國際貿(mào)易之 貨運(yùn)、海關(guān)和其他事宜Shipping, Customs, and Other Issues

國際貿(mào)易之 貨運(yùn)、海關(guān)和其他事宜Shipping, Customs, and Other Issues

對于貨物的進(jìn)出口，有必要特別關(guān)注一些細(xì)節(jié)問題（to pay close attention to detail）。從廠家發(fā)貨到買家收貨、從運(yùn)輸?shù)浇回洠╯hipping and delivery），不同的階段都有一些事情需要額外留意（to watch for）。

運(yùn)輸管理

運(yùn)輸管理非常關(guān)鍵（crucial）。一旦買方支付貨物費(fèi)用或者同意通過信用證[a letter of credit（L/C）]來支付，他們就有權(quán)利知道貨物在任何指定時(shí)間內(nèi)（at any given time）的狀態(tài)。因此，買方總是不斷地聯(lián)系（keep in constant contact）制造商、貿(mào)易公司、船運(yùn)公司或采購代理公司，以確認(rèn)貨物的交付情況。賣方也不時(shí)通過監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)了解運(yùn)輸進(jìn)度。

⊙Where are the goods now?貨物現(xiàn)在在哪兒？

⊙The freight forwarder can help.貨運(yùn)代理可以幫忙。

⊙We already have a letter of credit from the buyer.So it's safe to say we're good to go on this deal.

我們已經(jīng)收到了買方的信用證。要說我們可以放心交易了是沒錯(cuò)的。

⊙Contact our sourcing agent to make sure the product is on its way.聯(lián)系我們的采購代理以確保貨物已經(jīng)在路上了。

⊙Where exactly are we in the transportation process?我們到底在運(yùn)輸?shù)哪膫€(gè)環(huán)節(jié)？

⊙When can we expect to receive our shipment?我們預(yù)計(jì)什么時(shí)候能收到貨物？

⊙We've actually purchased the shipment, so we'd better keep track of where it is.

我們實(shí)際上已經(jīng)支付過了，所以我們最好跟蹤貨物所在位置。

⊙Contact the manufacturer and see what's holding our order up.聯(lián)系制造商看貨物到底擱在哪兒了。

⊙I need to call the shipping company to track down what happened to the order.

我需要打電話給船運(yùn)公司看我們的貨物出了什么情況。

海關(guān)（Customs）

每個(gè)國家的通關(guān)情況各有異同。通常情況下，清關(guān)工作必須由有資質(zhì)認(rèn)證的或海關(guān)注冊的報(bào)關(guān)代理人（licensed or registered customs agent）來負(fù)責(zé)。過程并不復(fù)雜，但有一定的費(fèi)用（cost some cash）。清關(guān)費(fèi)通常至少150美元。根據(jù)現(xiàn)行的貨物種類收取固定的關(guān)稅，該費(fèi)用應(yīng)當(dāng)由報(bào)關(guān)代理人在清關(guān)過程中墊付。

⊙The shipment is about to clear customs this week.貨物這個(gè)星期就應(yīng)該清關(guān)了。

⊙What kind of tariffs will we have to deal with?我們要支付哪種關(guān)稅？

⊙The customs broker fee is out of this world.這個(gè)報(bào)關(guān)費(fèi)低得不得了。

⊙Next time we should look into purchasing a long-term customs clearance agent.

下一次我們應(yīng)該考慮雇一個(gè)長期的清關(guān)代理公司。

⊙How much is customs duty for our order?

我們貨物的關(guān)稅是多少？

認(rèn)真遵守進(jìn)口規(guī)則

必須保證你在報(bào)關(guān)單上填寫的貨物內(nèi)容和實(shí)際貨物相符。有人為了逃避關(guān)稅會(huì)填寫一些關(guān)稅較低的項(xiàng)目，或者有意不把貨物種類填寫全。但是，各國海關(guān)對于這種情況的懲罰相當(dāng)嚴(yán)厲（stiff penalties）。各國政府都非常重視對海關(guān)欺詐行為的監(jiān)控和懲處（monitoring and prosecuting customs fraud）。因此，很有必要了解你貨物出口目的國的海關(guān)規(guī)定。

⊙Does your shipment include any samples or gifts?你的貨物中包含樣品和禮物嗎？

⊙Importing non-commercial items can be hit with hefty fines.進(jìn)口非貿(mào)易物品將被處以高額罰款。

關(guān)系

如果平時(shí)就能夠和供貨商、貨運(yùn)代理商、清關(guān)公司、海關(guān)人員建立良好的關(guān)系，那不僅能讓你平時(shí)的出口業(yè)務(wù)保持通暢（flow smoothly），而且在出現(xiàn)問題時(shí)，各方會(huì)多一些熱心和責(zé)任心。

A：Is there a way we can arrange a factory tour before the shipment leaves China?

B：Of course, we'd love you to come for a factory tour. Please let us know what kind of arrangements we can make for you.

