大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程 unit 05
- Unit 5 Text A
- Unit 5 Text B
[00:00.00]Unit 5 Text A
[00:02.14]第五單元 課文A
[00:04.28]Fallacies about Food
[00:06.50]關(guān)于食品的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)
[00:08.72]Many primitive peoples believed
[00:11.05]很多原始人相信，
[00:13.37]that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.
[00:17.45]動(dòng)物就可以獲得這種動(dòng)物的某些長處。
[00:21.52]They thought, for example,
[00:23.44]比如，他們認(rèn)為，
[00:25.36]that eating deer would make them runas fast as the deer.
[00:28.55]吃鹿肉能使他們跑得像鹿一樣飛快。
[00:31.74]Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies
[00:35.02]一些野蠻部落則相信，
[00:38.30]that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave.
[00:41.42]吃那些在戰(zhàn)斗中表現(xiàn)驍勇的敵人能使他們也勇敢。
[00:44.54]Man-eating may have started because
[00:46.92]吃人現(xiàn)象開始發(fā)生可能是因?yàn)?br /> [00:49.29]people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies.
[00:52.62]人們渴望變得像他們的敵人一樣強(qiáng)壯和勇敢。
[00:55.95]Among civilized people
[00:58.14]在文明人中，
[01:00.32]it was once thought that ginger root by come magical power
[01:03.70]生姜曾被認(rèn)為具有魔力，
[01:07.08] could improve the memory.
[01:09.26]能提高人們的記憶力。
[01:11.44]Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty.
[01:14.32]蛋則被認(rèn)為能使人的聲音甜美。
[01:17.19]Tomatoes also were believed to have magicai powers.
[01:20.52]人們也相信西紅柿有魔力，
[01:23.85]They were called love apples
[01:26.13]稱之為愛情蘋果。
[01:28.40]and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love.
[01:31.48]人們以為，誰吃了西紅柿，誰就會(huì)陷入情網(wǎng)。
[01:34.56]Later another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up--
[01:38.04]后來，又出現(xiàn)了關(guān)于西紅柿的另一種錯(cuò)誤說法——
[01:41.51]the idea that they were poisonous.
[01:43.99]即西紅柿有毒。
[01:46.48]How surprised the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be
[01:49.75]如果有這種想法的人知道二戰(zhàn)期間
[01:53.03]if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes
[01:56.61]成百萬磅的西紅柿被供應(yīng)給在海外作戰(zhàn)的士兵，
[02:00.19]were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War II.
[02:03.22]他們?cè)摱囿@訝呀。
[02:06.25]Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food.
[02:09.88]即使今天仍有許多關(guān)于食物的錯(cuò)誤說法。
[02:13.51]Some of them are very widespread.
[02:16.10]其中一些還流傳甚廣。
[02:18.68]One such idea is that fish is the best brain food.
[02:21.86]這些說法中有一種是，魚是最好的健腦食品。
[02:25.03]Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food.
[02:29.81]魚是良好的益腦食品，正如它對(duì)肌肉、皮膚和骨骼是有閃的食品一樣。
[02:34.59]But no one has been able to prove
[02:37.11]但還沒有 人能夠證明，
[02:39.63] that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food.
[02:43.07]魚的益腦作用比許多別的食品要強(qiáng)。
[02:46.50]Another such idea is that you should not drink water with meals.
[02:49.98]另一種錯(cuò)誤的說法是，吃飯時(shí)我不應(yīng)該喝水。
[02:53.45]Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea,
[02:57.33]喝水將食物沖下而替代咀嚼固然不是好辦法，
[03:01.21]but some water with meals has been found to be helpful.
[03:04.29]但人們發(fā)現(xiàn)吃飯時(shí)喝些水是有益的。
[03:07.38]It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food.
[03:11.35]水能夠促進(jìn)消化液的分泌，從而幫助消化。
[03:15.32]Many of the ideas which scientists tell us have no foundation
[03:18.79]科學(xué)家告訴我們，
[03:22.27] have to do with mixtures of foods.
