TED:當(dāng)科技比我們自己還了解我們自己會發(fā)生什么？
What happens when technology knows more about us than we do?A computer now can detect our slightest facial microexpressionsand be able to tell the difference between a real smile and a fake one.
當(dāng)科技比我們還了解我們自己，會發(fā)生什么？目前的電腦已經(jīng)可以解讀我們最精細(xì)的微表情，能夠區(qū)分假笑和真笑。
That’s only the beginning.Technology has become incredibly intelligentand already knows a lot about our internal states.And whether we like it or not,we already are sharing parts of our inner livesthat’s out of our control.
這僅僅只是開始。科技已經(jīng)變得極度智能，而且已經(jīng)知道很多我們的內(nèi)心狀態(tài)。
不管喜歡與否，我們已經(jīng)在分享我們的一部分私生活了，但這一過程卻不受我們控制。
That seems like a problem,because a lot of us like to keep what’s going on insidefrom what people actually see.We want to have agency over what we share and what we don’t.We all like to have a poker face.
這似乎是個麻煩，因為很多人只想展示自己的表面，而隱藏自己的內(nèi)心。我們希望對我們愿意和不愿意分享的東西擁有控制權(quán)。我們都喜歡有一張不露聲色的臉。
But I’m here to tell you that I think that’s a thing of the past.And while that might sound scary, it’s not necessarily a bad thing.I’ve spent a lot of time studying the circuits in the brainthat create the unique perceptual realities that we each have.
但我來是想告訴你，這個想法已經(jīng)過時了。雖然聽起來可怕，但這不一定是壞事。我花了很多時間研究那些創(chuàng)造出我們感官世界的腦回路。
And now I bring that togetherwith the capabilities of current technologyto create new technology that does make us better,feel more, connect more.
現(xiàn)在我將這些研究成果和當(dāng)前的科技水平結(jié)合在一起，來創(chuàng)造出一種全新的科技，幫助擴(kuò)展我們的感受，和建立連接的能力。
And I believe to do that,we have to be OK losing some of our agency.With some animals, it’s really amazing,and we get to see into their internal experiences.
而且我相信要實現(xiàn)這一點，我們需要接受失去部分控制力的后果。動物實驗的研究結(jié)果很令人驚嘆，我們可以看到它們的內(nèi)在感受。
We get this upfront look at the mechanistic interactionbetween how they respond to the world around themand the state of their biological systems.
This is where evolutionary pressures like eating, matingand making sure we don’t get eatendrive deterministic behavioral responses to information in the world.
我們得以全面了解它們回應(yīng)世界的方式，以及它們的生物系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)。在這里，像進(jìn)食，求偶以及保護(hù)自己不被吃掉這些進(jìn)化壓力驅(qū)使著決定性的行為，對周遭世界的信息進(jìn)行回應(yīng)。
And we get to see into this window,into their internal states and their biological experiences.It’s really pretty cool.Now, stay with me for a moment -- I’m a violinist, not a singer.
我們可以通過這個窗口，看到它們的內(nèi)心狀態(tài)與生理感受。這非常有意思?，F(xiàn)在，認(rèn)真聽——雖然我 不是歌手，我是拉小提琴的。
But the spider’s already given me a critical review.Poppy Crum: It turns out, some spiders tune their webs like violinsto resonate with certain sounds.And likely, the harmonics of my voice as it went highercoupled with how loud I was singingrecreated either the predatory call of an echolocating bat or a bird,
但這個蜘蛛已經(jīng)給了我批判性的建議。波比· 克拉姆：事實上，很多蜘蛛 會把它們的網(wǎng)調(diào)得像小提琴一樣，來和某些聲音產(chǎn)生共振。相似的，當(dāng)我的聲調(diào)隨著音量變大而提高時，就重造出了蝙蝠或鳥類 等捕食者靠近的警告，
and the spider did what it should.It predictively told me to bug off.I love this.
The spider’s responding to its external worldin a way that we get to see and know what’s happening to its internal world.
然后蜘蛛做出了本能的反應(yīng)。它在警告我走開。我很喜歡這個現(xiàn)象。蜘蛛在對外在世界進(jìn)行回應(yīng)，在某種程度上，我們可以借此看見并了解它內(nèi)心世界的樣子。
Biology is controlling the spider’s response;it’s wearing its internal state on its sleeve.But us, humans --we’re different.
生物學(xué)控制著蜘蛛的回應(yīng)；它的內(nèi)心狀態(tài)體現(xiàn)了出來。但是我們，人類，我們不一樣。
We like to think we have cognitive control over what people see, know and understandabout our internal states --our emotions, our insecurities, our bluffs, our trials and tribulations --and how we respond.
