英語(yǔ)視頻暢談歐美人文風(fēng)情74：如何戒掉壞習(xí)慣?

　　Typically, we are harder on others than ourselves when it comes to bad habits. They could be annoyances, like, someone who starts cracking their knuckles right next to you, or a friend of yours who you love very much but who constantly drops the word "like" into, like, every other sentence.

　　一般來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)提到壞習(xí)慣時(shí)，我們總嚴(yán)以待人寬以律己。它們可以是讓人討厭的事，像是，某個(gè)就在你旁邊開始折指節(jié)的人，或是你一個(gè)非常喜歡的朋友，但他會(huì)不斷用“像是”這個(gè)詞，像是，每隔一句就用一次。

　　Hey, but you've got one, too! Everyone has at least one bad habit that they can shake. Or can they?

　　嘿，但你也有個(gè)壞習(xí)慣!每個(gè)人都至少有一個(gè)他們可以擺脫的壞習(xí)慣?；蚴撬麄兛梢詥?

　　Welcome to Wellcast. This week, we took another viewer's suggestion from Franticow who wrote in asking for video on breaking bad habits. So today, you guessed it. We're gonna examine why it's so darn difficult to give up chowing down on junk food or chowing down on your fingernails.

　　歡迎收看Wellcast。這周，我們采納另外一個(gè)觀眾Franticow的建議，他寫信來(lái)尋求戒掉壞習(xí)慣的影片。所以今天，你們猜到了。我們要檢驗(yàn)為什么要戒掉大吃垃圾食物、或是大啃你的指甲是如此的困難。

　　We've also got a four-step method for overcoming your biggest vice. Are you ready?

　　我們同樣也提供一個(gè)克服最大惡習(xí)的四階段方法。你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?

　　First and foremost: how do bad habits even form? Studies by the National Institute of Health point to two main reasons: The first reason is repetition. If you do something often enough, say, you twirl your pencil during class, you brain decides it can stop wasting precious neuron thinking about it. So it checks out and goes on vacation. You could be twirling your pencil through AP English, social studies, algebra and trig without even thinking about it.

　　首先最重要的是：壞習(xí)慣到底怎么養(yǎng)成的?美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院的研究指出兩個(gè)主要原因：第一個(gè)原因是反復(fù)。如果你夠常做某件事，例如，你在課堂上轉(zhuǎn)筆，你的大腦決定它可以停止浪費(fèi)寶貴的神經(jīng)元來(lái)思考這事。所以它收工并放假去了。你甚至連想都不用想，就會(huì)在大學(xué)先修英文課、社會(huì)研究課、代數(shù)和三角學(xué)上轉(zhuǎn)你的筆。

　　The other way bad habits are formed is through positive reinforcement, which sounds like a really good thing, but it can be dangerous. Let's talk about that energy drink that you insist on sucking back when you're up late studying. Gives you a nice boost of energy, and then helps you get through to the end of that mind-numbingly boring paper you're writing on Chaucer.

　　另一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣養(yǎng)成的方式是透過(guò)正面強(qiáng)化，這聽起來(lái)像是一件非常好的事，但它也可以是很危險(xiǎn)的。來(lái)談?wù)勀阍诎疽鼓顣鴷r(shí)堅(jiān)持要喝的能量飲料。它給了你滿滿的能量補(bǔ)充，然后幫你撐過(guò)你正在寫的那份讓人腦袋麻痺、無(wú)聊的Chaucer(英國(guó)作家)報(bào)告的最后。

　　But the reason why this kind of habit is hard to break is that the nice surge of energy at 11 p.m. is an enjoyable feeling. And enjoyable feelings usually result in your brain releasing dopamine. This is partly why people often crave things that aren't even enjoyable for them anymore. The brain is jonesing for dopamine.

　　但這種習(xí)慣為什么難戒掉的原因，是因?yàn)樵谕砩鲜稽c(diǎn)時(shí)能量的激增是一種快樂(lè)的感受。而快樂(lè)的感受通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致你的腦袋釋出多巴胺。在一定程度上，這就是為什么人們常常還會(huì)渴望那些對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)甚至已經(jīng)不再快樂(lè)的事。腦袋上了多巴胺的癮。

　　But don't worry, my habitual compadres. Human beings are pretty amazing at changing and adapting. Ladies and gentlemen, we're going to obliterate that bad habit in four easy steps. Pause and print this sheet at watchwellcast.com.

　　但別擔(dān)心，我的惡習(xí)朋友們。人類在改變和適應(yīng)方面是非常驚人的。各位先生女士，我們要用四個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單步驟來(lái)戒掉那壞習(xí)慣。暫停并印下watchwellcast.com上的這份表。

　　Step one (let's start at the very beginning. It's a very good place to start): Write down the bad habit you're trying to quit. Start simple. Choose just one.

