大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程下冊(cè)課文(帶字幕)07

[00:00.00]Unit 7 text A Leisure and Leadership
[00:03.75] 休閑與引導(dǎo)
[00:07.50]Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies
[00:11.47]觀察和研究結(jié)果表明,先進(jìn)工業(yè)社會(huì)中
[00:15.44]are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure
[00:18.68]人們?cè)絹?lái)越關(guān)心休閑機(jī)會(huì)
[00:21.92]and what they can do in their leisure time.
[00:24.44]和在休閑時(shí)間里做些什么.
[00:26.96]The importance people attach to paid holidays
[00:29.69]其標(biāo)志是人們認(rèn)為帶薪休假
[00:32.42]and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation
[00:36.14]和眾多娛樂(lè),休養(yǎng)服務(wù)的快速發(fā)展很重要.
[00:39.86]are signs of this increasing concern.
[00:44.72]The term "quality of life" is difficult to define.
[00:47.91] "生活質(zhì)量"這個(gè)詞很難定義.
[00:51.10]It covers a very wide scope such as living environment health,employment,
[00:55.47]它飲食的范圍很廣,諸如生活環(huán)境,健康,職業(yè),
[00:59.85]food,family life,friends,education,material possessions leisure
[01:04.42]食品,家庭生活,朋友,教育,物質(zhì)財(cái)富,
[01:08.99]leisure and recreation,and so on.
[01:11.95]休閑和休養(yǎng)等等.
[01:14.92]Generally speaking,the quality of life especially as seen by the individual,
[01:18.64]一般來(lái)說(shuō),生活質(zhì)量,特別是在個(gè)人看來(lái),其意義
[01:22.36]is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life
[01:26.33]是郵在多大程度上這些不同的生活領(lǐng)域
[01:30.31]are available or provide satisfaction to the individual.
[01:33.54]可以被個(gè)人享受或可以使個(gè)人滿意來(lái)衡量的.
[01:36.78]As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one's spare time
[01:40.47] 作為在休閑時(shí)進(jìn)行的自己認(rèn)為適當(dāng)?shù)幕顒?dòng),
[01:44.15]leisure has the following functions:
[01:46.49]休閑具有下列功能:
[01:48.83]relaxation recreation and entertainment,and personal development.
[01:52.60]放松,休養(yǎng)和娛樂(lè),以及個(gè)人的發(fā)展.
[01:56.38]The importance of these varies according to the nature of one's job and one's life-style.
[02:00.35]其重要性隨著一個(gè)人的工作性質(zhì),生活方式的不同而不同.
[02:04.32]Thus,people who need to exert much energy in their work
[02:07.26]因此,需要在工作上花費(fèi)很多精力的人們
[02:10.19]will find relaxation most desirable in leisure.
[02:13.13]會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)休閑中的放松更大有益處.
[02:16.07]Those with a better education and in professional occupations
[02:19.34]那些受過(guò)教育從事專(zhuān)業(yè)工作的人們
[02:22.60]may tend more to seek recreationand personal development
[02:26.13]可能更傾向于在休閑時(shí)尋求休養(yǎng)和個(gè)人發(fā)展
[02:29.66](e.g., cultivation of skills and hobbies) in leisure.
[02:33.04](例如:技術(shù)和業(yè)余愛(ài)好的培養(yǎng)).
[02:36.42]The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.
[02:39.60] 休閑的具體用途,人與人各不相同.
[02:42.77]Even the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals.
[02:46.54]即使同一種休閑活動(dòng),不同人用起來(lái)也不同.
[02:50.32]Thus,the following are possible uses of television watching
[02:56.77]a popular leisure activity:
[02:58.85]這樣,以下是電視,一種流行的休閑活動(dòng)的幾種可能的用途:
[03:00.92]a change of experience to provide "escape" from the stress and strain of work;
[03:05.20]改變感受,從壓力和緊張中"逃脫"出來(lái),
[03:09.47]to learn more about what is happening in one's environment;
[03:12.29]更多地了解周?chē)h(huán)境中正在發(fā)生的事情;
[03:15.11]to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself
[03:17.84]提供一個(gè)了解自己的機(jī)會(huì),
[03:20.57]by comparing other people's life experiences as portrayed in the programmes.
[03:24.04]通過(guò)與節(jié)目中所描述的他人的生活閱歷比較中.
