研究生入學(xué)考試聽(tīng)力試題中第一部分為填充表格,其中很大一部分是根據(jù)所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容填寫(xiě)諸如數(shù)字、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)等具體信息。而數(shù)字、時(shí)間等信息正是中國(guó)考生最不容易聽(tīng)清楚的。下面我們將數(shù)字、時(shí)間等英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言信息的日常表達(dá)方法介紹給大家:
1.英語(yǔ)中純數(shù)字的表達(dá)方法
小數(shù)和分?jǐn)?shù):
0.17zero point one seven / point seventeen / zero point seventeen
1/2one half
1/3one /a third
3/4three fourths
7'2/5seven and two fifths
大于100的數(shù)字:
101one hundred (and ) one
200two hundred
998nine hundred ( and ) ninety'eight
在英語(yǔ)中上面括弧中的and一般不能省略;而在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中卻往往省去。請(qǐng)分析下面的對(duì)話:
A:How many people are presnt in the party last night?
B: That‘s nine hundred and ninety-eight, exactly.
A: Woo, you must be joking. How can you get such an accurate number?
B: Ha, ha…… surely I am joking. You silly goose.
大于1000的數(shù)字:
1001a/one thousand (and) one
2232two thousand two hundred (and) thirty'two
900,732,266,043
nine hundred billion seven hundred thirty'two million two hundred sixty'six thousand and forty three
英語(yǔ)中一千以上數(shù)字的表達(dá)方法是以三位數(shù)為單元,從高到低billion,million,thousand而依次讀出的。因此我們?cè)诼?tīng)時(shí),可以三位數(shù)三位數(shù)地記錄。試比較下面的對(duì)話:
A:Can you tell me exactly the numbers of the whole people in our country?
B:One billion four hundred thirty'two million two hundred sixty'six thousand and forty three.
A:Thank you very much.
2.英語(yǔ)中時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法
英語(yǔ)中時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法主要有直接法和借用介詞法等。
(1)直接法。
上午八點(diǎn)eight AM (a.m.)[ei em]
下午九點(diǎn)nine PM (p.m.)[pi:em]
六點(diǎn)六分six six
六點(diǎn)三十二six thirty two
八點(diǎn)正eight o'clock
(2)借用介詞法。
八點(diǎn)四十五a quarter to nine
七點(diǎn)零五分five past seven
七點(diǎn)五十四six to eight
六點(diǎn)半half past six
(3)表示正點(diǎn)的用法。
十一點(diǎn)正at 11 o'clock sharp
at 11 o'clock on the hour
at 11 o'clock on the strike
正午12點(diǎn)at noon
午夜12點(diǎn)at midnight
(注:12點(diǎn)22分可讀作:twelve twenty-two: twenty-two past twelve(英式說(shuō)法);twenty-two after twelve(美式說(shuō)法)
1點(diǎn)15可讀作:one fifteen; a quarter past one(英式說(shuō)法):a quarter after one(美英說(shuō)法)
8點(diǎn)50分可讀作:eight fifty; ten to nine(英式說(shuō)法);ten before nine(美式說(shuō)法)
1點(diǎn)40分可讀作:one forty; twenty to two(英式說(shuō)法);twenty before two(美式說(shuō)法)
“提前半小時(shí)”可用:half an hour early; thirty minutes early; early by half an hour; half an hour ahead of time; half an hour ahead of schedule等來(lái)表示。)
時(shí)間表示法和時(shí)段的簡(jiǎn)單運(yùn)算是聽(tīng)力考試的熱點(diǎn),請(qǐng)看下面的對(duì)話:
W: How long does the class usually last?
M: Umm, let me think. It starts from a quarter to nine, and ends at nine thirty. So……
W: That is forty'five minutes. Thank you very much!
Q: When does the class usually start?
3.英語(yǔ)中貨幣的表達(dá)方法
英國(guó)貨幣:penny(便士)/pence (penny的復(fù)數(shù)),pound (£)
£20.50:twenty pounds fifty pence,也可以簡(jiǎn)單地寫(xiě)作:twenty fifty
美國(guó)貨幣:
1美元鈔票a S|1.00 bill
1 dollar=100 cents
(S|1.00=one dollar)
(S|2.00=two dollars)
25美分1 quarter
10美分1 dime
5美元1 nickel
1美分1 penny
S|15.95:fifteen dollars ninety-five cents,或fifteen ninety-five.
(注:表示正常價(jià)格: regular price, normal price.
表示價(jià)格劃算:a good buy, a better buy, an excellent price, a good price/ bargain.
表示價(jià)格較貴:dear, expensive, more expensive, steep.
表示價(jià)格便宜:cheap, inexpensive, bargain price, less expensive.