我們希望可以控制他人看到，認(rèn)識以及理解到的我們的內(nèi)心狀態(tài)——我們的情感，不安全感， 我們的虛張聲勢，我們的磨難，以及我們回應(yīng)的方式。
We get to have our poker face.Or maybe we don’t.Try this with me.Your eye responds to how hard your brain is working.
我們必須面不改色。或者也許，我們不用這樣做。和我一起試試。你的眼睛會反映你的用腦情況。
The response you’re about to see is driven entirely by mental effortand has nothing to do with changes in lighting.We know this from neuroscience.I promise, your eyes are doing the same thing as the subject in our lab,
你即將看到的反應(yīng)完全是由心理影響的，與光線的改變毫無關(guān)系。我們從神經(jīng)學(xué)了解到這一信息。我保證，你們的眼睛會發(fā)生與我們實驗室的受試者一樣的變化，
whether you want them to or not.At first, you’ll hear some voices.
無論你想不想這么做。最初，你會聽到一些聲音。
Try and understand them and keep watching the eye in front of you.It’s going to be hard at first,one should drop out, and it should get really easy.
試著理解它們，并注視著你面前的眼睛。一上來可能很難。一個聲音消失后，就會簡單很多。
You’re going to see the change in effort in the diameter of the pupil.
你們會看到瞳孔的直徑發(fā)生了改變。
Intelligent technology depends on personal data. Intelligent technology depends on personal data.
智能科技取決于個人數(shù)據(jù)。智能科技取決于個人數(shù)據(jù)。
PC: Your pupil doesn’t lie.Your eye gives away your poker face.When your brain’s having to work harder,your autonomic nervous system drives your pupil to dilate.
波比· 克拉姆： 你的瞳孔不會撒謊。你的眼睛泄露了你真實的心理活動。
當(dāng)你的大腦需要更快地運轉(zhuǎn)時，自動神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)會導(dǎo)致瞳孔擴(kuò)張，
When it’s not, it contracts.When I take away one of the voices,the cognitive effort to understand the talkersgets a lot easier.I could have put the two voices in different spatial locations
反過來則會導(dǎo)致收縮。當(dāng)我移除其中任何一個聲道時，用來理解說話者的認(rèn)知努力變得輕松很多。我可以把兩個聲音放在不同位置，
I could have made one louder.You would have seen the same thing.We might think we have more agency over the reveal of our internal statethan that spider,but maybe we don’t.
或把其中一個調(diào)大，你會看到同樣的結(jié)果。我們或許認(rèn)為，我們掌控展現(xiàn)自己內(nèi)心情況的能力比蜘蛛更強(qiáng)，但或許并不是這樣。
Today’s technology is starting to make it really easyto see the signals and tells that give us away.The amalgamation of sensors paired with machine learningon us, around us and in our environments,is a lot more than cameras and microphones tracking our external actions.
現(xiàn)在的科技水平使得識別這些信號然后暴露我們自己變得非常容易。在我們身上，在我們四周與環(huán)境中與機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)相結(jié)合的傳感器，遠(yuǎn)不止監(jiān)控著我們外在動作的攝像頭與麥克風(fēng)。
Our bodies radiate our storiesfrom changes in the temperature of our physiology.We can look at these as infrared thermal imagesshowing up behind me,where reds are hotter and blues are cooler.
我們的身體通過生理溫度的改變輻射著我們的故事?？匆幌挛冶澈蟮倪@些紅外圖像，
紅色代表溫度高，藍(lán)色代表溫度低。
The dynamic signature of our thermal responsegives away our changes in stress,how hard our brain is working,whether we’re paying attentionand engaged in the conversation we might be havingand even whether we’re experiencing a picture of fire as if it were real.We can actually see people give off heat on their cheeks
我們熱響應(yīng)的動態(tài)信號暴露了我們的壓力變化，大腦的負(fù)荷程度，我們是否在關(guān)注并參與我們可能正在進(jìn)行的對話，甚至我們是否如實地在感受一張火焰的圖片。我們可以看見人們臉頰的溫度上升，
in response to an image of flame.But aside from giving away our poker bluffs,what if dimensions of data from someone’s thermal responsegave away a glow of interpersonal interest?Tracking the honesty of feelings in someone’s thermal image
這是對火焰圖片做出的回應(yīng)。但除了泄露我們的情緒偽裝，如果某人的熱響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)還暴露了其人際交往的興趣呢？追蹤某人熱學(xué)圖像里的真摯情感，或許會為理解
might be a new part of how we fall in love and see attractionOur technology can listen, develop insights and make predictionsabout our mental and physical healthjust by analyzing the timing dynamics of our speech and languagepicked up by microphones.