[03:27.52]In an urban society in which highly structured,
[03:30.40] 在城市社會(huì)里,結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密,步調(diào)迅速,
[03:33.29]fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life,
[03:37.36]充滿壓力的工作籠罩著人們的生活,
[03:41.44]experiences of a different nature,be it television watching or bird-watching,
[03:45.16]某種不同性質(zhì)的經(jīng)歷,不管是看電視還是看鳥(niǎo),
[03:48.88]can lead to a self-renewal and a more"balanced"way of life
[03:53.01]都能導(dǎo)致自我更大新和一種"平衡"的生活方式.
[03:57.14]Since leisure is basically self-determined
[03:59.78]由于休閑基本上是自己決定的事,
[04:02.42]one is able to take to one's interests and preferences
[04:05.89]個(gè)人就可以培養(yǎng)自己的興趣和愛(ài)好,
[04:09.36]and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.
[04:12.94]并以能為自己帶來(lái)享受和滿足的方式從事某項(xiàng)活動(dòng).
[04:16.52]Our likes and dislikes,tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books,
[04:21.39] 我們的好惡,口味和愛(ài)好,構(gòu)成了我們這些選擇的基礎(chǔ),
[04:26.27]going to the cinema,camping,or certain cultural pursuits,
[04:29.28]如讀書(shū),看電影,野營(yíng),某種文化追求.
[04:32.30]are all related to social contexts and learning experiences.
[04:35.92]它們都與社會(huì)背景和學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷有關(guān).
[04:39.54]We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families
[04:46.30]schools,jobs,and the mass media.
[04:48.48]我們從家庭,學(xué)校,工作和大眾傳播媒介中獲得對(duì)各種事物的興趣.
[04:50.66]Basically,such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure
[04:54.44]基本上說(shuō),這種態(tài)度就是
[04:58.21]is an important area of life
[05:00.64]承認(rèn)休閑是生活的一個(gè)重要方面,
[05:03.07]and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.
[05:06.51]相信休閑能夠并且應(yīng)該得到充分利用.
[05:09.94]Professional workers in recreation services,too,will find that
[05:13.52] 從事娛樂(lè)業(yè)的專(zhuān)業(yè)工作者發(fā)現(xiàn),
[05:17.10]to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential
[05:21.07]使公眾具有積極的態(tài)度對(duì)待休閑,
[05:25.04]for motivating them to use their leisure in creative
[05:27.72]對(duì)促進(jìn)他們以創(chuàng)造性的滿意方式利用閑暇時(shí)間十分必要.
[05:30.40]and satisfying ways.
[05:35.05]Hence,it can be argued
[05:37.33]因此我們認(rèn)為
[05:39.62]that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts
[05:43.30]在各種環(huán)境下與我們接觸的人
[05:46.98]are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes
[05:50.56]都可能對(duì)形成我們的看法,興趣,
[05:54.14]interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure.
[05:57.26]甚至如何對(duì)待休閑的方法產(chǎn)生影響.
[06:00.39]Influence of this kind is a form of leadership.
[06:03.36]這種影響是一種引導(dǎo)方式.
[06:06.34]Parents,teachers in schools,work associates and communicators in or using
[06:10.52] 父母,學(xué)校里的教師,同事和
[06:14.70]the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests
[06:18.33]大眾傳播媒介的傳播工作者都能喚起起我們的潛在興趣.
[06:21.96]For example,the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games,
[06:26.80]例如:學(xué)校鼓勵(lì)參加游戲,運(yùn)動(dòng)和文化娛樂(lè)的程度和方式
[06:31.63]sports and cultural pursuits are likely
[06:37.69]to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.
[06:41.52]可能對(duì)形成學(xué)生對(duì)待休閑的態(tài)度起一定的作用.
[06:45.34]Schools usually set as their educational objective
[06:51.51]the attainment of a balanced development of the person.
[06:54.54] 學(xué)校通常把人的平衡發(fā)展列入教育目標(biāo).
[06:57.57]The more seriously this is sought,
[06:59.79]越認(rèn)真地追求這個(gè)目標(biāo),
[07:02.01]the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure
[07:07.36]as well as academic work will be encouraged.
[07:09.95]就越可能激發(fā)人們對(duì)休閑和學(xué)術(shù)研究的積極態(tài)度.
[07:12.54]Text B The Time Message
[07:15.06] 時(shí)間信息
[07:17.58]You may have been exposed to this idea before but this time try to hear.
[07:20.56]以前你可能聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn),這次你不妨再聽(tīng)一聽(tīng).
