51.81]用外語思維比了解每個(gè)詞的意思更為重要。
[03:54.84]finally,successful language learners are learners with a purpose.
[03:57.68]最后，成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者是目的明確的學(xué)習(xí)者。
[04:00.51]They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language
[04:03.38]他們是因?yàn)閷?duì)外語和說外語的人
[04:06.26]and the people who speak it .
[04:07.84]感興趣才學(xué)外語的。
[04:09.42]It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people
[04:12.45]他們認(rèn)為有必要學(xué)習(xí)外語以便
[04:15.48]and to learn from them.
[04:17.01]能與說外語的人交流并向他們學(xué)習(xí)。
[04:18.53]They find it easy to practice using the language regularly
[04:20.87]所以他們感到經(jīng)常練習(xí)說外語并不難。
[04:23.21]because they want to learn with it.
[04:24.99]因?yàn)樗麄兿肜猛庹Z學(xué)習(xí)新東西，
[04:26.76]What kind of language learner are you?
[04:28.59]你是哪一種語言學(xué)習(xí)者呢?
[04:30.42]If you are a successful language learner,
[04:32.34]你若是一名成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者，
[04:34.26]you have probably been learning independently,
[04:36.55]你大概一直在獨(dú)立地、
[04:38.83]actively,and purposefully.
[04:40.66]主動(dòng)地、目的明確地學(xué)習(xí)。
[04:42.49]On the other hand,if your language learning has been less than successful,
[04:45.31]反之，如果你的外語學(xué)得一直不太成功，
[04:48.13]you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.
[04:50.72]你不妨試試上面概括的一些技巧。
[04:54.92]課文 B
[04:56.54]Language
[04:58.12]語言
[04:59.70]when we want to tell other people what we think,
[05:02.22]當(dāng)我們要把自己的想法告訴別人時(shí)，
[05:04.74]we can do it not only with the help of words,but also in many other ways.
[05:08.83]我們不僅可以借助于詞語，還可用許多其它方法。
[05:12.92]For instance,We sometimes move our heads up and down when we want to say "yes"
[05:16.94]比方說，我們想說“是”的時(shí)候通常點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭;
[05:20.97]and we move our heads from side to side when we want to say"no"
[05:24.21]而想說“不”的時(shí)候就搖搖頭。
[05:27.44]People who can neither hear nor speak (that is,deaf and dumb people)
[05:31.42]那些既聽不見也不能說的人(即聾啞人)
[05:35.39]talk to each other with the help of their fingers.
[05:38.12]則用手勢(shì)相互交談。
[05:40.85]People who do not understand each other's language have to do the same.
[05:44.63]人們彼此語言不通時(shí)也這么做。
[05:48.42]The following story shows how they sometimes do it.
[05:51.35]下面的故事就表現(xiàn)他們有時(shí)是這么做的。
[05:54.27]An Englishman who could not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.
[05:57.96]有一次，一位不會(huì)說意大利語的英國人曾在意大利旅行。
[06:01.64]One day he entered a restaurant and sat down at a table.
[06:05.18]一天他走進(jìn)一家鈑店并坐在一張桌旁。
[06:08.72]When the waiter came,the Englishman opened his mouth,
[06:11.75]當(dāng)侍者走過來時(shí)，這位英國人張開嘴，
[06:14.78]put his fingers in it,took them out again and moved his lips.
[06:18.66]把手指放在嘴里，又拿了出來，并動(dòng)了動(dòng)嘴唇。
[06:22.54]In this way he meant to say, "Bring me something to eat."
[06:26.22]他想以此說，“給我拿點(diǎn)吃的來。”
[06:29.90]The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea.
[06:32.63]侍者很快給他端來一杯茶。
[06:35.36]The Englishman shook his head and the waiter understood that he didn't want tea,
[06:39.75]這位英國人搖搖頭，侍者明白了他并不想要茶。
[06:44.14]so he took it away and brought him rome coffee.
