國家地理:女性是如何改變盧旺達的(5)

Justine Uvuza led the legal division of the Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion and was tasked with, among other things, identifying gender-discriminatory laws to be amended or repealed, such as a law that forbade women from working at night. Another law not only prohibited women from entering the diplomatic corps, but said a woman was "part of the property" of a man who became a diplomat. Changes in Rwanda's laws also established a Gender Monitoring Office to promote and oversee gender-equality initiatives. Women in parliament lobbied for laws against gender-based violence that criminalized marital rape, and amended the succession law in 2016 to allow childless widows to inherit a spouse's property.

賈斯丁·尤扎負責性別和家庭關系促進部門的法務，除了日常日常工作，她還要判斷哪些涉及性別歧視的法律是需要進行修改的，比如禁止女性在晚上工作的法律。還有一部法律不僅禁止女性進入外交部門，還說女性是男性外交官財產(chǎn)的一部分。盧旺達法律的改變同樣也促成了性別監(jiān)督辦公室的建立，它被用來推動和監(jiān)督性別平等事業(yè)。國會的女性四處游說，要求制定反對性別暴力和婚內(nèi)強奸的法律，她們還要求在-2016年修訂繼承法，允許沒有孩子的寡婦繼承配偶的財產(chǎn)。

The post-genocide changes came about in large part because of the absence of men, but as human rights lawyer Karekezi says, also "because of a political vision." Women were rewarded for refusing to shelter men, including kinsmen, who were involved in the genocide, and for testifying against their rapists. The pro-women policies, Karekezi says, also recognized a woman's precolonial role in decision-making, when the country's kings were counseled by their mothers and when rural women held communities together while men were away with grazing livestock.

大屠殺之后發(fā)生的變革是因為男性的缺失，但是正如人權律師卡雷克奇說的，同樣也是因為政治遠見。女性因為沒有包庇那些參與了屠殺的男性，包括包庇她們的親屬以及站出來指證那些強奸犯而獲得了獎賞?？ɡ卓似嬲f，這些有利于女性的政策顯示了女性在決策過程中的主要地位，在這種環(huán)境下國王的母親可以對他們提意見，農(nóng)村男性在外飼養(yǎng)牲畜，女性管理社區(qū)。

Rwanda's values and expectations for women, at least in the public realm, have changed in a generation. As more women like Rubagumya have entered the government's ranks, their impact has been inspirational in addition to shaping laws and policies. Agnes Nyinawumuntu, 39, is president of a 160-member women's coffee-growing cooperative high in the lush hills of the eastern Kayonza district. Before the genocide, she says, the list of things women couldn't do, including coffee growing, was long. "There was only one activity for us: to be pregnant and have kids." Nyinawumuntu has five, and although her husband also works in agriculture, she's the primary breadwinner. Seeing women in parliament, she says, "gives us confidence and pride. I see that if I work, I can get far. That's why some of us became local leaders."

盧旺達對女性價值的判斷和期待在一個世紀內(nèi)，至少在公共領域，發(fā)生了巨大的改變。隨著更多的像盧巴高米亞這樣的女性進入政府機構(gòu)，包括修訂法律和政策，她們在很多其他領域的影響都非常鼓舞人心。艾格尼絲·尼納烏門圖今年39歲，她在東卡擁扎鎮(zhèn)一座樹木茂盛的山上種植咖啡，在一家有160名成員的女性咖啡種植公司擔任總裁。她說，在屠殺發(fā)生前，女性不能做的事情的單子非常長，其中還包括咖啡種植。“我們能做的只有一件事，懷孕生子?！彼F(xiàn)在有五個孩子，盡管她的丈夫也從事農(nóng)業(yè)，但她才是家中的頂梁柱。她說，看到別的女性進入國會，“這給了我們自信也讓我們驕傲。我認識到只要我努力工作我就可以走的更遠。這就是為什么我們中的一些人成為了當?shù)氐念I導?！?/p>