[07:23.53]There is a message that is trying to reach you,
[07:25.01]有一條信息要送給你,而且重要的是,
[07:26.48]and it is important that it get through loud and clear.
[07:28.67]這條信息響亮而清楚地傳送到你的耳朵.
[07:30.85]The message? Time management!
[07:32.98]信息? 時(shí)間安排!
[07:35.11]Time is elusive and tricky.
[07:36.88] 時(shí)間難以捉摸,稍縱即逝.
[07:38.66]It is the easiest thing in the world to waste the most difficult to control.
[07:41.74]它是世界上最容易浪費(fèi)的東西---最難支配.
[07:44.82]When you look ahead, it may appear you have more than you need.
[07:47.50]當(dāng)你展望未來(lái)時(shí),似乎你的時(shí)間比需要的還多.
[07:50.18]Yet it has a way of slipping through your fingers like quicksand.
[07:52.61]不過(guò),它會(huì)像流沙一樣從手中悄然流逝.
[07:55.04]You may suddenly find that there is no way to stretch the little time you have left to cover all your obligations.
[07:58.97]你可能突然發(fā)現(xiàn)你無(wú)法處長(zhǎng)所剩的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)時(shí)間去完成你所有的職責(zé).
[08:02.90]For example,as a beginning student looking ahead to a full term
[08:05.88]例如:像一個(gè)剛開(kāi)學(xué)的學(xué)生展望整個(gè)學(xué)期,
[08:08.86]you may feel that you have an oversupply of time on your hands.
[08:11.38]你可能會(huì)覺(jué)得你手頭有太多的時(shí)間,
[08:13.90]But toward the end of the term you may panic because time is running out
[08:16.68]但到了期末你可能因?yàn)闀r(shí)間已悄然而逝而恐慌.
[08:19.46]The answer?Control!
[08:21.39]答案是什么呢? 支配時(shí)間!
[08:23.33]Time is dangerous. If you don't control it,it will control you
[08:26.15] 時(shí)間是危險(xiǎn)的.如果你不支配它,它就會(huì)支配你.
[08:28.97]If you don't make it work for you,it will work against you.
[08:31.45]如果你不使它為你工作,它就會(huì)和你對(duì)著干.
[08:33.93]You must become the master of time,not the servant.
[08:36.31]你必須成為時(shí)間的主人,而不是仆人.
[08:38.69]Study hard and play hard is an old proverb,but it still makes sense.
[08:41.67]努力學(xué)習(xí),盡興玩樂(lè)是一句古老的諺語(yǔ),但今天它依然有意義.
[08:44.64]You have plenty of time for classes,study,work,and play
[08:50.70]if you use your time properly.
[08:52.43]如果你合理利用時(shí)間,你就會(huì)有充足的時(shí)間上課,學(xué)習(xí),工作和娛樂(lè).
[08:54.15]It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts
[08:56.52]你安排多少時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)并不重要,
[08:58.88]but how much you learn when you do study.
[09:00.92]重要的是你學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)學(xué)到多少東西.
[09:02.96]Too much wasted time is bad medicine.
[09:05.08] 時(shí)間嚴(yán)重浪費(fèi),就像得病吃了不能治病的藥一樣.
[09:07.21]The more time you waste,the easier it is to continue wasting time
[09:10.15]傾斜角浪費(fèi)的時(shí)間越多,就越容易繼續(xù)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間.
[09:13.09]Soon,doing nothing becomes a habit you can't break.It becomes a drug.
[09:16.62]很快,無(wú)所事事便成為你難以打破的習(xí)慣.它成為一種麻醉劑,
[09:20.14]When this happens,
[09:21.57]當(dāng)這些發(fā)生時(shí),
[09:22.99]you lose your feeling of accomplishment and you fall by the wayside.
[09:25.67]你會(huì)喪失進(jìn)取心,半途而廢.
[09:28.35]A full schedule is a good schedule.
[09:30.32]一個(gè)完善的時(shí)間表才是一份好的時(shí)間表.
[09:32.29]Some students refuse to hear the time message.
[09:34.65] 一些學(xué)生拒絕傾聽(tīng)時(shí)間信息.
[09:37.02]They refuse to accept the fact that college life demands some degreeof time control.
[09:40.15]他們拒絕接受大學(xué)生活需要在一定程度上支配時(shí)間這一事實(shí),
[09:43.29]There is no escape.So what's the next step?
[09:45.81]這是無(wú)法逃避的現(xiàn)實(shí).那么下一步是什么呢?