[03:24.84]很多毫無根據(jù)的說法與混合食物有關(guān)。
[03:27.41]A few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk
[03:31.28]幾年前，這種看法變得十分普遍，
[03:35.14] should never be drunk at the same meal.
[03:37.57]即桔汁和牛奶決不可在同一餐中飲用。
[03:40.00]The reason given was that the acid in the orange juice
[03:43.03]所給的理由是桔汁中的果酸會(huì)使牛奶凝結(jié)，
[03:46.06] would make the milk curdle and become indigestible.
[03:49.04]使之變得難以消化。
[03:52.02]As a matter of fact,milk always meets in the stomach a digestive juice which curdles it;
[03:57.31]但事實(shí)上，牛奶在胃里總是與一種使之凝結(jié)的消化液混合。
[04:02.60]the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion.
[04:05.83]牛奶的凝結(jié)是其被消化的第一步。
[04:09.05]A similar wrong idear is that fish and ice cream
[04:12.32]另一種類似 的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)是，
[04:15.58]when eaten at the same meal form a poisonous combination.
[04:19.07]在同一餐中吃魚和水淇淋會(huì)使二者形成一種有毒的化合物。
[04:22.56]Still another wrong idea about mixing foods
[04:25.84]還有一種關(guān)于混合食物的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)，
[04:29.11]is that proteins and carbohydrates should never be eaten at the same meal.
[04:32.94]即蛋白質(zhì)和碳水化合物決不可在同一餐中食用。
[04:36.77]Many people think of'bread, for example,as a carbohydrate food.
[04:39.90]比如，很多人認(rèn)為面包是一種碳水化合物食品。
[04:43.04]It is chiefly a carbohydrate food, but it also contains proteins.
[04:47.41]面包主要是碳水化合物食品，但它也含有蛋白質(zhì)。
[04:51.79]In the same way,milk, probably the best single food,
[04:54.92]同樣地，牛奶可算是最佳的單一食品了，
[04:58.06] contains both proteins and carbohydrates.
[05:00.88]但它卻同時(shí)含有蛋白質(zhì)及碳水化合物。
[05:03.70]It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and potatoes together
[05:07.72]決不能把肉類和土豆放在一起吃，這種說法是愚蠢的，
[05:11.75]as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk.
[05:15.08]就像是說不要吃面包或不要喝牛奶一樣。
[05:18.41]Text B
[05:20.04]課文B
[05:21.67]Do Animals Think?
[05:23.50]動(dòng)物會(huì)思考嗎？
[05:25.33]The question has often been asked,Do animals think?
[05:28.36]人們經(jīng)常會(huì)問這個(gè)問題，動(dòng)物會(huì)思考嗎？
[05:31.39]I believe that some of them think a great deal.
[05:33.96]我相信一些動(dòng)物思考甚多。
[05:36.54]Many of them are like children in their sports.
[05:39.17]很多動(dòng)物能你孩子一樣地游戲。
[05:41.81]We notice this to be true very often with dogs and cats;
[05:44.69]我們注意到貓和狗是這樣的，
[05:47.56]but it is true with other animals as well.
[05:50.13]但別的動(dòng)物也如此。
[05:52.71]Some birds are very lively in their sports;
[05:55.64]一些鳥類在游戲時(shí)非?；顫?，
[05:58.58]and the same is true with some insects.
[06:01.10]一些昆蟲也如此。
[06:03.62]The ants,hardworking as they are,have their times for play.
[06:07.26]螞蟻盡管工作很勤勞，但仍有時(shí)間玩耍。
[06:10.89]They run races;they wrestle;and sometimes they have mock fights together.
[06:14.86]它們賽跑、摔跤，有時(shí)還一起進(jìn)行模擬戰(zhàn)斗。
[06:18.83]Very busy must be their thoughts while engaged in these sports.
[06:22.07]它們?cè)趶氖逻@些游戲時(shí)，思想一定很忙碌。
[06:25.31]There are many animals, however,
[06:27.64]但還有很多動(dòng)物從不玩耍。
[06:29.98]that never play;their thoughts seem to be of the more sober kind.
