《孫子兵法》第35期:第六章 虛實(4)

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虛實篇 NO.4：

故形人而我無形，則我專而敵分。

我專為一，敵分為十，是以十攻其一也。

則我眾敵寡，能以眾擊寡者，則吾之所與戰(zhàn)者約矣。

吾所與戰(zhàn)之地不可知，不可知則敵所備者多，敵所備者多，則吾所與戰(zhàn)者寡矣。

故備前則后寡，備后則前寡，備左則右寡，備右則左寡，無所不備，則無所不寡。

寡者，備人者也;眾者，使人備己者也。

這句啥意思：

所以，使敵軍處于暴露狀態(tài)而我軍處于隱蔽狀態(tài)，這樣我軍兵力就可以集中而敵軍兵力就不得不分散。

(如果敵我總兵力相當)，我集中兵力與一點，而敵人分散為十處，我就是以十對一。

這樣，(在局部戰(zhàn)場上)就出現(xiàn)我眾敵寡的態(tài)勢，在這種態(tài)勢下，則我軍所與戰(zhàn)者用力少而成功多也。

敵軍不知道我軍所預(yù)定的戰(zhàn)場在哪里，就會處處分兵防備，防備的地方越多，能夠與我軍在特定的地點直接交戰(zhàn)的敵軍就越少。

所以防備前面，則后面兵力不足，防備后面，則前面兵力不足，防備左方，則右方兵力不足，防備右方，則左方兵力不足，所有的地方都防備，則所有的地方都兵力不足。

兵力不足，全是因為分兵防御敵人;兵力充足，是由于迫使敵人分兵防御我。

英文這么說：

By discovering the enemy's dispositions and remaining invisible ourselves, we can keep ourforces concentrated,while the enemy's must be divided.

We can form a single united body, while the enemy must split up into fractions. Hence there willbe a whole pitted against separate parts of a whole,which means that we shall be many to theenemy's few.

And if we are able thus to attack an inferior force with a superior one, our opponents will be indire straits.

The spot where we intend to fight must not be made known; for then the enemy will have toprepare against a possible attack at several different points;and his forces being thusdistributed in many directions,the numbers we shall have to face at any given point will beproportionately few.

For should the enemy strengthen his van,he will weaken his rear; should he strengthen hisrear,he will weaken his van; should he strengthen his left,he will weaken his right; should hestrengthen his right,

he will weaken his left. If he sends reinforcements everywhere,he will everywhere be weak.

Numerical weakness comes from having to prepare against possible attacks; numericalstrength, from compelling our adversary to make these preparations against us.

《敵眾我寡怎么辦》

第一：集中優(yōu)勢兵力各個擊破

第二：突襲敵軍要害，如糧草、后勤、司令部指揮所等，使敵陷入群龍無首或是有兵不能用、渙散軍心的境地。

第三：使用計謀扭轉(zhuǎn)局勢，比如出奇兵奇襲、拒險作戰(zhàn)、兵分兩路頭尾夾擊等，根據(jù)具體的作戰(zhàn)情況制定有效的方案，因為在戰(zhàn)場上作戰(zhàn)人數(shù)的多少不是絕對的決定性因素，機謀、戰(zhàn)略、士氣、裝備、地理等都不同程度上的占有一定影響。簡要的說，只要揚長避短，發(fā)揮己方優(yōu)勢，對敵方弱勢進行打擊，同時避免己方的不利因素的影響，這樣就往往能夠勝利。