我們?nèi)绾螇嬋霅酆踊虮晃峁┬碌男畔?。僅僅通過分析麥克風(fēng)接收的關(guān)于我們話語和語言的時序動態(tài)，我們的科技就可以傾聽，形成理解，并對我們的心理和生理健康做出預(yù)測。
Groups have shown that changes in the statistics of our languagepaired with machine learningcan predict the likelihood someone will develop psychosis.
I’m going to take it a step furtherand look at linguistic changes and changes in our voicethat show up with a lot of different conditions.
小組研究表明，我們語言中的變化與機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)相結(jié)合，可以預(yù)測某人患上精神病的幾率。我會更近一步，去觀察我們聲音中的語言變化與音調(diào)變化，它們展現(xiàn)出了許多不同的狀況。
Dementia, diabetes can alter the spectral coloration of our voice.Changes in our language associated with Alzheimer’scan sometimes show up more than 10 years before clinical diagnosis。
癡呆，糖尿病會改變我們聲音中的光譜顏色，與阿爾茨海默癥關(guān)聯(lián)的言語變化
有時在臨床診斷十年前就會出現(xiàn)。
What we say and how we say it tells a much richer storythan we used to think.
我們說什么以及說話的方式，其實比我們曾經(jīng)以為的透露了更多信息。
And devices we already have in our homes could, if we let them,give us invaluable insight back.The chemical composition of our breathgives away our feelings.There’s a dynamic mixture of acetone, isoprene and carbon dioxidethat changes when our heart speeds up, when our muscles tense,and all without any obvious change in our behaviors.
而且只要我們允許，我們家里的設(shè)施也可以給我們珍貴的反饋。我們呼吸中的化學(xué)構(gòu)成能夠暴露我們的情感。丙酮，異戊二烯以及二氧化碳的動態(tài)混合物會隨我們心率的提升或肌肉的緊張狀態(tài)而改變，盡管我們在行為上并沒有明顯變化。
Alright, I want you to watch this clip with me.Some things might be going on on the side screens,but try and focus on the image in the frontand the man at the window.
好了，我想讓你們和我一起看看這個片段。兩側(cè)的屏幕上可能會出現(xiàn)一些東西，但嘗試關(guān)注中間的圖像和窗邊的人。
PC: Sorry about that. I needed to get a reaction.I’m actually tracking the carbon dioxide you exhale in the room right now.We’ve installed tubes throughout the theater,
波比· 克拉姆：不好意思， 我需要得到一個反應(yīng)。事實上，我正在檢測 你們在房間中呼出的二氧化碳。我們在場館內(nèi)裝了很多管道，
lower to the ground, because CO2 is heavier than air.But they’re connected to a device in the backthat lets us measure, in real time, with high precision,
the continuous differential concentration of CO2.
在貼近地面的位置，因為二氧化碳比氧氣重。它們連接著后臺的一個設(shè)備，允許我們實時并高精準(zhǔn)度地測量二氧化碳濃度的持續(xù)變化。
The clouds on the sides are actually the real-time data visualizationof the density of our CO2.You might still see a patch of red on the screen,because we’re showing increases with larger colored clouds,larger colored areas of red.
兩邊的云朵實際上是二氧化碳濃度的可視數(shù)據(jù)。你們或許還會看到屏幕上的一片紅色，因為我們正在展示大型有色云朵增加，紅色的部分變得更多。
And that’s the point where a lot of us jumped.It’s our collective suspense driving a change in carbon dioxide.Alright, now, watch this with me one more time.
這是我們被嚇到的時刻。我們對將要發(fā)生什么的共同期待導(dǎo)致了二氧化碳的變化。好了，我們再看一遍。
PC: You knew it was coming.But it’s a lot different when we changed the creator’s intent.Changing the music and the sound effectscompletely alter the emotional impact of that scene.And we can see it in our breath.Suspense, fear, joyall show up as reproducible, visually identifiable moments.
波比· 克拉姆： 你們已經(jīng)知道會發(fā)生什么了。當(dāng)我們改變制作者的意圖時， 這就變得很不一樣。改變音樂與聲效完全改變了那個鏡頭的情感沖擊。這一點可以在我們的呼吸中觀察到。懸念，恐懼，快樂，全都是可重現(xiàn)的，視覺上可見的。
We broadcast a chemical signature of our emotions.It is the end of the poker face.
我們在“廣播”我們情感的化學(xué)信號。這意味著“撲克臉”的終結(jié)。
Our spaces, our technology will know what we’re feeling.We will know more about each other than we ever have.We get a chance to reach in and connect to the experience and sentimentsthat are fundamental to us as humansin our senses, emotionally and socially.