[06:33.51]它們的思想似乎屬于比較嚴(yán)肅那一類的。
[06:37.04]We never see frogs engaged in sport.
[06:39.52]我們從沒有見過青蛙做什么游戲。
[06:42.00]They all the time appear to be very grave.
[06:44.62]所有時(shí)候它們都顯得很莊重。
[06:47.25]The same is true of the owl,
[06:49.59]貓頭鷹也這樣，
[06:51.92]who always looks as if he were considering some important question.
[06:54.96]總是顯出一副似乎正在思考重要問題的樣子
[06:57.99]Animals think much while building their houses.
[07:00.96]動(dòng)物在建造家園進(jìn)思考很多。
[07:03.94]The bird searches for what it can use in building its nest,
[07:07.06]鳥類在搜尋它所能用來
[07:10.18]and in doing this it thinks.
[07:12.40]筑巢的東西時(shí)總在思考。
[07:14.63]The beavers think as they build their dams and their houses.
[07:17.81]海貍在建房和建筑時(shí)也思考問題。
[07:21.00]They think in getting their materials,
[07:23.43]它們琢磨如何找到材料，
[07:25.86]and also in arranging them,and in plastering them together with mud.
[07:29.14]安置材料之后找用泥漿把它們粘在一起。
[07:32.41]Some spiders build houses
[07:34.60]一些蜘蛛編織的“房子”隊(duì)了有思考能力的動(dòng)物外，
[07:36.78]which could scarcely have been made except by some thinking creature.
[07:39.86]別的動(dòng)物幾乎不可能造出來。
[07:42.94]As animals think, they learn.Some learn more than others.
[07:46.32]正如動(dòng)物會(huì)思考一樣，它們也會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)。一些動(dòng)物比另一些動(dòng)物學(xué)得快。
[07:49.71]The parrot learns to talk,though in some other respects it is quite stupid.
[07:53.80]鸚鵡雖然在一些別的方面挺笨，但能學(xué)話。
[07:57.88]The mocking bird learns to imitate a great many different sounds.
[08:00.97]反舌鳥能學(xué)會(huì)模仿很多不同的聲音。
[08:04.05]The horse is not long in learning many things connected
[08:06.92]馬在學(xué)習(xí)干很多與它的活兒
[08:09.80] with the work which he has to do.
[08:11.98]有關(guān)的事情上還不算慢。
[08:14.16]The shepherd dog does not know as much about most things as some other dogs,
[08:17.54]牧羊犬對(duì)很多事情不如別的狗知道得多，
[08:20.92]and yet he understands very well how to take care of sheep.
[08:23.95]可它非常明白應(yīng)該如何看管好羊群。
[08:26.98]Though animals think and learn,
[08:28.90]雖然動(dòng)物既思考也學(xué)習(xí)，
[08:30.82]they do not make any real improvement in their ways of doing things,as men do.
[08:34.21]但在做事的方法上并不能像人那樣有真正的改進(jìn)。
[08:37.59]Each kind of bird has its own way of building a nest,
[08:40.46]每種鳥都有其獨(dú)特的筑巢方式，
[08:43.34] and it is always the same way.
[08:45.47]但總是一成不變。
[08:47.60]And so of other animals.
[08:49.67]別的動(dòng)物也如此。
[08:51.75]They have no new fashions,and learn none from each other.
[08:54.62]它們?nèi)狈π碌幕▊?，也不?huì)相互學(xué)習(xí)。
[08:57.50]But men,as you know,are always finding new ways of building houses,
[09:01.13]而人呢，正如你知道的那樣，總在發(fā)現(xiàn)建造房屋的新方法，
[09:04.76]and improved methods of doing almost all kinds of labor.
