指示代詞包括this, that, these, those等,它們?cè)诰渲屑瓤捎米鞔~,也可用作形容詞。一般說來,this, these表“近指”,,而that, those則“遠(yuǎn)指”。
2. 指示代詞指上文還是指下文
指上文提到的事多用that,有時(shí)用this,指下文的事只能用this。如:
—He was nearly drowned once.
—When was ________?
—________was in 1998 when he was in middle school.
A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This
答案是A。指上文提到的事多用that,it指時(shí)間。
3. 電話用語中的指示代詞
在電話用語中指自己用this,指對(duì)方用that,不用I或you。如:
“Who’s that?” “This is Mary speaking.”“你是哪位?”“我是瑪麗。”
4. 指示代詞受定語從句的修飾
指示代詞that, those后可接定語從句,一般說來,that后接which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,those后接who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。如:
They say the only real knowledge is that which can be measured. 據(jù)說唯一真實(shí)的知識(shí)是可以檢驗(yàn)的知識(shí)。
Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些預(yù)先訂票的人可以進(jìn)去。
5. 指示代詞用作替代詞
that, those有時(shí)可用作替代詞,用以替代前面提到過的人或事物。如:
My seat is next to that of the mayor. 我的座位在市長座位旁邊。
Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 紅色光線的波長約為藍(lán)色波長的兩倍。