[09:48.33]If you seriously wish to get the time message,
[09:50.55]如果你的確希望得到時(shí)間信息,
[09:52.77]this passage will give it to you,
[09:54.51]這一章將會(huì)告訴你.
[09:56.24]Remember--it will not only improve your grades
[09:58.73]記住---它不但會(huì)提高你的分?jǐn)?shù),
[10:01.21]but also free you to enjoy college life more.
[10:03.44]而且使你更輕松地享受大學(xué)生活.
[10:05.68]Message 1. Time is valuable- control it from the beginning.
[10:08.71] 信息1. 時(shí)間珍貴,從一開(kāi)始就支配它.
[10:11.74]Time is today,not tomorrow or next week.
[10:14.22] 時(shí)間就是今天,并非明天或下星期.
[10:16.70]Start your plan at the beginning of the term
[10:18.83]在學(xué)期的開(kāi)始就開(kāi)始你的計(jì)劃,
[10:20.96]and readjust it with each new project.
[10:22.98]隨著每一新項(xiàng)目的出現(xiàn)而重新調(diào)整.
[10:25.01]Thus you can spread your work time around a little.
[10:27.42]因而能伸展你的少量工作時(shí)間.
[10:29.84]Message 2. Get the notebook habit.
[10:32.32] 信息 2.養(yǎng)成記筆記的習(xí)慣.
[10:34.80]Go and buy a pocket-size notebook.
[10:36.83]去買(mǎi)一本袖珍筆記本.
[10:38.85]There are many varieties of these special notebooks.
[10:41.08]這類(lèi)特別的筆記本有好多種.
[10:43.32]Select the one you like best.
[10:45.15]選擇一種你最喜歡的,
[10:46.97]Use it to schedule your study time each day.
[10:49.10]用它來(lái)列出你每天的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間表.
[10:51.23]You can also use it to note important dates,
[10:53.41]你還可以用它記錄重要的日期,
[10:55.59]appointments,addresses and telephone numbers.
[10:58.02]約會(huì),地址和電話號(hào)碼.
[11:00.45]Keep it with you at all times.
[11:02.23]時(shí)刻都把它帶在身邊.
[11:04.01]Message 3. Prepare a weekly study schedule.
[11:06.83] 信息 3.準(zhǔn)備一份周學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間表.
[11:09.65]The main purpose of the notebook is to help you prepare a weekly study schedule.
[11:12.84]筆記本的主要目的是幫你準(zhǔn)備一份周學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間表.
[11:16.02]Once prepared,follow the same pattern every week with minor adjustments.
[11:19.25]一旦準(zhǔn)備好了,每周都要按照相同的模式進(jìn)行,只做微小的調(diào)整.
[11:22.48]Sunday is an excellent day to make up your schedule for the following week.
[11:25.31]星期日是為下一周制定時(shí)間表的極好的時(shí)間.
[11:28.14]Write in your class schedule first.
[11:30.02]先寫(xiě)進(jìn)去你的上課計(jì)劃,
[11:31.91]Add your work hours, if any.
[11:33.79]把工作時(shí)間也寫(xiě),如果有的話.
[11:35.67]Then write in the hours each day you feel you must allocate for study
[11:38.61]然后寫(xiě)上你認(rèn)為每天必須分配給學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間.
[11:41.54]Keep it simple.
[11:42.92]要簡(jiǎn)單些.
[11:44.29]Message 4. Be realistic.
[11:46.57]信息4. 要現(xiàn)實(shí)些.
[11:48.86]When you plan time for these things,be realistic.Don't underestimate.
[11:51.84]你為這些事情計(jì)劃時(shí)間時(shí),要現(xiàn)實(shí)一些,不要少估時(shí)間.
[11:54.81]Overestimate,if possible,
[11:56.73]如果可能的話,把時(shí)間估計(jì)得長(zhǎng)一些,
[11:58.65]so that emergencies that arise don't hang you up.
[12:01.08]以便再現(xiàn)緊急情況時(shí),不致耽擱你的工作.
[12:03.51]Otherwise your entire routine may get thrown off balance
[12:06.30]否則的話,你全部日常工作可能會(huì)失去平衡,
[12:09.08]while you devote night and day to crash efforts.
[12:11.36]當(dāng)你日日夜夜致力于應(yīng)急工作時(shí).
[12:13.65]Message 5. Make study time fit the course.
[12:16.38]信息 5.使學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間與課程相協(xié)調(diào).
