新概念英語第二冊詳解第69課:But not murder!
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Do you think that the writer passed his driving test? Why?
I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said. 'Just one more thing, Mr.Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.' I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly, Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr.Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!'
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
murder n. 謀殺
instruct v. 命令，指示
acquire v. 取得，獲得
confidence n. 信心
examiner n. 主考人
suppose v. 假設(shè)
tap v. 輕敲
react v. 反應(yīng)
brake n. 剎車
pedal n. 踏板
mournful adj. 悲哀的
參考譯文
我第3次接受駕駛執(zhí)照考試。按照要求在車輛擁擠的路上駕駛，我圓滿地完成了。在接到把車開出城的指令后，我開始有了信心。確信我已通過考試，所以我?guī)缀蹰_始喜歡起這次考試。主考人對我的駕駛想必是滿意的，因為他微笑著說：“埃姆斯先生，只剩1項了。讓我們假設(shè)一個小孩子突然在你前面穿過馬路。我一敲車窗，你必須把車停在5英尺之內(nèi)。”我繼續(xù)往前開著。過了一會兒，主考人砰砰地敲了起來。雖然聲音聽得很清楚，但我過了好一會兒才作出反應(yīng)。我突然用力踩緊剎車踏板，結(jié)果我倆的身體都向前沖去。主考人傷心地看著我。“埃姆斯先生，”他以悲傷的聲調(diào)說，“你剛剛把那個小孩壓死了!”
自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀
1.to drive in heavy traffic, 在車輛擁擠的路上駕駛。
heavy在這里表示“大量的”、“多的”、“密集的”：
Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one.
這條路上的交通比另一條路上擁擠。
2.…I began to acquire confidence.……我開始有了信心。
acquire通常表示通過努力“獲得”、“學(xué)到(知識、技術(shù)、語言等)”，也可用來表示“養(yǎng)成(習(xí)慣等)”：
Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years' time.
5年之內(nèi)瑪麗學(xué)會了漢語。
Tom acquired a habit of smoking.
湯姆養(yǎng)成了抽煙的習(xí)慣。
3.Sure that I had passed…確信我已通過考試……
句首省略了分詞being或feeling，在句中作狀語(與分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的情況類似)：
Interested in the story, he finished reading the book in two hours.
由于對故事(情節(jié))感興趣，他兩個小時就把那本書讀完了。
4.The examiner must have been pleased with my performance…主考人對我的駕駛想必是滿意的……
must have been表示對過去的事情進行猜測。 performance在這里表示“表現(xiàn)”、“表演”、“工作情況”等。(cf.第13課詞匯學(xué)習(xí))表示“對……滿意”時可以用be pleased with：
They are pleased with his work.
他們對他的工作滿意。
The manager isn't very pleased with his secretary.
經(jīng)理對他的秘書不太滿意。
5.Let us suppose that…讓我們假設(shè)……
suppose表示“假設(shè)”、“設(shè)定”時經(jīng)常用于“let us suppose that”這個結(jié)構(gòu)：
Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.
讓我們假設(shè)發(fā)生了森林火災(zāi)。
6.in a mournful voice, 以悲傷的聲調(diào)。
in a… voice 表示“以……的聲調(diào)”：
He told them the news in a sad/ excited voice.
他用悲傷的/激動的聲調(diào)把這消息告訴了他們。
語法 Grammar in use
被動語態(tài)(6)
(1)在第10課、第21課、第34課、第45課與第58課的語法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了被動語態(tài)的基本形式、它與情態(tài)助動詞的連用、它在動詞+賓語+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用以及它在過去完成時中的使用：
Recently it was damaged by a visitor.
最近它被一個客人弄壞了。(一般過去時)
Passing planes can be heard night and day.
過往飛機日夜不絕于耳。(與情態(tài)助動詞連用)
Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.
有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已經(jīng)棄家遠去。(must與被動語態(tài)的完成式連用)
The bicycle was being sent to his home by train.
人們正用火車給他把自行車送回家。(被動語態(tài)用于過去進行時)
He never expected the thief to be arrested.
他從未指望那小偷能被逮著。(被動語態(tài)用于復(fù)合賓語中的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中)
The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.