我們的空間和科技將能夠了解我們的感受。我們會遠(yuǎn)比以前更了解彼此。我們有機(jī)會去觸碰并連接那些在我們的感官，情感與社交中作為人類基礎(chǔ)的體驗與情緒。
I believe it is the era of the empath.
我相信這是移情的時代。
And we are enabling the capabilities that true technological partners can bringto how we connect with each other and with our technology.If we recognize the power of becoming technological empaths,we get this opportunitywhere technology can help us bridge the emotional and cognitive divide.
我們正在實現(xiàn)真正的科技伴侶所帶來的如何通過科技讓彼此相連的各種能力。如果我們認(rèn)識到了成為科技移情者的能力，就將得到這個機(jī)會，讓科技幫助我們把情感與認(rèn)知分歧聯(lián)系起來。
And in that way, we get to change how we tell our stories.We can enable a better future for technologies like augmented realityto extend our own agency and connect us at a much deeper level.Imagine a high school counselor being able to realizethat an outwardly cheery student really was having a deeply hard time,
在這種方式下，我們就可以改變講故事的方式。我們可以創(chuàng)造一個擁有像現(xiàn)實增強(qiáng)技術(shù)的未來，去延伸我們的媒介，并讓我們在更深的層面進(jìn)行連接。想象一位高中學(xué)生顧問，能夠了解一個表面很快樂的學(xué)生實際上處境艱難，
where reaching out can make a crucial, positive difference.Or authorities, being able to know the differencebetween someone having a mental health crisisand a different type of aggression,and responding accordingly.Or an artist, knowing the direct impact of their work.
這樣一來，交流就可以促成一個顯著，積極的改變。我們的權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)，能夠區(qū)別一個人是存在心理健康危機(jī)，還是懷有一種不同的侵略行為，并對此做出相應(yīng)的回應(yīng)。或者讓藝術(shù)家可以了解他們藝術(shù)作品的直接影響。
Leo Tolstoy defined his perspective of artby whether what the creator intendedwas experienced by the person on the other end.
列夫· 托爾斯泰將他對藝術(shù)的理解定義為創(chuàng)造者的意圖是否被觀看者感受到。
Today’s artists can know what we’re feeling.But regardless of whether it’s art or human connection,
如今的藝術(shù)家可以了解我們的感受。但無論是藝術(shù)還是人類連接，
today’s technologies will know and can knowwhat we’re experiencing on the other side,and this means we can be closer and more authentic.
如今的科技都將，且能夠知道我們在另一端的感受。這意味著我們彼此可以更接近和更真實。
But I realize a lot of us have a really hard timewith the idea of sharing our data,and especially the idea that people know things about usthat we didn’t actively choose to share.
不過，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們很多人不喜歡分享我們的數(shù)據(jù)，尤其當(dāng)知道人們會了解那些我們沒有主動選擇分享的數(shù)據(jù)。
Anytime we talk to someone,look at someoneor choose not to look,data is exchanged, given away,that people use to learn,make decisions about their lives and about ours.
每當(dāng)我們與別人說話，看著某人，或選擇避開目光接觸時，數(shù)據(jù)都會被交換，被分享，被人們用于學(xué)習(xí)，對他們以及我們的生活做出決定。
I’m not looking to create a world where our inner lives are ripped openand our personal data and our privacy given awayto people and entities where we don’t want to see it go.
我并不想創(chuàng)造一個人們的內(nèi)心生活完全暴露的世界，我們的數(shù)據(jù)和隱私都被暴露給給我們不愿分享的人和實體。
But I am looking to create a worldwhere we can care about each other more effectively,we can know more about when someone is feeling somethingthat we ought to pay attention to.
我想創(chuàng)造的是一個我們可以更好地關(guān)心彼此，更加了解何時有人產(chǎn)生了某種感覺，
而這種感覺也是我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注的。
And we can have richer experiences from our technology.
我們可以利用科技獲得更豐富的經(jīng)驗。
Any technology can be used for good or bad.Transparency to engagement and effective regulationare absolutely critical to building the trust for any of this.
任何科技都像一面雙刃劍。參與的透明和有效的監(jiān)管對在其中建立信任非常重要。
But the benefits that "empathetic technology" can bring to our livesare worth solving the problems that make us uncomfortable.
但是"技術(shù)移情" 可以為我們帶來的好處，值得我們?nèi)ソ鉀Q那些 讓我們感到不舒服的問題。
And if we don’t, there are too many opportunities and feelingswe’re going to be missing out on.
而且如果不這么做，我們就將錯過太多的機(jī)會與感受。
Thank you.
謝謝大家。