[12:19.11]How much study time you schedule for each classroom hour depends on four factors:
[12:22.28] 你為每一次上課時(shí)間安排多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間依賴于四個(gè)因素:
[12:25.46](l)your ability,(2)the difficulty of the class
[12:29.58](1)你的能力; (2)課程的難度;
[12:33.71](3)the grades you hope to achieve,and (4) how well you use your study time.
[12:38.54](3)你希望達(dá)到的等級(jí); (4)你利用學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間的好壞.
[12:43.38]One thing,however,is certain:
[12:45.26]不過(guò)有一件是確定的:
[12:47.14]you should schedule a minimum of one hour of study for each classroom hour.
[12:50.17]第一次上課時(shí)間你至少安排一小時(shí),
[12:53.20]In many cases, more will be required.
[12:55.48]許多情況下可能需要更多一些.
[12:57.77]Message 6. Keep your schedule flexible.
[13:00.29]信息6. 使你的日程表有彈性.
[13:02.81]A good schedule must have a little give
[13:05.15]一份好的日程表必須有一點(diǎn)彈性,
[13:07.49]so that special projects can be taken care of properly.
[13:09.85]使特別的項(xiàng)目能得到適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚?
[13:12.22]Think out and prepare your schedule each week
[13:14.24]深思熟慮,準(zhǔn)備你每周的時(shí)間表,
[13:16.26]and do not become a slave to an inflexible pattern.
[13:18.79]不要成為不可改變模式的奴隸.
[13:21.31]Adjust it as you deem necessary.
[13:23.23]你認(rèn)為必要時(shí)就加以調(diào)整.
[13:25.15]Message 7. Study first--fun later.
[13:27.97] 信息7. 先學(xué)習(xí),后娛樂(lè).
[13:30.79]You will enjoy your fun time more
[13:34.45]after you have completed your study responsibilities.
[13:36.93]完成你的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)后,你就會(huì)更大好地享受娛樂(lè)時(shí)間.
[13:39.41]So,where possible,schedule your study hours in advance of fun activities.
[13:43.18]因此,在可能的時(shí)候,把你的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間安排在娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)之前.
[13:46.96]Message 8. Study some each class day.
[13:49.48]信息8.每個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)日都要學(xué)一點(diǎn).
[13:52.00]Some concentrated study each day
[13:54.08]每天做一些集中精力的學(xué)習(xí)
[13:56.15]is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next.
[13:58.94]比一天學(xué)好幾個(gè)小時(shí),第二天卻不學(xué)要好.
[14:01.72]As you work out your individual schedule,
[14:03.76]制定你的時(shí)間表時(shí),
[14:05.79]attempt to include a minimum of two study hours each day.
[14:08.31]試著每天安排至少兩個(gè)小時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間.
[14:10.83]This will not only keep the study habit alive
[14:13.07]這樣將不但保持學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,
[14:15.30]but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects.
[14:17.93]而且可以使你了解你的課程任務(wù)和項(xiàng)目的當(dāng)前情況.
[14:20.55]Few beginning freshmen can control their time effectively without a written schedule,
[14:23.58]沒(méi)有幾個(gè)初學(xué)的新生不寫(xiě)下日程表就能有效地支配他們的時(shí)間的.
[14:26.61]so why kid yourself into thinking you don't need one?
[14:28.83]那么,為什么要哄騙自己,認(rèn)為你不需要一份日程表呢?
[14:31.05]You do.Later on,when you have had more experience
[14:34.03]你仍是需要的.當(dāng)你有了更多的經(jīng)驗(yàn),
[14:37.01]and you have the time-control habit,you may be able to operate without it.
[14:39.93]有了支配時(shí)間的習(xí)慣,你才可能不用時(shí)間表而進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí).
[14:42.86]Of course the schedule is only the first step.
[14:45.15]當(dāng)然,日程表只是第一步.
[14:47.43]Once you have it prepared,you must stick with it and follow it faithfully.
[14:50.76]一旦你準(zhǔn)備好了日程表,你必須踏實(shí)地堅(jiān)持,遵從.
[14:54.09]You must push away the many temptations
[14:56.17]你必須抵御經(jīng)常存在的許多誘惑,
[14:58.25]that are always presentor your schedule is useless.
[15:00.91]否則你的日程表就沒(méi)用了.
[15:03.58]Your schedule will give you control only if you make it work.
[15:06.54]只有讓你的時(shí)間表起作用,它才能支配你的時(shí)間.