新概念英語第二冊詳解第45課:clear conscience
問心無愧
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
How did Sam get his money back?
The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: 'A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!' Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: 'Only 25 per cent a thief now!' In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. The last note said: 'I am 100 per cent honest now!'
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
clear adj. 無罪的，不虧心的
conscience n. 良心，道德心
wallet n. 皮夾，錢夾
savings n. 存款
villager n. 村民
percent 百分之......
參考譯文
整個村子很快知道，有一大筆錢丟失了。當?shù)氐耐缿羲_姆.本頓在把存款送往郵局的途中把錢包丟了。薩姆確信那錢包一定是被某個村民撿到了，可是卻不見有人來送還給他。3個月過去了，后來在一天早晨，薩姆在自己的大門外發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的錢包。錢包是用報紙包著的，里面有他丟失的錢的一半，而且還附著一張紙條，上面寫著：“一個小偷，是的，但只是一個50%的小偷!”又過了兩個月，又有一些錢送還給了薩姆，又附了一張字條：“這回只是25%的小偷了!”很快，薩姆全部的錢都用同樣的方式還了回來。最后的那張字條上寫道：“我現(xiàn)在是一個100%的誠實人了!”
自學導讀
1.A clear conscience, (標題)問心無愧。
clear在這里的含義為“清白的”、“無罪的”，因此這個短語又可譯為“清白的良心”，相當于 a good conscience，反義詞為 a bad conscience(感到內疚)。
2.The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. 整個村子很快知道，有一大筆錢丟失了。
(1)village在這里為總稱，指“村民”，the whole village指“全村的人”，后面通常跟單數(shù)動詞(有時也可視為復數(shù))：
The whole village was excited by the news.
這消息使全村的人興奮。
(2)learn在句中的含義為“獲悉”、“得知”：
I've just learnt that she was ill.
我剛剛得知她病了。
3.Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. 當?shù)氐耐缿羲_姆·本頓在把存款送往郵局的途中把錢包丟了。
taking為現(xiàn)在分詞。與動名詞相似，它也可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。在連詞while之后，現(xiàn)在分詞短語的作用相當于一個時間狀語從句：…while he was taking his savings to the post office?，F(xiàn)在分詞這樣用的前提是兩個動詞的主語是同一個，并且這兩個動作通常是同時發(fā)生的：
He listened to music while cleaning the room.
他一邊打掃房間一邊聽音樂。
如果是主語不一致則必須用從句：
He listened to music while I was cleaning the room.
我打掃房間時，他在聽音樂。
4.Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers…薩姆確信那錢包一定是被某個村民撿到了……
must用于對過去已發(fā)生的事進行推測時，后面的動詞要用完成式：
When I arrived, he wasn't here. He must have left early.
我到這兒的時候他已不在了。他一定早走了。
5.it contained half the money he had lost, 里面有他丟失的錢的一半。
我們既可以說 half the money，也可以說 half of the money，它們可以互相替代，但是money前都必須有the，因為是指特定的錢。再如：
Half the bread/ half of the bread was bad.
這面包有一半已變質了。
6.In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. 很快，薩姆全部的錢都用同樣的方式還了回來。
(1)in time可以表示“經(jīng)過一段時間”或“最終”、“遲早”：
In time, he found all the books he needed.
一段時間以后，他找到了他需要的所有書。
I'll tell you everything in time.
我最終/總有一天會把一切都告訴你的。
(2)in this way表示“用這樣的方式”：
You must pay attention to your spelling. In this way, you can become a good secretary in time.
你必須注意你的拼寫。這樣你才能最終成為一個好秘書。
語法 Grammar in use
被動語態(tài)(4)
在第10課、第21課與第34課的語法中，我們學習了用于一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時中的被動語態(tài)、情態(tài)助動詞與被動語態(tài)的連用以及動詞+賓語+不定式結構中被動語態(tài)的使用等：
That table was made in 1970(by my grandfather).
