https://online2.tingclass.net/lesson/shi0529/0009/9202/71.mp3
https://image.tingclass.net/statics/js/2012
火攻篇 NO.2:
凡火攻,必因五火之變而應(yīng)之:火發(fā)于內(nèi),則早應(yīng)之于外;
火發(fā)而其兵靜者,待而勿攻,極其火力,可從而從之,不可從則上。
火可發(fā)于外,無(wú)待于內(nèi),以時(shí)發(fā)之,火發(fā)上風(fēng),無(wú)攻下風(fēng),晝風(fēng)久,夜風(fēng)止。
凡軍必知五火之變,以數(shù)守之。
故以火佐攻者明,以水佐攻者強(qiáng)。水可以絕,不可以?shī)Z。
這句啥意思:
凡用火攻,必須根據(jù)五種火攻所引起的不同變化,靈活部署兵力策應(yīng)。
在敵營(yíng)內(nèi)部放火,就要及時(shí)派兵從外面策應(yīng)。
火已燒起而敵軍依然保持鎮(zhèn)靜,就應(yīng)等待,不可立即發(fā)起進(jìn)攻。
待火勢(shì)旺盛后,再根據(jù)情況作出決定,可以進(jìn)攻就進(jìn)攻,不可進(jìn)攻就停止。
火可從外面放,這時(shí)就不必等待內(nèi)應(yīng),只要適時(shí)放火就行。
從上風(fēng)放火時(shí),不可從下風(fēng)進(jìn)攻。白天風(fēng)刮久了,夜晚就容易停止。軍隊(duì)都必須掌握這五種火攻形式,等待條件具備時(shí)進(jìn)行火攻。
用火來(lái)輔助軍隊(duì)進(jìn)攻,效果顯著;用水來(lái)輔助軍隊(duì)進(jìn)攻,攻勢(shì)必能加強(qiáng)。
水可以把敵軍分割隔絕,但卻不能焚毀敵人的軍需物資
英文這么說(shuō):
In attacking with fire, one should be prepared to meet five possible developments:
(1) When fire breaks out inside to enemy's camp,respond at once with an attack from without.
(2) If there is an outbreak of fire, but the enemy's soldiers remain quiet, bide your time and donot attack.
(3) When the force of the flames has reached its height,follow it up with an attack, if that ispracticable;if not, stay where you are.
(4) If it is possible to make an assault with fire from without, do not wait for it to break outwithin,but deliver your attack at a favorable moment.
When you start a fire, be to windward of it.
Do not attack from the leeward.
A wind that rises in the daytime lasts long,but a night breeze soon falls.
In every army, the five developments connected with fire must be known, the movements of thestars calculated,and a watch kept for the proper days.
Hence those who use fire as an aid to the attack show intelligence;
those who use water as an aid to the attack gain an accession of strength.
By means of water, an enemy may be intercepted,but not robbed of all his belongings.
經(jīng)典賞析:
凡火攻有五:一曰火人,二曰火積,三曰火輜,四曰火庫(kù),五曰火隊(duì)。
根據(jù)所要打擊對(duì)象的不同,孫子把火攻的方式具體區(qū)分歸納為五個(gè)大類。這一是焚燒敵方的人馬,它屬于最主要的類型,如赤壁之戰(zhàn)、彝陵之戰(zhàn)的情況;二是焚燒掉敵軍的糧草,讓他們餓肚子全身虛脫,就像官渡之戰(zhàn)中曹操采納許攸的獻(xiàn)計(jì),一把火燒掉袁紹囤積在烏巢的軍糧;三是焚燒敵軍的輜重,“軍無(wú)輜重則亡”,對(duì)手沒(méi)有了裝備,便只有挨打的份,沒(méi)有還手的力;四是焚燒敵軍的倉(cāng)庫(kù),破壞對(duì)手的后方戰(zhàn)略資源,這仗自然便無(wú)法再打下去,就像隋統(tǒng)一南北之前,用高穎的計(jì)謀,潛人陳國(guó)后方,燒倉(cāng)庫(kù)搞破壞;五是焚燒敵方的交通線,補(bǔ)給道路一旦被切斷,敵人雖“有心殺敵”,但實(shí)際情況則是“無(wú)力回天”,遭到失敗不過(guò)是個(gè)時(shí)間問(wèn)題了。
雖然孫子的"火攻"之法在現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中已失去它的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,但《火攻篇》所蘊(yùn)含的思想,卻意味深長(zhǎng)。通過(guò)對(duì)孫子借力之道、修功之法、慎戰(zhàn)原則的論述,進(jìn)一步揭示了孫子謀略思想的深刻內(nèi)涵。在敵我雙方均勢(shì)的情況下,慎戰(zhàn)是謀劃戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的重要前提,借力是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)制勝的重要條件,修功是鞏固戰(zhàn)果、實(shí)現(xiàn)"戰(zhàn)勝而益強(qiáng)"戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的重要舉措。這些思想對(duì)于思考軍事斗爭(zhēng)等現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題均有重要的借鑒價(jià)值。