[06:46.92]于是他把茶端走又給他端來了咖啡。
[06:49.70]The Englishman,who was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty,
[06:53.53]這位英國人這時(shí)已非常鋨但一點(diǎn)也不渴，
[06:57.36]looked very sad.
[06:59.40]所以他看上去很不高興。
[07:01.43]He shook his head each time the waiter brought him something to drink.
[07:04.92]侍者每次給他端來喝的東西時(shí)，他都搖搖頭。
[07:08.41]The waiter brought him wine,then beer,
[07:11.53]侍者給他端來了葡萄酒，接著是啤酒，
[07:14.65] then soda-water,but that wasn't food,of course.
[07:17.83]然后是蘇打水，可這些當(dāng)然都不是吃的。
[07:21.00]He was just going to leave the restaurant when another traveler came in.
[07:24.79]他正要離開時(shí)，另一位旅客進(jìn)來了。
[07:28.57]When this man saw the waiter,he put his hands on his stomach.
[07:32.21]這個(gè)人看到了侍者就把雙手放到肚子上。
[07:35.84]That was enough: in a few minutes
[07:38.71]這就足夠了：幾分鐘之后
[07:41.58]there was a large plate of macaroni and meat on the table before him.
[07:45.32]一大盤通心粉和肉就擺在了他面前。
[07:49.05]As you see,the primitive language of signs is not always very clear.
[07:53.59]可見，這種原始的確良手勢(shì)語言不總是非常明確的。
[07:58.12]The language of words is much more exact.
[08:01.35]詞語的語言要準(zhǔn)確得多。
[08:04.57]Words consist of sounds,
[08:07.21]詞語由聲音組成
[08:09.85]but there are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words.
[08:13.68]然而有許多聲音雖有一定的意義卻不是詞語。
[08:17.50]For example,we may say "Sh-sh-sh" when we mean "keep silent."
[08:21.58]例如，我們想說“保持安靜”時(shí)就會(huì)說“噓——噓——噓”。
[08:25.65]When babies laugh,we know they are happy,
[08:28.49]當(dāng)嬰兒笑時(shí)，我們知道他們很高興。
[08:31.32]and when they cry,we know they are iii or simply want something.
[08:34.59]當(dāng)他們哭時(shí)，我們知道他們病了或只是想要某個(gè)東西。
[08:37.85]It is the same with animals.
[08:40.35]動(dòng)物也是這樣。
[08:42.84]When a dog says "G-r-r" or a cat says "F-f-f" we know they are angry.
[08:47.41]當(dāng)一條狗發(fā)出，“G——r——r”的聲音或一只貓發(fā)出“F——f——f”的聲音時(shí)，我們知道它們生氣了。
[08:51.98]But these sounds are not language.
[08:54.66]但是這些聲音不是語言。
[08:57.34]Language consists of words which we put together into sentences.
[09:01.06]語言是由我們用于組成句子的詞語組成的。
[09:04.78]But animals can not do this:a dog can say "G-r-r" when he means "I am angry,"
[09:08.96]可是動(dòng)物不會(huì)這么做么：狗想說“我生氣了”時(shí)會(huì)叫“G——r——r”，
[09:13.14]but he cannot say first "I' and then "am" and then "angry."
[09:17.41]但它不能說“我”，然后說“生氣”，然后說“了”。
[09:21.68]A parrot can talk like a man;
[09:23.87]鸚鵡可以像人一樣說話;
[09:26.05]it can repeat whole sentences and knows what they mean.
[09:29.38]它可以重復(fù)整句話，也知道這句話意思。
[09:32.71]We may say that a parrot talks,but cannot say that it really speaks,
[09:36.84]我們可以說鸚鵡學(xué)舌，但我們不能說它真正會(huì)說話，
[09:40.96]because it cannot form new sentences out of the words it knows.
[09:44.93]因?yàn)樗荒苡盟赖脑~語組成新的句子。
[09:48.90]Only man has the power to do this.
[09:51.48]只有人才有這種能力。