[09:07.59]并入進(jìn)了幾乎所的工作的方法。
[09:10.43]Many of the things that animals know how to do
[09:13.21]有許多事情動(dòng)物知道怎么做，
[09:15.99] they seem to know either without learning,
[09:18.21]但它們要么未經(jīng)過學(xué)習(xí)就會(huì)，
[09:20.43]or in some way which we cannot understand.
[09:22.96]，要么是以某種我們不了解的方式學(xué)會(huì)的。
[09:25.50]They are said to do such things by instinct;
[09:28.12]據(jù)說它們憑本能就會(huì)做這些事，
[09:30.75]but no one can tell what instinct is.
[09:33.18]但沒人能說清什么是本能。
[09:35.61]It is by this instinct that birds build their nests
[09:38.44]正是通過這種本能，鳥類搭巢，
[09:41.28] and beavers their dams and huts.
[09:43.50]海貍筑堤造窩。
[09:45.72]If these things were all planned and thought out just as men plan new houses,
[09:49.40]如果這些事情像人設(shè)計(jì)新房子一樣有所計(jì)劃，
[09:53.08]there would be some changes in the fashions of them,and some improvements.
[09:56.32]有所設(shè)想，式樣上就應(yīng)該有所變化，有所改進(jìn)。
[09:59.56]I have spoken of the building instinct of beavers.
[10:02.54]我已經(jīng)談過海貍 的建筑本能。
[10:05.52]An English gentleman caught a young one and put him at first in a cage.
[10:09.20]一個(gè)英國紳士捉了只小海貍，先把它關(guān)在籠子里。
[10:12.88]After a while he let him out in a mom
[10:15.67]過了一會(huì)兒紳士把它放到一個(gè)有各種東西的房間里。
[10:18.45] where there was a great variety of things.
[10:20.67]小海貍一被放出來，
[10:22.89]As soon as he was let out he began to exercise his building instinct.
[10:26.57]就開始運(yùn)用它的建筑本能。
[10:30.26]He gathered together whatever he could find,
[10:32.62]它把所能找到的各種東西集中起來，
[10:34.98]brushes,baskets,boots,clothes,sticks,bits of coal,etc.,
[10:39.75]如刷子、籃子、靴子、衣服、棍子、
[10:44.52] and arranged them as if to build a dam.
[10:46.95]小煤塊等，把它們擺放得好像筑堤一樣。
[10:49.38]Now,if he had had his wits about him,
[10:52.32]那么，如果海貍真有才智的話，
[10:55.26]he would have known that there was no use in building a dam
[10:57.99]它本應(yīng)該知道
[11:00.71]where there was no water.
[11:02.49]，在沒有水地方筑堤是毫無意義的。
[11:04.27]It is plain that,
[11:05.94]很明顯，
[11:07.61]while animals learn about things by their senses as we do,
[11:10.75]當(dāng)動(dòng)物像人一樣依靠感官學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，
[11:13.88]they do not think nearly as much about what they learn,
[11:16.70]它們不像人一樣對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的東西深入思考，
[11:19.52]and this is the reason why they do not improve more rapidly.
[11:22.50]而這就是為什么它們不能得到更快提高的原因。
[11:25.48]Even the wisest of them, as the elephant and the dog,
[11:28.56]即使它們中緊聰明的動(dòng)物，如大象和狗，
[11:31.64]do not think very much about what they see and hear.
[11:34.47]對(duì)所見所聞也思考不夠。
[11:37.29]Nor is this all.
[11:39.10]這還不是全部原因。
[11:40.92]There are some things that we understand,
[11:43.33]我們?nèi)四芾斫獾囊恍〇|西，
[11:45.75]but about which animals know nothing.
[11:47.97]動(dòng)物對(duì)此則一無所知。
[11:50.19]They have no knowledge of anything that happens outside of their own observation .
[11:53.87]它們不了解發(fā)生在自己觀察范圍之外的事情。
[11:57.56]Their minds are so much unlike ours
[11:59.99]它們頭腦與我們的大不一樣，
[12:02.42]that they do not know the difference between right and wrong.
[12:05.24]以致無法知道對(duì)錯(cuò)之分。
