百科知識視頻之煎蛋小學堂39 基因改造能否創(chuàng)造“天才人類”？

Whether you have an IQ of 50 or 150,we all like to feel smart.After all,the minds of intelligent people like Einstein,Tesla or Steven Hawking have no doubt helped to shape the world we live in.So is it feasible that we could genetically improve the intelligence of our entire species?

無論智者或是愚者 人人都愛聰明。畢竟 像愛因斯坦 特斯拉或斯蒂芬。霍金這類智者 毫無疑問 幫助我們重塑世界。那么 我們能通過基因來提升整個人類的智商嗎?

DNA is the basic code of life found in every living organism.And this DNA is made up of genes which in turns are made up of four smaller parts,called Nucleus Basis,represented by the letters,ATG and C.In humans,these basis are arranged as 3 billion pairs,which essentially act as a blueprint for everything the cells in your body need to do.

DNA是每個生物體內(nèi)生命基礎(chǔ)。DNA由基因構(gòu)成 而基因有由 更小的部分 即堿基構(gòu)成 分別以A T G C表示。人體中 這些基底構(gòu)成了30億種組合，它們成為了你身體細胞的一舉一動的藍圖。

Literally,all that you are,from the way you look and act,is defined by the organization of these four biological compounds,And scientists have been able to find the connections between the way genes are organized and certain traits you exhibit:from your sex to your eye color,and even,diseases you may develop.It was actually the Human Genome Project,which first began to analyze and map all the genes in the human body.The initial project took over a decade and 3 billion dollars to complete,with teams across the entire globe working together.

或者說 你的一切 無論是外表還是舉止，都由這四個生化物的組織構(gòu)成決定?？茖W家也已經(jīng)找到了基因組織和你身上的特質(zhì) 之間的關(guān)系 從你的性別到眼睛的顏色，甚至 你會生什么病。是“人類基因工程”，最先開始分析并測序人體內(nèi)所有的基因。初期項目耗時十余年 投入了30億美元，并調(diào)動全球的團隊共同努力。

Today,with a much smaller team,the same could be accomplished in a few days for only 4000 dollars.And the more sequence of genomes we accumulate,whether be from plants or microbes,or humans,the more we have to compare and contrast the traits we see in the outside with the gene combinations we find on the inside.And that's exactly what the Cogintive Genomics Project hopes to achieve.

今天 更小的團隊在幾天內(nèi)就能做到同樣的事 只需4000美元。我們積累的染色體組序列越多，無論來自植物或微生物 或人類，我們需要做的比較 即我們所看到的外表特征 與內(nèi)在基因組合的關(guān)系就越多。這就是“認知基因組”計劃的目標。

By using over 2000 people with IQs over 150,and plans to bring on 20000 more subjects,researchers at BGI Institute in China are looking at the genetic basis for intelligence.In other words,they are scanning through the DNA of thousands of intelligent people to look for patterns that may be responsible for making them smart in the first place.Of course,this is a much more complicated task than looking for,say,a disease pattern.Tay-sach's and Huntington's Disease are both caused by a single gene mutation,and are easily recognized.

通過研究2000名智商超過150的人，以及計劃中額外的20000人，中國北京基因組研究所的研究者們正著眼于智力的基因基礎(chǔ)。換句話說 他們在掃描數(shù)千名聰明人的DNA 以尋找最初讓他們聰明絕頂?shù)幕蚰Ｊ?。當?這比尋找導(dǎo)致疾病的基因模式復(fù)雜得多。臺-薩氏病 及亨廷頓癥都由一條基因變異造成，并很容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

Hair and eye color,on the other hand,depending on multiple genes interacting,though,with proper analysis,it can still be predicted.But traits like personality or intelligence,are almost certainly the result thousands of genes interacting in unique ways.A patter which scientists have yet to discover.And the truth is,they may never find one.But what happens if they do? I mean,it could be a future of genius babies.With the advantage of vitro fertilization,you might be able to create multiple embryos and scan their DNA.Scientists will then be able to identify which traits are most likely in the embryo based on the genes,allowing parents to essentially choose which baby they most desire.

另外 頭發(fā)和眼睛的顏色取決于多條基因的相互作用，不過 通過適當分析 仍可被預(yù)測。但性格和智力這樣的特點，肯定是上千條基因以獨特的方式作用的結(jié)果。這個模式還有待科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)。真相是 他們也許永遠也找不到。不過 如果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了呢?我是說 這可能是一個天才兒童的未來。利用試管受精 你甚至能做出 多個胚胎并掃描其DNA。科學家就可找出哪些特質(zhì)更可能 體現(xiàn)在胚胎中 基于它們的基因，讓家長選擇自己中意的孩子。

For example,this embryo has a 50% chance of being exceptionally musical,or this one has a 58% chance of having an IQ over 150.In this way,without actually changing the genetic information,but rather screening it,we may actually be able to increase the intelligence of future generation.

比如 這個胚胎有50%的可能性具有音樂天分，這個有58%的可能性智商超過150.通過這種方式 不改變基因信息，而通過掃描 我們也許能 提升后代的智力水平。

But what about you?Could you ever change your genetic makeup to make you smarter,faster or stronger right now?