整個村子很快知道，有一大筆錢丟失了。(用于過去完成時)
(2)被動語態(tài)還可以用于介詞+動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中。介詞(after, before, on)+動名詞這個結(jié)構(gòu)通常相當于一個時間狀語從句。如果兩個動作中有一個在另一個開始之前已經(jīng)完成，則可以用 after+動名詞的完成式表示第1個動作;如果只表示先后順序，則可用after(或 before)+動名詞結(jié)構(gòu); on+動名詞通常表示兩個動作幾乎同時發(fā)生：
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.
在接到把車開出城的指令后，我開始有了信心。
The man called the police after being robbed.
那人遭搶劫后給警方打了電話。
He killed a child before being arrested.
他在被捕前殺死了一個孩子。
On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.
她得知母親病重后連忙回到英國。
被動語態(tài)用于介詞+動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口語中。
(3)被動語態(tài)用于 want后面的不定式中時，to be可以省略：
I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.
我希望有人今天下午去把行李從旅館取回來。
want后跟被動語態(tài)時往往表示希望別人完成所說的動作。
(4)被動語態(tài)還可用于過去進行時，以強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.practice與advice
這兩個詞均為名詞，尤其是在英國英語中，它們的結(jié)尾都是-ice,它們的動詞形式分別為 practise與 advise,其結(jié)尾都是-ise (在美國英語中 practice 既是名詞又是動詞)。
(1)practice表不“(反復(fù)的)練習(xí)”、“實踐”、“實行”等：
Your spoken English will improve with practice.
如果你練習(xí)，你的英語口語水平就會提高的。
Have they put their plan into practice?
他們把計劃付諸實施了嗎?
practise (vt.,vi.) 可以表示“練習(xí)”、“經(jīng)常做”等：
Jimmy used to practise (playing) football every afternoon.
吉米以前每天下午都練習(xí)踢足球。
She practises on the piano for three hours every day.
她每天花3小時練鋼琴。
(2)advice 表示“忠告”、“勸告”、“建議”，是不可數(shù)名詞：
She gave me some good advice/ a piece of advice about jobs.
關(guān)于工作問題她給了我一些好建議/一條建議。
I took your advice and went to see a doctor.
我聽從你的意見去看了病。
advise (vt.,vi.) 表不“勸告”、“向……提供建議”等：
She advised me to see a doctor.
她建議我去看病。
She advised me against going to the party.
她建議/勸我不要去參加聚會。
2.enjoy, entertain與amuse
(1)enjoy表示“欣賞”、“喜愛”、“享受……之樂”，后面跟名詞、動名詞或反身代詞，用于主動語態(tài)：
I enjoy swimming in summer.
夏天我喜歡游泳。
I enjoyed my trip to the coast.
我這次去海濱旅行非常愉快。
We're really enjoying ourselves.
我們真的玩得很開心。
(2)entertain的含義之一是“款待”、“招待”、“請客”：
We often entertain friends at weekends.
周末我們經(jīng)常招待朋友。
Did he entertain you to dinner yesterday?
昨天他請你吃飯了嗎?
(3)entertain在表示“使……快樂”、“給……娛樂”時與amuse同義：
Uncle Sam entertains/amuses the children for hours at a time.
薩姆叔叔一連好幾小時地逗孩子們樂。
My children can entertain/ amuse themselves for hours with telling stories to each other.
我的孩子們能一連幾小時地互相講故事玩。
(4)amuse表示“逗樂”、“逗笑”時，經(jīng)常用于被動語態(tài)：
His story amused the children very much.
他的故事逗得孩子們很開心。
She was amused by her father's funny stories.
她父親那些逗人的故事使她很開心。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
A was being tested(1.1);had been asked(11.1-2);After having been instructed (11.2-3); must have been pleased(1.5);could be heard(1.9); were both thrown forward(1.10)
2.難點練習(xí)答案
1 enjoy…practising 2 amused 3 advised…licence
4 entertain 5 entertained 6 amused
3.多項選擇題答案
1a 2b 3c 4b 5b 6c
7 d 8 a 9 a 10 b 11c 12 d