A：在貨物離開中國之前，能否為我們組織一個(gè)工廠參觀考察？

B：當(dāng)然，我們很愿意你們來工廠考察。請告訴我們都要為你們安排哪些內(nèi)容。

總結(jié)

對買方來說，并不是賣方收款發(fā)貨就意味著可以高枕無憂。從貨物裝船到進(jìn)入自己倉庫仍有需要關(guān)注的一段時(shí)間。買家應(yīng)及時(shí)向廠家詢問貨物所處狀態(tài)，避免讓賣家掉以輕心；了解進(jìn)口程序和法規(guī)，避免不必要的損失；保持和各方的友好關(guān)系，保證在出現(xiàn)問題時(shí)能溝通順暢。

Words　單詞表

agency代理，經(jīng)銷商

already已經(jīng)

disaster災(zāi)害，災(zāi)禍

duty責(zé)任，義務(wù)

helpful有用的，有幫助的

manufacturer制造商

order訂單，訂購

purchase采購，購買

receive收到，接受

shipment裝船，貨運(yùn)，裝運(yùn)

status狀態(tài)

still仍然

tariff關(guān)稅，費(fèi)率表

yet仍，還

Phrases　短語表

basically基本上，根本上

clear customs清關(guān)

due to由于

find out查明，發(fā)現(xiàn)

have a word（with sb）（和某人）說句話

keep track of跟蹤

hold up堅(jiān)持，阻礙，耽誤

make sure確保，肯定

on its way途中

pick up提取，拾起

sourcing agent采購代理

step up（and do sth）走上前（并做某事）

be supposed to被期望，本應(yīng)該

take responsibility承擔(dān)責(zé)任

track sth down搜尋到，跟蹤到

tracking system跟蹤系統(tǒng)

實(shí)景對話1

A：Why haven't we received our order yet?We've as good as purchased the shipment, so we'd better keep track of where it is. Contact our sourcing agent to make sure the product is on its way.

B：I already did that……They said they weren't sure, but told me I needed to call the shipping company to track down what happened to the order.

A：Isn't that their job?What are we paying them for, anyway?

B：Well, that's what I told them. But they weren't so helpful.So then I just called the shipping company myself.

A：And?What did you find out?

B：The shipping company said that the products haven't been picked up from the factories yet.

A：Are you kidding?We were supposed to receive the shipment three weeks ago！And you're telling me it hasn't left the factory yet?！Contact the manufacturer and see what's holding our order up.

B：Well, I did that, too. And……

A：And?

B：They said that they already shipped our order three weeks ago.

A：What?！

B：So basically, that means the order is lost.

A：Lost?！Well, somebody better step up and take responsibility here. Get the shipping agent on the phone for me right now. I want to have a word with them about what they're going to do to take care of this disaster.

A：為什么我們還沒有收到貨？我們已經(jīng)付過錢了，所以最好落實(shí)一下它在哪里。聯(lián)系我們的采購代理確保我們的貨已經(jīng)在路上了。

B：我聯(lián)系過了……他們說他們不肯定，要我打電話給船運(yùn)公司查詢訂單。

A：那不是他們的工作嗎？我們付錢給他們是要他們干嗎的？

B：我也這么說他們。但他們幫不了什么忙。所以我自己打電話給船運(yùn)公司。

A：然后呢？你找到了什么？

B：船運(yùn)公司說我們的貨物還沒從工廠提取出來。

A：你在開玩笑吧？我們在3周前就應(yīng)當(dāng)收到貨物了?，F(xiàn)在你又告訴我說它還沒離開工廠？！請聯(lián)系制造商看貨物到底擱在哪兒了。

B：我也聯(lián)系了。但是……

A：但是什么？

B：他們說3周前他們就已經(jīng)發(fā)貨了。

A：什么？！

B：因此，基本上我們的貨物丟了。

A：丟了？！那這兒最好有人主動(dòng)出來承擔(dān)責(zé)任?，F(xiàn)在給我把電話接到船運(yùn)代理。我要和他們談?wù)効此麄內(nèi)绾翁幚磉@個(gè)麻煩。

實(shí)景對話2

A：Hello, Ningbo Manufacturing, this is Lin Na, how can I help you?

B：Hi Lin Na, this is George calling from Juno Toys. I wanted to find out what's happening to our shipment. Can you help me?

A：Sure, let me look up your information on our computer tracking system.

Yes, here it is. You have an order of 6000 matchbox cars?

B：Yes, that's the order we want to know about. Where are the goods now?

Where exactly are we in the transportation process?

A：Let's see……The shipment is about to clear customs this week.

B：So it's already left the factory and made its way over here?That was fast！

What kind of tariffs will we have to deal with?How much is customs duty for our order?

A：I'm sorry, sir, I can't answer those questions for you, I can only tell you the status of where your order is. Perhaps you can try contacting your customs broker for more details about the duty you have.

B：Well, can you tell me when can we expect to receive our shipment?

A：Usually, unless there are some problems in clearing customs, it should only take a few days. You should receive your shipment by the end of the week.

B：Okay. Thanks for the information.I appreciate your help.

A：你好，這里是寧波制造，我是林娜。有什么可以為你效勞的？

B：你好，林娜，我是Juno玩具的George。我想知道我們的貨怎樣了。你能幫我嗎？

A：當(dāng)然。讓我查一下我們的電腦跟蹤系統(tǒng)。這里，找到了。你是訂購了6000件火柴盒汽車嗎？

B：是的，那正是我們想了解的訂單。貨這會(huì)兒在哪兒？在運(yùn)輸?shù)哪膫€(gè)環(huán)節(jié)？

A：讓我看看……貨物應(yīng)該是本周內(nèi)清關(guān)。

B：這么說貨物已經(jīng)離開了工廠而且在來這里的路上？那么快！我們要付哪種關(guān)稅？我們要付多少關(guān)稅？

A：對不起，先生，我不能回答那些問題。我只能告訴你訂單所在的狀況。也許你可以聯(lián)系你的清關(guān)代理人來了解更多的關(guān)于關(guān)稅的細(xì)節(jié)。

B：那你能告訴我預(yù)計(jì)什么時(shí)候會(huì)收到貨物嗎？

A：通常，如果清關(guān)沒有什么問題，應(yīng)該幾天時(shí)間吧。你應(yīng)該在本周末收到貨。

B：好的。謝謝你的信息。我很感謝你的幫助。