表示減價(jià)出售:sale price, on sale, garage sale, Christmas sale, special price.
詞組:discount, half, double, cut off, knock off, twice as much as ,cross off, etc.)
4.英語(yǔ)中關(guān)于數(shù)字及其計(jì)算的聽(tīng)力考點(diǎn)
(1)數(shù)字辨別:
有關(guān)數(shù)字辨別的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵考點(diǎn)就是類似30/13,40/14,50/15,60/16的聽(tīng)音,看大家能否聽(tīng)出其發(fā)音區(qū)別。聽(tīng)力理解中難以分辨的基數(shù)詞主要有以下幾對(duì):
thirteen與thirty; fourteen與forty; fifteen與fifty; sixteen與sixty; seventeen與seventy;eighteen與eighty; nineteen與ninety,在英文中這幾對(duì)數(shù)詞叫做teens and tens(十幾與幾十)。
不管加減還是乘除,這類題中至少會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)數(shù)字,你的任務(wù)就是迅速地判斷這兩者的關(guān)系,然后根據(jù)聽(tīng)音再確定正確選項(xiàng)。
(2)加減法計(jì)算:
在需要簡(jiǎn)單的加減法計(jì)算的題型中,對(duì)話中至少出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)數(shù)字,它們之間的關(guān)系往往用“多少”、“遲早”、“快慢”、“前后”的形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)表達(dá)。還要注意一些能夠表示數(shù)的存在或引起數(shù)的變化的動(dòng)詞,這些動(dòng)詞也能確定數(shù)字之間的加減關(guān)系,例如:
be, have, start, begin, spend, miss, leave, postpone, prolong, increase, add, borrow, lend, loan, delay, save, go up, go down, rate, at x% off the price等。
大家還應(yīng)該記住下面這些表示加減關(guān)系的詞:
more(多),less(少),late(晚),early(早),fast(快),slow(慢),before(前),after(后),add/addition(加上),plus(加上),subtract/ subtraction(減去),minus(減去)
Dialogue 1:
M: This black bag is 2.00 and that blue one is a dollar more.
W: The red one is twice as much as the blue one.
Q: How much are two red bags?
A.S|4.00 B.S|6.00
C.S|8.00 D.S|12.00
這道題從選擇項(xiàng)上來(lái)看非常簡(jiǎn)單,因?yàn)閿?shù)字不大,所以乍一看選擇項(xiàng)有可能放松警惕,而實(shí)際上,這道貌似簡(jiǎn)單的題,中間卻暗含著陷阱。因?yàn)樵闹刑岬絙lack、blue、red三個(gè)顏色的bag,最后提問(wèn)的是紅色書(shū)包的價(jià)格,包含了一個(gè)加法和乘法運(yùn)算。如果大家在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候沒(méi)記好,又沒(méi)有做好筆記,就很容易出錯(cuò)。因此,在聽(tīng)力答題中要保持一個(gè)清醒的頭腦,穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打是成功的重要保證。
Dialogue 2:
W: Three hours ago, I saw Bob at a meeting. Is he home yet?
M: No. He said he would be back at four and it's six already.
Question: What time did the woman see Bob?
A??2∶00 B??3∶00 C??5∶00 D??6∶00
在這個(gè)例子中,見(jiàn)到Bob的具體時(shí)間必須依據(jù)現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間推斷出?,F(xiàn)在時(shí)間是6點(diǎn)鐘,而說(shuō)話人是在三小時(shí)之前見(jiàn)到Bob的,因而那時(shí)的時(shí)間約是3點(diǎn)鐘。正確的選項(xiàng)是B.
Dialogue 3:
M:Which coat did you finally decide to buy?
W: Well, I would like to buy the green one, but it was S|85.00, so I bought the pink one instead, and save S|35.00.
Question: How much did the woman pay for the coat?
A'60 B??75 C??90 D??50
原對(duì)話中并未直接給出說(shuō)話人所購(gòu)買(mǎi)的衣服的價(jià)錢(qián),但可以通過(guò)其他信息推算出來(lái)。灰色衣服是85元,而買(mǎi)棕色的可以節(jié)省35元,即棕色的衣服是50元。應(yīng)選D.
Dialogue 4:
W.How many people showed up for the meeting yesterday, thirty?
M:Twenty-five are expected to come, but the number was double that.
Question: What's the actual number of people who attended the meeting?
A'20 B'35 C'35 D'50
此題中的運(yùn)算關(guān)系由double一詞體現(xiàn)出來(lái),即雙倍的。原來(lái)預(yù)計(jì)有25人到場(chǎng),實(shí)際上是原先的兩倍,因而正確的選項(xiàng)是D.
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