那張桌子是1970年(由我的祖父)做的。
The rooms must be cleaned today.
這些房間今天必須要打掃干凈。
John has been told not to go for a walk when the weather's like this.
約翰已被告知不要在這種天氣出去散步。
I never expected the thief to be arrested.
我從沒有指望小偷會被逮著。
表示過去發(fā)生的動作時，被動語態(tài)還可以用于過去完成時;用于完成時的被動語態(tài)也可以與情態(tài)助動詞連用：
詞匯學習 Word study
1.steal與rob
steal指“偷盜”、“竊取”，其行為通常是偷偷地、悄悄地、不為別人所發(fā)覺;rob則指“搶奪”、“搶劫”，其行為通常是明目張膽的：
The man who stole my wallet took my address book as well.
偷走我錢包的那個人把我的通訊錄也拿走了。
I lost my address book when that man robbed me of my bag.
當那人搶走我的包時，我的通訊錄也沒了。
Someone has stolen my bag from me.
有人把我的包偷走了。
They took the risk of being arrested and robbed the bank.
他們冒著被逮捕的危險搶劫了那家銀行。
注意 steal和 rob與介詞的不同搭配：steal(sth.) from(sb./ some place)， rob(sb.) of(sth.)。
2.pay back
(1)償還：
All Sam's money was paid back in this way.
薩姆全部的錢都用這樣的方式還了回來。
Yesterday Sam borrowed some money from me and said that he would pay me back in a week.
昨天薩姆從我這里借了些錢，并說一周后還我。
(2)報答;向……報復：
You've been very kind to me. How can I pay you back?
你對我太好了。我如何報答你呢?
He embarrassed me at the party. I'll pay him back someday.
在晚會上他讓我難堪了。總有一天我會報復他的。
練習答案 Key to written exercises
1.關鍵句型練習答案
A had been lost(11.1-2); must have been found(11.3-4); was not returned(1.4); had been wrapped(1.6); was sent (1.9); was paid back(1.10)
C 1 A meal has been prepared for you.
2 The book will be translated into English.
3 A telegram must be sent to him.
4 The fire had been put out before the fire brigade arrived.
5 The cat was given some milk to drink.
2.難點練習答案
1 back 2 robbed… stole 3 back 4 stole 5 robbed
3.多項選擇題答案
1 b 2 d 3 a 4 b 5 b 6 d
7 c 8 b 9 c 10 b 11 d 12 b
learn得知
the whole world learn...全世界都知道
while doing是一個省略形式
這種情況應具備兩個條件
1、這個動作的主語跟主句的主語一樣
2、這句話一定要是進行時態(tài)
這句話完整的應為
while he was taking...
must have been done
must have done 表示對過去的推測
must have been done 是表示對過去被動的推測
三種表示一段時間以后，另外一件事情發(fā)生的方式
1、...passed and then
2、some time later
3、some passed before
wrap up 包裹
it had been wrapped up in newspaper by somebody
half the money錢的一半
half an hour半個小時
half a year半年
together with=with介詞短語作狀語，表示隨他一起的還有
i with my son went there我?guī)е业膬鹤尤チ四?/p>
my som and i went there。
the picture said...圖片上說
Newspaper said...報紙上說
Note said...紙條上說
some more money又有一些錢
in time=in the end 最終
pay back還回來
...per cent作副詞
structure
no。3
while doing兩者同時發(fā)生
while sb was doing當......的時候
能用while;as的地方就可以用when，反之則不一定
A
when 后的時間表達式既可以是點，也可以是段
while后的時間表達只可以是段
as 等同于while
no.7
send = take/give
send/take/give sb sth
雙賓語一般用離動詞最近的賓語來做被動態(tài)的主語
sb be sent sth
send sth to sb
sth be sent to sb
no.6
對名詞的提問用what
no.10
contain/container
include指一種抽象的包含
no.12
a time一段時間
for a long time
after a time=after some time