　　第一步(從起點(diǎn)開始。這是個(gè)開始的好地方)：寫下你試著要戒掉的壞習(xí)慣。簡(jiǎn)單開始。只選一個(gè)。

　　Step two: Learn to avoid your triggers.

　　第二步：學(xué)會(huì)避開你的觸發(fā)點(diǎn)

　　Take some time to think of other things that really make you crave doing your bad habit. If biting your nails is your vice, your triggers might be: "That last minute quiz!" "Oh, no! I gotta pay my electric bill" or "How much money do I have in my account for rent?" List these triggers in section two of your worksheet.

　　花點(diǎn)時(shí)間想想其他真正會(huì)讓你渴望做壞習(xí)慣的事。如果咬指甲是你的惡習(xí)，你的觸發(fā)點(diǎn)可能是：「最后一刻的考試!」「喔，不!我要付電費(fèi)了。」或是「我?guī)衾镞€有多少錢付房租?」在工作表的第二欄里列出這些觸發(fā)點(diǎn)。

　　Next to these triggers, write a list of ways you can avoid them. For example, read your syllabus every week or make sure that you plan for automatic deductions for your electric bill.

　　在這些觸發(fā)點(diǎn)旁邊，寫下你可以避開它們方式的名單。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，每周細(xì)看課綱，或是確定你有安排自動(dòng)扣繳電費(fèi)。

　　Step three: Substitute your bad habits for not so bad habits.

　　第三步：把你的壞習(xí)慣替換成不那么壞的習(xí)慣

　　Basically, you wanna teach your brain by repetition to learn a new habit. So if you tend to bite your nails when you're stressed and alone in your living room, stock your refrigerator with carrots and celery, so that you can reach for something else to chew on when you're stressed out. Write a substitution next to every trigger on section three of your worksheet.

　　基本上，你想要透過(guò)重復(fù)來(lái)教你的腦袋學(xué)會(huì)新的習(xí)慣。所以如果你在客廳壓力大且孤獨(dú)時(shí)容易咬指甲，在冰箱囤積紅蘿卜和芹菜，這樣一來(lái)當(dāng)你壓力大時(shí)就能拿些其他的東西來(lái)啃。在工作表上第三欄每個(gè)觸發(fā)點(diǎn)旁寫下替代方案。

　　Step four: Gather your army.

　　第四步：集結(jié)你的軍隊(duì)。

　　You do not have to do this alone. Enlist your friends to help you defeat this bad habit. Start by telling them that you're planning on eliminating this bad habit and you need their help. Just the simple act of letting them in on this battle that you're waging is a step at the right direction.

　　你不必單獨(dú)做這事。招募你的朋友來(lái)幫你打敗這個(gè)壞習(xí)慣。開始以告訴他們你正計(jì)畫要消滅這個(gè)壞習(xí)慣，而且需要他們的幫助。就是這個(gè)讓他們知道你正在進(jìn)行的這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗的簡(jiǎn)單行動(dòng)，就是朝向正途的一步。

　　Remember, your friends can be bodyguards. They'll stand between you and your brain. Tell them to police you. If they see you reaching for those nails to bite, give them the permission to remind you of your mission or even slap your hand. Whatever you want!

　　記住，你的朋友可以當(dāng)保鏢。他們會(huì)站在你和你的腦袋之間。叫他們監(jiān)督你。如果他們看到你伸手要咬指甲，淮許他們提醒你的任務(wù)，或甚至打你的手。不論你想要什么!

　　Alright, guys. Let's recap. Today you learned four steps for beating your bad habits. You decided which habit you wanted to kick. You figured out your triggers for this bad habit. And you decided on ways to avoid and replace these triggers with healthier alternatives. If all those fail, you learn to enlist your friends in the fight.

　　好的，各位。來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)吧。今天你學(xué)到打敗壞習(xí)慣的四個(gè)步驟。你決定你想要戒掉哪個(gè)壞習(xí)慣。你想出這個(gè)壞習(xí)慣的觸發(fā)點(diǎn)。你選定方法來(lái)，用更健康的替代方案避開并替換這些觸發(fā)點(diǎn)。如果那些全都失敗，你學(xué)到召集你的朋友來(lái)打這場(chǎng)仗。

　　Tweet us at WatchWellCast. Email us at [email protected]. Or leave a comment down below. We'll see you next time.

　　在推特WatchWellCast上留言給我們。寄信到[email protected]給我們。或是在下方留言。我們下次見。