《孫子兵法》第63期:第十一章 九地(2)

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九地篇 NO.2：

2.古之善用兵者，能使敵人前后不相及，眾寡不相恃，貴賤不相救，上下不相收，卒離而不集，兵合而不齊。

合于利而動，不合于利而止。

敢問:“敵眾整而將來，待之若何?”

曰：“先奪其所愛，則聽矣。”

兵之情主速，乘人之不及,由不虞之道，攻其所不戒也。

這句啥意思：

從前善于指揮作戰(zhàn)的人，能使敵人前后部隊不能相互策應(yīng)，主力和小部隊無法相互依靠，

官兵之間不能相互救援，上下級之間不能互相聯(lián)絡(luò)，士兵分散不能集中，合兵布陣也不整齊。

對我有利就打，對我無利就停止行動。

試問：敵人兵員眾多且又陣勢嚴整向我發(fā)起進攻，那該用什么辦法對付它呢?

回答是：先奪取敵人最關(guān)心愛護的，這樣就聽從我們的擺布了。

用兵之理貴在神速，要乘敵人措手不及的時機，走敵人意料不到的道路，攻擊敵人沒有戒備的地方。

英文這么說：

Those who were called skillful leaders of old knew how to drive a wedge between the enemy'sfront and rearto prevent co-operation between his large and small divisions;to hinder thegood troops from rescuing the bad,the officers from rallying their men.When the enemy's menwere united, they managed to keep them in disorder.When it was to their advantage, theymade a forward move; when otherwise, they stopped still.If asked how to cope with a greathost of the enemy in orderly array and on the point of marching to the attack,I should say: "Begin by seizing something which your opponent holds dear; then he will be amenable toyourwill."Rapidity is the essence of war: take advantage of the enemy's unreadiness, makeyour way by unexpected routes,and attack unguarded spots.

單句理解

所謂古之善用兵者，能使敵人前后不相及，眾寡不相恃，貴賤不相救，上下不相收，卒離而不集，兵合而不齊。合于利而動，不合于利而止。孫子在這里提出了“和余力而動，不合于利而止”的戰(zhàn)爭指導原則。這種原則主要是使敵人前后不能相救，上下不能相及，從而阻斷敵人內(nèi)部的有機聯(lián)系，達到降級敵人戰(zhàn)斗力的目的。總之，軍事行動要以對我方有利為原則。